Abstract
This paper discusses how history has traditionally taught students that the Atlantic slave trade was about the capture and torture of African people by Europeans and Americans over a 400-year period. The involvement of the African people in the sale of their own citizens to slave traders has only been explored in the last few decades. The paper further discusses how this is perhaps due to the fact that the realization that a nation would sell its own people in exchange for goods is almost unfathomable; yet, it is a realistic fact of the Atlantic slave trade. The reasons behind Africa's involvement in this manner include economics, fear and a struggle for power. Although some historians contend that these reasons expressed monumental concerns of the rulers of Africa, it is also apparent that not all rulers of the regions believed that selling their citizens was a just course for the nation.

Tags:atlantic, slave, trade

Abstract
The paper discusses how the Atlantic slave trade involved the abduction of Africans by white colonists who needed their labour in other parts of the world, notably the Caribbean possessions which they had taken, as well as Brazil and North America. The paper describes how millions of Africans were transported in brutal conditions, by whites who were so secure in their supremacy that they were content to treat human beings worse than we would treat animals today. The paper relates that the trade did not end until a groundswell of feeling in Europe in the 19th century led to its abolition.

From the Paper
"The Atlantic slave trade involved the abduction of Africans by white colonists who needed their labour in other parts of the world, notably the Caribbean possessions which they had taken, as well as Brazil and North America. Millions of Africans were transported in brutal conditions, by whites who were so secure in their supremacy that they were content to treat human beings worse than we would treat animals today. The trade did not end until a groundswell of feeling in Europe in the 19th century led to its abolition. The Atlantic slave trade refers to the widespread transporting of Africans..."

Tags:slave, trade, caribbean

Abstract
The paper explores the historical uncertainty and explains that despite this, researchers and historians have grasped upon incomplete and historically narrow bits of evidence to support claims of the demographic effect (or lack thereof) of the Atlantic slave trade. This essay examines some of the difficulties associated with the demographic study of the Atlantic slave trade.

From the Paper
"Despite being centuries old, much controversy still surrounds the study of the Atlantic slave trade. The trade occurred between the mid 15th century and the late 19th century (Manning 835). During this period, large numbers of Africans were imported to other parts of the world, particularly the Americas, where they served as a slave labor force in the plantation economies of the region. While study of this period seems to be a straightforward proposition, in reality there are difficulties. From a demographic perspective, it is entirely unclear exactly how many Africans were taken as slaves as part of the trade. It is also uncertain how many slaves made it to their destination alive."

Tags:atlantic, slave, trade

Abstract
This paper endeavors to explore the impact of the slave trade on West Africa. It examines how the historical injustices of the slave trade have undeniably affected West Africa detrimentally in the political, economic and social arenas. It details the recent discussions by leaders of nations historically involved in the slave trade as they determine what reparations can be made to the victims of this inhumane practice. It gives an historical overview of the slave trade in general and specifically in West Africa.

From the Paper
"Before embarking on the political, economic and social fallout of the slave trade on West Africa, it is important to give a brief description of this blight in history. From the middle of the 15th century, the Portuguese initiated the slave trade. They were followed by the Spaniards and at a lengthier period (1562) by the British. Then in rapid succession by the Dutch (approximately 1620), the French (approximately 1640), the Swedes, Danes and Prussians, before culminating in its most awful activities in the 18th century (Morel, E.D., 1920, 4). Foreigners conducted wholly unprovoked attacks on African villages and kidnapped the young people who were strong enough to work their sugar and coffee plantations as well as for domestic servitude in their homes. The export of Africans to the New World furnished the workforce for the colonial plantations and mines whose yield (gold, silver and, most importantly, sugar, cocoa, cotton, tobacco and coffee) were the principal components of global commerce (MBokolo, E., 1998, 2). The horror of the Africans being torn from their homes and their families is matched only by the horror of the number of Africans who perished in the course of transportation on the slave ships
" the slaves could not turn around, were wedged immovably, in fact, and chained to the deck by the neck and legs".not infrequently would go mad before dying of suffocation".in their frenzy some killed others in the hopes of procuring more room to breathe".men strangled those next to them, and women drove nails into each others' brains." (Morel, E.D., 1920, 4)."

Tags:slave, trade, West, Africa, Black, political, social, history

Abstract
This paper explores the topic of slavery in the Islamic world with the intention of showing that, contrary to some popular myths, the slave trade was not a European invention but that there was already a well established industry in this regard prior to European colonization. In this article, the writer relates the contention made in many articles and studies, that the fact of slavery in the Islamic world has not received the same moral criticism and censure as the better known slavery in the European world. Furthermore, the writer notes that scholars also state that not only did Muslim slavery predate European slavery in Africa, but it has also been more resistant to abolition than European slavery; and in some instances the claim is made that the Islamic slave trade provided the model and motivation for slavery for other cultures and nations.

Outline:
Introduction
Evidence of the Pre-Colonial Islamic Slave Trade
The Characteristics of Slavery in Islam
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"The fact of Islamic slavery is further substantiated by the attitude towards slavery from the tenets of the Islamic faith. In Islam and the Koran there is a general acceptance of slavery as part of social life. However this fact should come as no surprise, as slavery is one of human societies most endemic and ancient institutions; and a defense of slavery can, for example, be found in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible as a basic feature of human civilization. Neither were the Islamic nations the first to enslave Africans. Before them the Egyptians enslaved Africans on a large and systematic scale."

Tags:Muslim, enslavement, Islamic, slave, trade

Abstract
This paper discusses the personal perspective of the Atlantic slave trade. The paper discusses how the readers' previous beliefs were significantly altered because the facts that were presented, implicated Africa as a factor in the business of selling human lives. Traditionally students are taught that all citizens of Africa were victims in the slave trade and that the barbaric treatment that millions of Africans experienced was because of the actions of Europeans and Americans greedy for prosperity at any cost. The paper discusses how this historical ideology may be prevalent throughout society, but it is not completely factual. Additionally, it was difficult to accept the fact that individuals throughout Africa would allow the slave trade to continue, despite the fact that their fellow countrymen were being adversely affected.

Tags:atlantic, slave, trade

Abstract
This paper examines the historical facts of the slave trade in West Africa and its impact on the degradation of its society today. The paper illustrates how the European colonial slave trade affects current political, economic and social issues of the region.

From the Paper
"According to recent studies, approximately 24 million Africans were abducted forcibly from West Africa alone and enslaved (Centre for Black & African Arts & Civilization, 2002, 1). This paper endeavors to explore the "impact of the slave trade on West Africa." The historical injustices of the slave trade have undeniably affected West Africa detrimentally in the political, economic and social arenas. The gravity of such a negative impact is what leaders of nations historically involved in the slave trade are discussing as they determine what reparations can be made to the victims of this inhumane practice."

Tags:slave, trade, west, africa, slavery, reparation, political, structure, family, colonial, rwanda

Abstract
This paper offers an in-depth study of Cape Verde's role in African slave trade. It discusses the history behind the migration of Cape Verde's people to the United States.

From the Paper
"The Impact of the American Slave Trade upon Cape Verde and its people. Pope John Paul II made the journey to West Africa and Cape Verde in order to personally apologize for the slave trade as it existed prior to this was a fitting location ..."

Tags:slave trade, cape verde, history

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides an account of Jewish presence in the New World that focuses chiefly on the activities and struggles of immigrant Jews in early America. The writer makes reference to the influence of that period on later Jewish experience in the United States.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the subject of the struggles of Jewish immigrants in the United States to enter the main stream social culture in the country in the context of Protestant domination of American religious culture. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which the distinction between Jews and Protestants in the United States could be discerned as a cultural phenomenon relevant to achieving the American dream and then to discuss the social ..."

Tags:Jews, America, United States, Immigration, Early America, assimilation

Abstract
The West African slave trade to the New World-North and South America-is not by any means the first example of slavery. In fact, the use of slaves for domestic and/or agricultural work has been part of every civilization and complex society from the earliest recorded times. However, when it comes to the scope and organization of the slave trade, nothing in recorded history matches what took place between the 16th and 19th centuries along the Western coast of Africa.

Tags:western, african, slave