Abstract This paper analyzes the socialroles of the hero in "The Iliad" by Homer. It shows the impact of the grim facts of war in relation to death and life and how this produces an increased socialrole in life. The paper defines the socialrole of Hector as a hero who is an ethical defender of his family through civic responsibility. It also shows how the socialrole of gift giving is also a part in the heroic code, as honor becomes the central catalyst for the heroic portrayals provided by Homer in "The Iliad."
From the Paper "With this loss, Achilles eventually fights Hector and kills him. He then disgracefully drags his body after his chariot because his rage has fully consumed. Achilles has lost any kind of sanity he had since his clash with Agamemnon, which has been the social fabric of the heroic code that is the result of a dishonorable gift giving exchange. The cycle of military honor has been made complete, enforcing the sense of social norms that created the plot dynamics and the sense of honor in battle. Now, Achilles appears to care little for living any longer, since his closest friend is now dead. The social forces of military honor have created the basis of a heroic code for Achilles, which along with hector, provide the duty that a warrior must abide by to gain the respect and loyalty of his family, friends, and fellow soldiers."
Abstract This paper analyzes the heroic code of honor in Homer's "The Iliad" by examining the socialroles of Hector and Achilles within the construct of familial and military culture. The paper defines the socialrole of Hector as a hero and as an ethical defender of his family through civic responsibility. The paper looks at the socialrole of gift giving as a part in the heroic code, because honor becomes the central catalyst for the heroic portrayals provided by Homer in "The Iliad". The paper then points out that Achilles also abides by strong ethic towards honor, which invariably creates a social impact on his actions after Patroklos is killed. In conclusion, the paper shows that the impact of these social norms drive Achilles and Hector toward the extreme violence of war, which ultimately ends in their deaths.
From the Paper "The encounter between Hector and Andromache during the battle reflects a Homeric process, which allows for a union between family that is compassionate and not driven necessarily by a cold and calculating necessity for war on the part of the soldier. In this manner, Homer is projecting a socially responsible man in Hector that respects social traditions military and within the family unit. Andromache is a wife that shows concern, and only wishes for her husband to stay with her and not die in battle with the Aecheans. In this manner, Hector is not only questing to find solace in his wife's love for him, but actually seeks to be consoled before entering into the main thicket of war outside the Trojan City."
Tags: war, soldier, greek, battle, Achilles, death, Trojan
Abstract This paper discusses how changing socialroles can be seen in the way more women work outside the home today. The paper suggests that the way this change is taking place and how it affects human relations can be analyzed using social exchange theory. The paper also discusses how the evidence shows some uncertainty as to how marriage has been affected by this shift in socialroles, looks at whether this shift has a beneficial or harmful effect on marriage and explains how social exchange theory can suggest reasons for each possibility.
From the Paper "The work of George Homans is tied to the psychological behaviorism of B.F. Skinner while the work of Peter Blau is more influenced by Simmel, but both Homans and Blau express concerns about the reliance of functionalism on values and norms to explain social behavior. Homans' sociology is individualistic and involves an attempt to build a theory of social life beginning with the basic behavioristic propositions of B.F. Skinner's psychology of operant conditioning. Homans believed that in everyday social interaction, individuals will act to gain rewards and avoid punishment."
Abstract This paper discusses how Allison uses rhetorical strategies to show the danger of classification by social status. It explains how the author discusses socialroles as they relate to a child growing up in South Carolina in the 1950s when socialroles were much more defined.
From the Paper "In this passage Allison shows that the Boatwrights discriminate against others just as they are discriminated against due to social rank. Grey and Earl hate the black children even though they have never talked. The boys take pride in the fact that the black children are afraid of them and that their parents force them to stay inside, so that there will not be trouble among the children. Regardless of the anger they feel when members of society differentiate them, the white trash, from themselves, the wealthy, they in turn do the same thing to black people, who are by race viewed as substandard because solely of their genetic background."
Abstract This paper details the published research findings which state that there are four basic types of abusers. The writer of this paper explores the various theories that claim child abuse is in fact based on social, environmental and structural factors including economic status, cultural values, social isolation and lack of a community support system. The writer contends and explains why cultural norms are a significant cause of child abuse. The writer of this paper emphasizes the need for early intervention to both identify and combat cases of child abuse. The writer also stresses the importance of understanding the social causes of child abuse which can then help treat the abuser and prevent abuse from both occurring and escalating.
Table of Contents:
The Types of Abusers
The Social Systems Theory
Socialization/Role Strain Theory
The Social Interaction Theory
The Religious Theory
Other Social Phenomena
Intervention
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Research and studies on child abuse and abusers indicate there are four basic types of abuser. The "accelerator" sees the child as having some kind of negative affect. (The child may remind them of a former spouse, or be inadvertently blamed for the break-up of a relationship). The abuser may take out their anger and frustration at these situations on the child. The "mediator" has some kind of reason that rationalizes the abuse, such as Biblical passages or "folk" wisdom that seem to support some kind of harsh discipline ("spare the rod and spoil the child"). In the "brakes" abuser, the abuser cannot control their actions and impulses and so allow their impulses to rule over their common sense.
Finally, the "reinforcer" finds some kind of emotional payoff from the abuse. They feel more in control, they can ignore other problems in their life, etc."
Abstract This essay analyzes a game of soccer in which I was engaged with a group of people in the context of Erving Goffman's The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life and Thomas J. Scheff's "Shame and Conformity: The Deference-Emotion System." In examining my experience of losing the game of soccer, I realized that, even in non-idealized settings, socialization is often strengthened. For, the soccer game was lost, but even this mode of failed performance only served to reinforce socialization not only through the emotions of shame and pride, but also through the socialroles enacted in accordance with failing to win the game.
Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes The National Association of Social Workers' ((NASW) code of ethics, examining both the the socialrole of social workers and the power they hold over the lives of their clients.
From the Paper "Reading over the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) code of ethics, one is struck by the gap between their high-sounding moral pronouncements about appropriate treatment of clients and fellow workers and the social function of social workers in America. Karl Marx said something to the effect that charity serves to assuage the guilty consciences of the elite while never changing the conditions that generate poverty. While even Marx would probably not deny the indisputable good that social workers provide in enhancing the survival..."
Abstract In this article, the writer compares and contrasts the works 'Iliad' by Homer and 'Works and Days' by Hesiod. This consideration of the works shows that they are different. The writer notes that the differences are based on the 'Iliad' being written based on the ideologies of the higher classes of Athens, while 'Works and Days' was written based on the reality for the lower classes. The writer concludes that the works share several common characteristics, with these linked to the fact that the books were written around the same time and as part of the same culture. However, there are also significant differences in the works. The writer maintains that this is due to the fact that the two books represent the two very different social classes at the time.
From the Paper "Before considering the difference in the works, it is useful to first consider what qualities they share. The main similarities in the works are the obvious ones. This is that both are written by Greeks and so both reflect Ancient Greece culture. The second is that both were written around the same time, close to 700 BC. These two factors lead to the works sharing several aspects, even though they are about vastly different subjects. These similarities are to be expected and are based on the shared culture reflected in both works. One of the first features noted in the works is that they are both written in the style of epic poetry. Epic poetry was a style of literature that developed in Ancient Greece. The development of epic poetry was also closely linked to the Greek oral tradition. In fact, the Iliad is considered to have been written by Homer centuries after the Trojan War that is the subject of the work. In addition, Homer is thought to have created the work based on oral myths that had been passed down from generation to generation after the end of the Trojan War."
Abstract This paper analyzes several issues raised in Homer's epic poem "The Iliad." The role of the many characters is described as well as their functions in the poem. The author defines why this work is considered an epic. A major focus of this paper is the theme of loss, and its many instances as presented in the work. These situations of loss were seen from personal loss to loss that involved the Greeks as a nation. Finally, the author discusses the Greek view of war as portrayed in the poem.
From the Paper "If the "Iliad" denied the need for war entirely on a societal level, then the ravings of ugly men who encourage mob revolt and departure, would be validated. The need for defense is acknowledged by the structure of the text, and Achilles' refusal to fight has negative rather than positive results. The amoral gods make sure that the fight continues, and cannot be resolved by either peaceful diplomacy or even more limited action at the hands of the suitors of Helen. But by structuring the text as he does, the poet Homer makes a poem that is a testimony to war, also a powerful anti-war epic, as it begins and ends with morally ambiguous situations where the lines between enemies are blurred. The book begins with a quarrel between to supposed allies, and ends with peace between two men who are still technically enemies, both of whom are contemplating their own likely deaths in the coming months or years."
Abstract This paper looks at Homer's epic poem," Iliad" and Simone Weil's essay on "The Iliad, or a Poem of Might." It discusses how Weil's 20th Century commentary on the epic demonstrates a way of validating the relevance of Homer's text to contemporary sensibilities and experience.
From the Paper "This research provides a comparison and contrast of Homer's epic poem The Iliad and Simone Weil's essay The Iliad or a Poem of Might. The research will set forth the cultural context for the pattern of ideas in the work of origin and then discuss ways in..."
Abstract A study of two killings of young warriors form the crux of the military drama in the battle between the Trojans and Latins. These killings in Homer's 'The Iliad' and Virgil's 'The Aeneid', despite their similarities, are viewed in entirely different ways from a literary perspective. The Aeneid is in many ways a re-tread of Homer's Iliad, and Turnus? killing of Pallas is reminiscent of Homer's Patroklos being cut down in his prime by Hector. In keeping with this comparison, before his death, Pallas begins the battle of Book Ten by helping Aeneas, leading on the battle, and enabling Aeneas to gain a great advantage in the war. This comparison between the two works of literature is also indirectly reinforced when the Latin soldier Liger refers to the great warriors of the Greeks with disdain when taunting the Trojans.
From the Paper "At the beginning of Book Ten of the Aeneid, Jupiter washes his hands of interfering in the affairs of men. ?What each man does will shape his trial and fortune.? (X.160) This could very well provide an epitaph for the entire chapter. In this chapter, two killings of young warriors form the crux of the military drama in the battle between the Trojans and Latins. But these killings despite their similarities are viewed in entirely different ways from a literary perspective. What does this statement mean? According to the point of view of the ancient Romans, all killing was hardly considered bad or brutal. Warfare and military prowess was a way of life. But not all murders were created equal. This can be seen in a comparison of Aeneas? killing of Lausus (X, 703-832; 943-1141) with Turnus' killing of Pallas (X, 501-702)."
Abstract This paper discusses the epic poem, "The Iliad" by Homer. The main character of the epic poem, Achilles, is analyzed in depicting how shame plays a large in how he reacts to romantic issues that arise during the war. It shows that by presenting Homer's text to support shame as a key theme in Achilles' behaviors, one can realize the power of the epic poem form to bring about tragedy and loss within this tale of war and treachery. It looks at how the concept of shame is a powerful plot theme that runs through "The Iliad", driving it with underlying force and emotion.
Abstract This paper discusses the Iliad of Homer which depicts a world in which gods and mortals interacted in everyday life on levels of extraordinary intimacy. The essay argues that we cannot understand the action of the Iliad without appreciating the importance of the interrelationship of the mortal and the divine. The paper discusses the events of the Trojan war as they are represented by Homer, as being not only a conflict between humans but also a conflict between the gods of Olympus.
Abstract The paper discusses the concept of honor in Homer's "The Iliad" and Virgil's "The Aeneid."
From the Paper ""The Iliad" and "The Aeneid" are undoubtedly two of the greatest epics ever written. They form part of the foundation from which the entire western classical tradition was erected and are considered to be among the world's canonical masterpieces. Both epics are focused on the exploits of a man who is half-god and half-mortal, in "The Iliad" the Greek hero Achilles is the focal point of the narrative; in "The Aeneid" the Roman hero Aeneas is the principal actor."
Abstract The paper shows how from childhood, people are already influenced by cultural standards outlining expected behavior and social expectations. The paper discusses how men and men's roles are typically associated with strength and dangerous occupations while women and women's roles are more often associated with tenderness, care and nurturing pursuits. The paper also looks at how media commercials promote both negative and positive gender roles. The paper concludes that fortunately, this trend of gender socialization is changing as society is becoming more liberal in the roles played by both men and women.
From the Paper "According to Wayne W, Margaret A L (2005, p.334), the words gender and sex are used to mean almost the same things. However they have different meanings, the term sex can be said to refer to the anatomical structure of the reproductive organ while gender refer to the social and psychological condition. Gender socialization happens when people are taught cultural roles based on their sex. Boys and girls are treated differently by people in their own environment like parents, siblings and caregivers. This provides a forum whereby individuals learn the difference between boys and girls, women and men (Charlotte K, Ann, S. S. 2006, 78). Parents also contribute to gender socialization by having gender based expectations for their children. For instance, giving children gender-specific toys like baby toys to girls and a toy tractor to a boy."
