Abstract
This paper examines the shortage of staff in the tourism industry, the reasons for it and solutions to it. The author discusses vocational education vs. on-the-job training, asserting that while the latter is preferable, a perfect intertwining of the two would be ideal.

From the Paper
"Global competition is also forcing the industry to raise its professional standards and, subsequently to raise its pay standards. New and better training programs are being developed to help generate a sufficient supply of qualified workers for the tourism industry. Most managers require post-secondary schooling and several years' working experience. Yet a skill shortage continues to exist."

Tags:hotel, restaurant, vocational, education, training

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the difficulty in finding qualified, experienced nurses in the United Kingdom. The paper looks at what is causing this shortage and what can be done to attract and retain the nurses that are so much in demand.

From the Paper
"It is important to understand why a nursing shortage exists. The nursing shortage is basically a product of supply and demand (Rothcock, 2000). The majority of nurses today are over the age of 30. The average practicing nurse is in his or her mid-40s. These nurses will begin to reach retirement age (65) around 2010, leading the nursing retirement wave, and half of the nurse workforce will be eligible to retire over the next two to three decades. In addition, numbers show that nursing school enrollments have been dropping. In a nutshell, this means that the supply of nurses remains low while demand remains high."

Tags:clinical, management, issue, rewarded, needed, satisfied, positions, patients, recruit

Abstract
The paper introduces the problem of a dwindling supply of nurses in the work force while the population requiring nursing services continues to grow. It examines possible reasons why fewer people are entering the nursing profession, including low pay, long hours, little room for advancement and excessive workload. One possible solution, that of attempting to improve these conditions and recruiting heavily, would provide a force of novice nurses. The challenges that novice nurses present, such as inexperience and increased supervisory requirements, are discussed.

From the Paper
"One need only read the newspaper "Classified" ads to realize that employers are trying many clever marketing tactics to attract prospective nurses into their organizations. Many are offering sign-on bonuses, extra benefits and other amenities to attract a limited supply of nurses. As both the general population and the elderly population grow, the number of nurses needed to care for them increases proportionally as well. The number of people choosing to pursue nursing as a career has been on the decline, mainly due to long working hours, low pay, high job stress and other factors."

Tags:elderly, benefits, job, NLN, labor, demand, hospitals, health, experience, medication

Abstract
This paper outlines the reasons for the nursing shortage, and how these problems came about. It also explores some of the measures being taken to reverse the trend.

From the Paper
"The nursing shortage in the United States and throughout the world is reaching staggering proportions. Cooper Statistics show that half the nursing workforce will reach retirement age in years adding to the problem. Between and the average age of registered...."

Tags:nursing shortage, aging, recruitment, icentives

Abstract
This paper looks at the increasing problem in the USA of a reduced number of nurses. The paper explains the reasons for the shortage and provides some recommendations to possible help the situation. The author has also provided a graph illustrating the demand and supply.

Demand
Supply
Educational Preparation of Faculty
Productivity
Ohio Nursing Education and Nursing Shortage
The Problem
Recommendations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The nursing shortage is a serious and growing problem in the United States and globally. Complicating the shortage of registered nursing is the increase of patient census due to the aging baby boomers with increasing medical problems. According to Sreekanth Chaguturu of The New England Journal of Medicine, there are 126,000 unfilled nursing positions in U.S. hospitals. Compounding this problem is declining enrollment in nursing programs and nursing faculty. Increasing demands on nurses partially as a result of the nursing shortage have led to career burnout with 20% of nurses retiring early. The Department of Health and Human Services projects that by 2020, the shortage of registered nurses in relation to demand will reach 29 percent, with more than 1 million nursing positions open. (Sreekanth, C, et al. 2005) The concerning interpretation of the graph below is the equilibrium of the nursing shortage and supply. The nursing shortage problem has spanned over 20 years and during no point in the twenty year span has the equilibrium between supply and demand been evident."

Tags:patient, career, faculty

Abstract
This paper explains that the problem space includes the knowledge of the problem, the process for moving problems to goals, the limitation operations for solving the problem and the decision skills for solving the problem. The author stresses that, if the problem solver has difficulty making decisions about the steps in the procedure, then his application of all decision possibilities in the problem space is inhibited. The paper relates that motivation may serve as a catalyst to creativity causing a need for complex stimulation, a need to communicate ideas or concepts, or a need to solve complicated problems; to be creative, one must view problems, ideas, situations and concepts from a variety of new and insightful directions.


Table of Contents
Structuring the Approach to a Problem
Real Life Problem Solving
Problem Space
Creativity
Practical Applications for Problem Solving

From the Paper
"In the generate-and-test scenario, the problem solver takes the first candidate solution and tests it to see if will satisfy the problem. This technique is best suited for problems with few premises as not to overwhelm the resource allocation for the problem. Another aspect for employing this technique is the need for a formula or algorithm for testing the premise. This type of reasoning suits problems like move problems and map problems. Ideally, each step only has a few alternatives and the wrong choices are quickly identified."

Tags:cognitive, problem, inductive, deductive, space

Abstract
This paper first explains that Mary Louise Pratt's term "contact zone" refers to social spaces where cultures meet, clash and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism. The paper then discusses the problems that tourism can create in the contact zones between tourists and natives. Tourism in the Okavango Delta of Botswana and the Borderlands between Mexico and the U.S. is explored as examples of contact zones. The paper stresses that tourist needs to consider sustainable tourism, where the socio-cultural identity of the natives is protected.

From the Paper
"In places that foster enclave-tourism, the relations of power are very asymmetrical. The tourists have more money and more power, as do the international companies involved in the tourism industry, while the natives assimilate to the tourists and the industry. This assimilation happens because the minority culture wants to appeal to the tourists better. It also happens, and this is seen mostly in the younger generations, because the minorities find themselves wanting to be more like the dominant culture, which makes this case different from that of Poma."

Tags:autoethnographic assimilation minority transculturation, dominant society

Abstract
This paper explains how the single most important industry in Colorado is the tourism industry. It examines the problems to the tourism industry caused by the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the slow-down in spending due to the economic crisis. This paper examines how these factors specifically effect the Colorado tourism industry and what can be done to change this trend.

From the Paper
"These factors have changed the way America travels. Recent studies suggest that people are now traveling closer to home and are using the family car to travel more than they are using commercial transportation (CTO, 2002). While these trends have been bad for the travel and tourism on a national level, these very habits have made Colorado an even more enticing tourist attraction. Colorado was one of very few states that experienced an increase in marketable travel from 2000-2001. During this period travel in Colorado rose from $6.9 billion in 2000 to $7.0 billion in 2001 (CTO, 2002)."

Tags:travel, 9/11, terror, recession

Abstract
This paper describes a problem facing physician assistants, namely that of the growing shortage of physicians that forces them to step in and fill doctors' shoes when they are not trained or experienced to do so.

From the Paper
"One of the most critical issues related to the physician assistant PA profession today is the serious shortage of physicians in the United States. Despite earlier opinions that there would soon be too many physicians it was subsequently found that there were on the contrary not enough. Moreover it soon became clear that even though many medical schools indicated that they would expand class sizes these efforts will probably not have a significant impact on the total number of physicians in this country ..."

Tags:doctor, physician, physician assistant, PA, shortage, problem

Abstract
This paper outlines the current debate regarding the current and persistent nursing shortage in North America. Drawing on four additional sources to validate the severity of the issue, this editorial response to Julie Sochalski's article entitled "Nursing Shortage Redux: Turing the Corner On an Enduring Problem" is designed to showcase the issue itself and then evaluate a number of possible solutions to the problem based upon the suggested courses of action raised in the supporting articles.

From the Paper
"In her article "Nursing Shortage Redux: Turing the Corner On An Enduring Problem", Julie Sochalski suggests that nursing as a profession has unexpectedly reached a critical point in its evolution within the United States. The consequences of an aging population combined with the lure of..."

Tags:nursing, shortage, retention