Abstract The paper discusses the sociallearningtheory and differential association theory, with empirical evidence for both. The paper offers views of various theorists, including Bandura and Braithwaite. The paper explores the connection to criminal justice and restorative justice.
From the Paper "The following essay presents a description of social learning theory and differential association theory, along with empirical evidence for both. The role of structural variables to include social disorganization and anomie influences are discussed. Social Learning Theory: Social learning theory provides a focus on learning that occurs within a social context. Albert Bandura is the foremost promoter of this theory."
Abstract This paper discusses schoolshootings in America, focusing on the case of Luke Woodham and his violent acts in October of 1998. The paper explains that this case is used as an example of criminal acts that are conducted by children and the case is examined through sociallearningtheory. The paper explores the foundations of sociallearningtheory and arguments against this theory in relation to schoolshootings are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper examines how sociallearningtheory can be used as a predictor of schoolviolence and then discusses the prevention techniques that have been offered and that must be implemented in order to address the issue. In conclusion, the paper shows that for the criminal justice system and society as whole it is evident that the only answer to schoolshootings and violence is to begin to work together in a manner that allows for preventative measures to be taken and for children to once again have faith that the adults who are supposed to protect them will and that the world that is supposed to be supportive of them will function to accomplish that mission.
From the Paper "In the case of Woodham and the murders that occurred in Mississippi, it is evident that the conditions described through social learning theory existed and that these conditions contributed to the actions taken by the juvenile. For example, early in his life Woodham became engrossed in the philosophy used by Hitler. It was not difficult for Woodham to witness the results of Hitler's philosophies, as those results are consistently present in the social order as a matter of social history. Woodham was capable of retaining these events because they were constantly reinforced through exposure to the ideas discussed in relation to Hitler through the people that he knew and the studies that he personally conducted."
Abstract Sociallearningtheory states that people learn a behavior by imitating others and receiving rewards for this emulation. The paper describes the ways in which this theory is put into play in the way parents raise their children. The writer explains how sociallearningtheory is used to understand the differences in levels and types of aggressive behavior, as well as the influences of race, gender and family structure.
From the Paper "Bandura, a major proponent of social learning theory, states that the personality is learned within a social context, with the reciprocal interaction between the environment, the behavior, and the person (reciprocal determinism). The reciprocal determinism paradigm includes self-regulatory behavior, self-observation, judgmental processes, and self-response. Bandura's theory proposes that the personality is learned through the process of observation and imitation, symbols are used to achieve this phenomonen, and people are the self-regulators in the complex interaction with the environment (Corsini, 1977, p. 422; Feist, 1985, pp. 266-267, 270-284)."
Tags: parenting, imitation, reward, emulation, environment, social
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses concepts relating to sociallearning. The writer examines the various ways in which different people function within society. The writer points out that Bandura had a particular theory regarding this concept, and determined that the individual's behavior was the result of the manner that the person processed information based on cognitive and environmental influences.
From the Paper "Various theorists have attempted to develop concepts on how individuals within the social order learn. This has been an important topic because of the manner in which different people function within society. For example, the habitual criminal may not always learn from a jail sentence that his or her conviction related to crime was a result of the individual's behavioral patterns that may have been learned in childhood. Yet, if this is the case, criminal justice entities, as well as psychological therapists have a method of understanding the behavior and treating it."
This paper looks at violent acts committed by children, focusing on the issue of schoolshootings. This matter is examined through sociallearningtheory.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses schoolshootings in the U.S., focusing on the case of Luke Woodham at his violent acts in October of 1998. The writer explains that this case is used as an example of criminal acts that are conducted by children and the case is examined through sociallearningtheory. The foundations of sociallearningtheory are therefore explored and arguments against this theory in relation to schoolshootings are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper examines how sociallearningtheory can be used as a predictor of schoolviolence and the prevention techniques that have been offered and that must be implemented in order to address the issue. Finally, the response of the criminal justice system to schoolshootings is explored and conclusions are drawn based on the evidence. The writer concludes that the paper is significant because it examines a serious social issue that affects all members of the social order.
From the Paper "These reinforcements may occur through media, social group beliefs or through philosophies shared by others within the home. Reinforcements suggest that acts of aggression are acceptable, which leads to support for the motivation in committing criminal activity.
"Although it may be suggested by some within the social order that social learning theory can be used as a tool to blame television, movies or video games on the violent acts that are committed by youth, those applying the theory fail to see the complete cycle of events that lead to school shootings. Furthermore, it must be understood that this cycle of events that are discussed in social learning theory occur over an extended period of time, building to the moment of action. Therefore, social learning theory has the ability of not only identifying children that have been negatively impacted by their environment, but also using the information known regarding what affects children negatively to change their lives before violence occurs."
Abstract This paper dicusses the effects of media violence on children. The paper explains that with children, the perception of the model to which they are exposed to, leads to the imitation and learning of that social model. In particular, the paper looks at how one of the important behavioral theories that actually explain this phenomena, is the sociallearningtheory of media violence presented by Albert Bandura.
From the Paper " Bandura's formulation of the theory of social learning in media violence has also served many other researchers like Huesmann, who advanced Bandura's formulation by holding that young television viewers develop a mode of understanding violence as they watch violent action on the screen. According to Huesmann, in the "script theory" of the effects of television violence, the viewers develop a script "that guides their expectations in relevant situations-in this case, expectations about what produces aggression as well as expectations about the likely consequences of this behavior-and thus provides a strategy for dealing with certain problems" (as cited in Berkowitz, 1993 p. 230). "
Abstract Rape has a number of definitions and traditionally rape is defined as the forced, non consensual, penetrative vaginal sex. This paper aims to discuss the causation behind this cruel and obscene violation to a person's self, using the most popular theory of rape; the sociallearningtheory. It begins with a generalisation of the theory with reference to Bandura, of which the theory is based upon followed by an explanation of how this theory relates to and provides a cause for the unlawful act.
The main theme throughout is pornography and how this may or may not have a direct effect upon people, particularly men who rape. It also discusses the impact of culture, society, aggression theories and feminism.
From the Paper "The social learning theory is a general theory of human behaviour, a variant of Behaviourism which looks at the way in which certain behaviour is acquired. Social learning theory, however, pays greater attention to the concept of human development and moreover recognises substantially the role of social reinforcements in explaining how these behaviours are learned. The basic proposition is that the same learning process in a context of social structure, situation and interaction, generates both conforming and deviant behaviour."
Abstract This paper discusses the recent outbreak of schoolshootings in the United States. The paper focuses on the Columbine Massacre, by going over the events of the day leading up to the shooting. This essay also outlines the parallels between the schoolshootings with the novel "Lord of the Flies", by Sir William Golding.
From the Paper "In the past four years, violence in schools has, unfortunately, become a very frequent news topic.There have been fifteen cases of school violence everywhere from Bethel, Alaska, where a 16-year old student killed another student and the schools? principal, to Jonesboro, Arkansas where two boys who were 11 and 13, shot and killed four girl students and a teacher. One of the most recent cases of a deadly school shooting happened in Littleton, Colorado, on April 20, 1999. This was probably the most infamous, and the deadliest of all the cases of school violence in U.S. history."
Abstract This paper explores the ecology theory and sociallearningtheory as they apply to child maltreatment. The paper develops a concept of how each theory applies to the origins and maintenance of child maltreatment. It then goes on to discuss each theory in critical analysis and in application to child maltreatment. The paper also provides a comparison and contrast of the two theories and discusses the evidence that detracts from each theory.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Origins and Maintenance of Child Maltreatment
Theory Critical Analysis
TheoryApplication to Child Maltreatment
Comparison and Contrast
Summary of Empirical Evidence
From the Paper "Most empirical evidence supporting both social learning theory and ecology theory as they apply to child maltreatment are relatively contemporary to the development of the base theories themselves. It is safe to say that some research provided sustainable theory correlation while other research challenged the basic tenants and broad concepts of the theory. (Bornstein, 1995) For the most part it has been concluded by empirical research in the present and recent past that there are far more factors involved in the presence or absence of child maltreatment that was previously believed and that biology and environment (social and physical) play an important role. It would not be surprising to me if the concepts associated with ecology theory were applied anew to social concerns relating to child maltreatment as such a trend is likely to elicit new understandings and possibilities for research and prevention. The basic tenant of the empirical evidence of the present is that there is no magic, single answer to why some maltreat their children and even against all odds some do not. The pressures of society, play a significant role in child maltreatment as do many other core and nominal factors, such as previous maltreatment and or ignorance to appropriate care."
Abstract This paper reviews the case of Bill, who was consistently exposed to his father's alcoholism and abuse. Moreover, Bill's father appeared to support Bill's behavior by allowing him excessive freedom that no other children in the neighborhood enjoyed. Consequently Bill was not punished for his action, but rewarded for them. This allowed Bill to believe that he was supported in his actions, which were generally accepted by Bill's peers. Therefore, Bill learned from his social environment that his criminal activity was acceptable. This corresponds with the subcultural theory of crime which relates to young criminal offenders. The paper first discusses the sociallearningtheory whereby the individual will begin to develop his criminal behavior based upon learning from others and mirroring the behavior. In most cases this theory is associated with groups or gang activity. However, the individual can also be affected by family.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the sociallearningtheory at the outset, and analyzes the statement of whether sociallearning does have an impact on criminal activities and on deviant behaviors. Next, the writer analyzes the culture conflict theory, with suitable examples, to find the inter-relationship that may exist between culture conflicts and criminal behaviors. The paper then discusses conflict in detail and looks at what role culture and conflict play in determining and leading to criminal behaviors and activities. The writer concludes that sociallearningtheory and culture conflict theory both have an impact on criminal activity, criminal behaviors, and on the manner in which society responds to criminal behavior as far as prevention and punishment are concerned.
From the Paper "In order to compare and contrast the social learning theory, culture conflict theory and criminal activity, one must, at the outset delve into what exactly social learning theory is comprised of, and what its important tenets are. First, social learning theory proposes that an individual would be able to learn by observing others around him; that is, observance of people's behaviors, and also the observance of the outcomes of those behaviors. Learning can occur, states the theory, without a change in behavior. It must be remembered that behaviorists often state that learning will be represented by a change in behaviors, but according to social learning theorists, it is possible for people to learn completely through observation alone, and that this learning need not necessarily show through in their performances, in any capacity. What this in essence means is that learning need not lead to changes in behavior. Third, social learning theorists feel that cognition plays a very important in learning."
Abstract This paper discusses how training in the work place can be enhanced by sociallearningtheory. It explores the importance of knowing how employees learn to help organizations develop effective training programs that achieve the desired outcome. The author expands on various approaches to work place training including apprenticeships, peer-to-peer learning and Web-based training.
From the Paper "Companies regularly invest in upgrading their capital equipment factories, modernized computers are upgraded, newer equipment is installed. Yet one of a company's most important assets, its employees ..."
Abstract In this article, the writer looks at various learningtheories. The writer discusses the subject of learning as both a process and product. The relation to behavior theory is also examined in this paper. The writer looks at the views of Skinner and others. Further, the writer discusses learning and social constructivism.
From the Paper "What is learning and how do human beings learn? These questions have been asked and answered by diverse theories. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss some of the major theories of leaning. However as noted by Uljens, each theoretical orientation to learning has a somewhat different definition. In this regard, Uljens notes that learning has been defined as 'A cognitive process in which one acquires skill of knowledge'. A process by which relatively permanent changes occur in behavioral ... "
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts cognitive development and learningtheory. The paper first describes the concepts of each theory. Then the paper examines how the two theories differ in their orientation and focus. Finally, the paper discusses ways in which the two theories overlap.
From the Paper "This research paper presents a comparison of cognitive development and learning theory. Articles from recent professional literature pertaining to the two theories are reviewed and findings related to the theories..."
