Abstract
This paper examines the soil erosion problem in Nigeria, discussing how poverty contributes to it and how development can prevent it. The effects of erosion on the country are explained, and a measure for reversing it is provided.

From the Paper
"Nigeria has a significant soil erosion problem that is due to a number of natural and man made causes. The region's soils are inherently vulnerable to erosion because they are highly weathered and unable to supply many of the nutrients needed by crop plants. In addition in the southeast, northeast and northwest areas of the country, soils are sandy and nutrient-deficient making them exceptionally susceptible to erosion. Heavy rains starting in January and reaching their peak between June and September also promote severe..."

Tags:soil, erosion, Nigeria, gully erosion, rain, arresting, reversing, effects, poverty, development

Abstract
Never before in the history of mankind have we faced an environmental dilemma with the worldwide effects of soil erosion. The problem is so severe, that many experts fear the land will not be able to produce enough food to feed the world's population in the next century. The paper discusses the problem as two fold - marginal land and deforestation. Much of the world's land is marginal sandy desert and sub-desert. In order to feed and house their growing populations many countries in South America, Asia, and Africa clear the world's forests to create more grazing land. The paper shows that, although much of this land has rich soil, the effect of deforestation is an increase in soil erosion. Once the trees are removed, the soil erodes and soon becomes marginal. Combined this with the problem of acid rain, other forms of pollution, and over population, and it is obvious we are entering a time of intense food scarcity.

From the Paper
"In order to preserve life for future generations, we must preserve the soil. Conservation and research are the keys to the future. Conservation and improving soil quality will prevent food shortages in the future. The quality of food today has decreased to dangerously low levels. In spite of increased knowledge about nutrition and advancements in medicine, people today are not as healthy as previous generations. We suffer from nutrient deficiencies related to the poor quality of soil."

Tags:minerals, malnutrition, restoration, biotechnology

Abstract
This paper argues the environmental dangers of stream bank erosion, and that. if left unattended, it affects the soil fertility, the quality of the community's drinking water, and endangers the survival of many forms of aquatic species. It offers a solution by growing vegetation alongside the banks to prevent erosion.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Factors Causing Erosion
Impact of Erosion
Remedy for Erosion
Bank Side Plantings
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Streambank erosion is one of the important and often neglected environmental problems. If not properly maintained the river and the stream banks can be easily eroded by the sheer force of the flowing water during the heavy raining season. The precarious situation, which results as a consequence of erosion, cannot be taken lightly. It is these stream and rivers, which replenish the water needs of the people. Conservation of this vital natural source is an important task and the responsibility lies with man. Let us now briefly analyze the problem of stream bank erosion and the remedial solution."

Tags:aquatic, species, fertility, conservation

Abstract
In the states of Wisconsin and Georgia, geographical studies have helped experts gain better knowledge of the vegetation, soil, and climate in the regions tested. In order to give an idea of the specific approach that studies have adopted, this paper considers Waycross in Georgia and Madison in Wisconsin. In assessing the climate, soil, and vegetation in these areas, the paper deciphers the similarities and differences between the two regions.

From the Paper
"Roadways that are constructed or repaired in urban and suburban activity experience loss of resource at much higher rates. Research reveals that without vegetative protection erosion takes place much quicker. It is estimated that without proper vegetative cover, erosion may exceed 350 tons per acre annually in this region. Erosion at Madison isn't as much as it is at Waycross, and hence agriculture isn't affected negatively. Employment in the agricultural industry does not suffer the way that it does at Waycross (Arnalds, 1995)."

Tags:dendrology, foreste, piedmont, erosion

Abstract
This paper discusses how the Conservation Reserve Program is a government sponsored soil retention program that strives to preserve millions of acres of American land, and to protect these areas from the threat of topsoil erosion. The Conservation Reserve Program, or CRP as it is sometimes referred, was officially established by the introduction of the 1985 farm bill. The paper focuses on the soil protection programs and discusses the effects of soil erosion on our society through a literature review. The paper concludes with the benefits of the program and its substantial environmental benefits.

From the Paper
"While the CRP has only been in operation for just over 20 years, we have already seen substantial environmental benefits as a result of the program. The huge amount of vegetation planted for ground cover has acted as a highly effective carbon sink, removing tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and replacing it with oxygen. Another important benefit of the CRP is the increased water quality as a result of the program. According to research conducted by The Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, the use of filter strips and buffer strips helped keep countless tons of sediment and approximately 278 million pounds of nitrogen, and 59 million pounds of phosphorous from entering our water systems in 2007. The CRP's main goal of soil erosion control has also been extremely successful. Since 1985 the CRP has reduced soil erosion by approximately 450 million tons per year. This reduction in erosion has led to increased air quality by reducing the amount of airborne dust significantly. "

Tags:soil, erosion, wildlife

Abstract
This paper explains that urban sprawl and the ever increasing population of the United States is causing one million acres of farmland to be paved over each year in order to build roads. The author points out that the American Farmland Trust (ATF) has been instrumental in developing many policies that that focus on farmland protection and local food systems. The paper relates that paving causes the urban heat island effect (UHI), which occurs when a metropolitan area is significantly warmer than its surroundings. The author underscores that paving impacts the natural seepage of rainwater at the soil surface and creates more soil erosion. The paper states that paving reduces the total area through which the soil absorbs rainwater causing more flooding and decreasing the amount of water in natural aquifers.

From the Paper
"Soil erosion is the gradual wearing away of land surface materials, especially rocks, sediments, and soils, by the action of water, wind, or a glacier. Erosion also involves the transport of eroded material from one place to another, as from the top of a mountain to an adjacent valley, or from the upstream portion of a river to the downstream portion. Soil erosion can cause the top soil to be removed from farmlands which has the nutrients for the crops to grow. Also erosion can cause stream and ditch bank erosion which can result in the undermining of structures such as bridges or roads."

Tags:undermining farmland aquifers, urban sprawl, heat island effect

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that forests are one of the most important natural resources. They play an important role in world industry and economy. However, the writer points out that they are also an important factor in global ecosystem. The writer discusses that forests provide habitat for numerous plant and animal species. They are crucial for production of oxygen and removal of CO2 from the atmosphere, prevention soil erosion and renewal of freshwater resources.

From the Paper
"Almost one half of Canadian landscape is covered in forests that extend from the one coast to the other (Dufour, 267). According to the 2001 inventory, the Canadian landmass covered in forests was 402.1 million ..."

Tags:resources, management

Abstract
For several decades, many Americans have been aware that the rainforests of Central and South America are shrinking as well as the fact that the lost of significant amounts of rainforest could well have a negative effect on the entire world as well as the immediate areas in and near the former forests. This paper examines how the environmental issue of rainforest loss, with its accompanying soil erosion, contamination of the water table and loss of biodiversity, is caused by many factors that interplay with each other.

Outline
Introduction
Deforestation
Cultural Contributions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Consideration of humankind's impact on the rainforests should begin with the people who have the longest histories there. The indigenous peoples of these rainforest lived for millennia without doing unrecoverable ecological damage (Barnham & Coomes, 1997), even though "slash and burn" farming was a traditional way of life. In "slash and burn" agriculture, the people simply cut down the wooded area and/or burn the vegetation off so they can use the land for their own agricultural purposes (Morrison, 2001). When these groups of people farmed in this manner, however, they moved on to new areas when the land became depleted. Gradually, the rainforest reclaimed the disused farmland, reducing the impact of this farming approach (Morrison, 2001). "

Tags:biodiversity, deforestation

Abstract
This paper discusses how Uganda shows all the traits of a developing country. It looks at how it faces the many environmental problems common to many developing countries, such as deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion, invasions by introduced species, poaching and wetland draining. It also discusses how the Ugandan population is not very healthy, with a low life expectancy, due to HIV infection and deaths from simple (treatable) illnesses, such as malaria and meningitis. It analyzes what exactly development means for Uganda and its people and how development is composed of more than just economics. It looks at how political and cultural changes should also be taken into account as well.

From the Paper
"Too much of development is ideas imposed from the outside by people "who know best", which is very much a patronizing attitude from the very people that are supposedly trying to help (especially in these worrying times where speaking about "regime change" is rarely challenged). People in developing countries are not stupid, they are just disadvantaged financially, which in this day and age, where money speaks louder than anything, even louder than the deaths of children from untreated diarrhea, is admittedly a hindrance, but not an insurmountable obstacle, if only they were given a fair chance: Fair Trade, a fair deal on the price of drugs from multinational drug companies, a fair hearing when help is needed desperately (Remember when Rwanda begged for coverage of its tribal warfare, and no-one would cover it? Remember when Colombia had three thousand deaths in an earthquake " which incidentally destroyed the coffee region for three years " and no-one listened)."

Tags:HIV, disease, death, politics, culture, economics

Abstract
The paper examines how a rise in tourism in certain areas eventually affects the environment of the place, causing problems. The paper uses several examples of places around the globe where tourists frequently spend their time and shows how this trend has affects the environment. Places and problems examined include soil erosion in the Philippines due the the higher demand for flush toilets, the death of seagulls in Lancaster, PA, who mistake mass parking lots for water sources and the loss of firewood in Nepal due to the over-use by hikers. The paper also explores ways in which the tourism industry can strive to become more environmentally friendly to avoid problems in the future.

From the Paper
"Without a precise zoning guideline, residents and developers can cross usages and designs without regard to the bigger picture. For example, a resort could go in next to a farm. In Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, for example, a farm was sold and used for an outlet center. The farm had been located at a major intersection so it was a prime commercial site. However, now the traffic there is astronomical. The foot traffic has increased as well. The pollution level has been raised greatly. The number of accidents at that intersection has risen. Farmland has been lost."

Tags:vegetation, rural, contaminated, eco-tourism, traffic, Urban, Environmental, Management