This paper describes how patriarchal protection or authority both liberate and debilitate the female characters in Aphra Behn's "SirPatientFancy" and "The FeignedCourtesans".
Abstract This paper looks at these two plays by Aphra Behn and shows how she was a radical writer in her times. Focusing on the sexual liberty of women, she created characters that were not suppressed by the male patriarchy and she wrote of the erotic nature that the women possessed. The plays are analyzed for these themes.
From the Paper "Depicting sexually liberalized women the two plays in question, underscore and criticize the patriarchal system of society where a double standard of judgment is applied to the behavioral codes of men and women. Under the guise of protection the women are seduced but then by an ironic set of standards the very same women are criticized on allowing themselves to be seduced."
Tags: female, erotic, play, literature, patriarch, society, liberal
Abstract This paper briefly examines the sociological contretemps of Hickman's text, "Courtesans", and Glassner's text, "Culture of Fear". The paper reviews how the former addresses the sociological barriers which kept women in straitened and often unhappy circumstances, and it also looks at the sociological factors which contribute to Americans fearing the wrong things while ignoring those items which matter more.
From the Paper "Sociological Aspects to Courtesans and The Culture of Fear In Katie Hickman's Courtesans, the reader is introduced to the sociological realities women faced in eighteenth and nineteenth century society. Predominantly, these women gained fortune and security - if not power - by making themselves sexually available to powerful suitors. In effect, the social mechanism by which they profited was that of prostitution - although it was rarely used in describing them. Their education, their social pretensions and their involvement in the arts are also noteworthy and they are detailed below. Education, the arts, the social pretensions and the native inquisitiveness of these women all played a role in their formation. Sophia Baddeley, for example, received a "genteel" education (Hickman 34); Elizabeth Armistead was born into poverty and there does not appear to be any evidence that she received a "genteel" education (Hickman 83-85)."
Abstract This paper examines the relationship of Sir Lanval/Launfal with women from two different interpretations of the story of Camelot and the Knights of the Round Table. In "Sir Lanval", the female characters have no real substance, they seem to appear merely to help the plot along and increase the trials and triumphs of the protagonist. In "Sir Launfal", Chester gives these important female characters more depth by giving both the fairy princess and the queen names. Neither writer develops these important female characters to their fullest potential.
From the Paper Many Medieval English works contained tails of the legendary King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Marie de France's Lanval is yet another medieval work set primarily in Camelot and contains the Knights of the Round Table -- As well as Thomas Chester's Sir Launfal, which is influenced greatly by Marie de France's work. Sir Launfal varies slightly from Lanval, but the plot is basically the same.
Tags: arthur, fairy, france, king, medieval, sir, camelot, knights
Abstract This paper compares and discusses two tales that deal with the consequences of the many types of human frailty: "The Song of Roland" and "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." It also provides the background and historical context of each work.
Tags:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Song of Roland, human frailty
Abstract This paper analyzes "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" and takes a look at the traditional symbols used, including the all-important hunt scene.
From the Paper "As Section III opens, Bercilak, the liege-lord of the land, as eager as an impatient bridegroom, bolts his breakfast before riding the hunt with his men. The dogs are unleashed as couples to a bugle fanfare reminiscent of the bridal "belling" to which wedded couples have been treated throughout history. ?The leashes are cast away,? (s.46), so the hounds are free of constraint in order to pursue their beloved prey, the deer. The lord commands that only the does should be driven to the valley, and the dogs chase the frightened females to that most feminine symbol of nature, the deep chasms between the hills. There, the dogs herd the prey and "snatch down" any does who dare bolt, like some medieval inversion of the Sadie Hawkins chase. Stanza 47 ends with the trimetric four lines (what translator Tolkien calls the ?wheel) describing the rest of the hunt, which finds the lord "wild with joy" at their success; the short three-beat meter adds a lilting, triumphant note to their endeavors. "Oft spur and oft alight" is a phrase which seems to prance like deer and hounds when read aloud."
Abstract This paper describes the differences between Sherwood Anderson, an American author, and Sir Francis Seymour Haden, a British artist. It compares their major works and discuses three main similarities between them.
From the Paper "Sherwood Anderson is a well-known archetype of an American torn between success and creativity. He walked out of his office as president of his own manufacturing company in Ohio, not only giving up a dream of becoming rich in American business, but also abandoning his responsibilities as a husband and a father. He gave up business for literature. Winesburg, Ohio and The Egg and Other Stories are good examples of how he incorporated his own dramatic life experiences into his writing. Sir Francis Seymour Haden was a successful doctor, and found that his amateur etching helped discipline his hand for surgery. Haden continued with his hobby until it helped him to become one of the best landscape etchers of all time. Realism is the attempt, in literature and art, to depict life as it actually exists. Sherwood Anderson and Sir Francis Seymour Haden use themes of solitude, self-reflection, and nature to portray realism. "
Abstract The paper explains hidden meanings behind developments of the story of "Sir Gawain and Green Knight" written by J.R.R Tolkien, an allegorical legend written in the Middle Ages. The paper explores the role of allegory in this piece of literature.
From the Paper "Upon his return home, Gawain feels a sense of extreme shame since he understands that fear for his life cost him to sin to an extent where he may never forgive himself. It seemed as an illogical step on his behalf since Green Knight had explained to Gawain that everything Gawain went through, was meant to be a joke. The moral behind this book is to never forget who you really are and that at any time you can commit a sin no matter how noble you might be."
Abstract The paper explores the issue of character development in the medieval romance, "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." The paper explains how Gawain's character is developed to reflect his heroic nature. The paper includes the various tests Gawain undergoes to prove himself and discusses the central theme of the poem.
From the Paper "Character Development. "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a medieval romance encompassing the adventure of Sir Gawain, a Knight of the Arthurian Round Table which is told in four fitts or parts. In Fitt, Sir Gawain's character is developed to reflect his heroic capacity for besting wild beasts, monsters and even the environment itself."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of patient identification in hospital which seems as inoculate as the solution. Patient identification is based on the assumption that whatever information the patient or family accompanying the patient is correct and true. On the other hand, another assumption held is that hospital record-keeping is accurate and infallible. The paper further discusses how falsified information provided by patient or family to conceal his/her identity may just be as widespread as clerical errors. With the computerization of medical records, errors may be minimized and with the relative ease of cross-validating identity utilizing electronic databases (should the need arise, but otherwise a breach of patient confidentiality), falsified data can be detected. However, the factor of human clerical error is still a significant possibility. This becomes a serious matter when medical and surgical interventions come into play.
Abstract This paper addresses the present state of the Patients' Bill of Rights, as well as its history and future possibilities. Also explored are the issues of political support, arguments for and against, and major pitfalls in getting this legislation passed into law. The paper attempts to further explain general intentions of the Patients' Bill of Rights. The most pertinent bills specific to the Patients' Bill of Rights are presented and analyzed.
Outline:
Introduction
Arguments For and Against Patients' Bill of Rights
History of the Patients' Bill of Rights
Why the Patients' Bill of Rights has Failed
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Before exploring the more complex issues involved, it is necessary to understand the general intentions of the Patients' Bill of Rights. Numerous bills involving patients' rights have been presented to the House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Discussed in this paper are the most pertinent bills specific to the Patients' Bill of Rights: the 1998 Patients' Bill of Rights, H.R. 3605 and S. 1890; the Bipartisan Patient Protection Act of 2001, S. 1052, S. 872, and H.R. 526; and the 2005 Patients' Bill of Rights, H.R. 2259, H.R. 2650, and S. 1012. In general, federal legislation that safeguards patients' rights is supported by both major political parties and the President, and also has considerable public appeal (Chavez, 2001, 606; Chaddock, 2001, 1)."
Abstract The paper presents a nursing situation that demonstrates the role and responsibility of nurses as advocates of patient safety and quality of care. The paper discusses the issues raised in this particular situation such as lack of time for nurses to offer even basic care to their patients, harm caused to patients because of not getting basic care, the patient's and family's right to know, how the truth should be told, and the problems connected with whistle-blowing. The paper then looks at possible options and resolutions for dealing with the issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Core Issues in the Situation
Potential Options
Analysis of Each Option
Theoretically Defensible Position
What Made the Situation Challenging?
Conclusion
From the Paper "refers to adhering to high moral principles or professional standards.
In this series on the heart of nursing, the role of integrity in nursing practice merits a mention. Every year, market researchers conduct a poll in various countries to find out how the population surveyed rate a range of professions and occupations in relation to honesty and ethical standards. In Australia, the UK and the United States, nurses are frequently ranked number one, or pretty close to it. In the US, nurses have been ranked top for 'honesty and integrity' every year since 1999, except 2001, when they were ranked second.
"Being honest is at the heart of our work. That is why the charge nurse is still upset about the part he played in Meg's care, and why nurses often go home troubled because they have not, in their own eyes, been able to maintain integrity in their practice."
Tags: Care, nurses, patients, medication, treatment, doctor
Abstract This paper focuses on the doctor/patient communication. It speaks of the ideas of the past in relation to this issue and how they have affected modern day medicine. The writer discusses the problems that exist when patients attempt communication with doctors, as well as problems that physicians face when addressing patients' concerns. The writer further offers suggestions for improvement and professional advice for resolving issues.
From the Paper "Traditionally patients have been accustomed to trusting in the services of doctors, and in accepting only the information given during a consultation. In years past, (especially in the days of the town doctor who made house calls) doctors often provided patients with only the details that the doctor felt the patient needed to know. Specifics of illnesses (mostly terminal cases) were only verbally provided when the doctor decided that it was appropriate to do so. Although patients generally knew that this occurred, it appeared to be acceptable to the general population for many years. This is not to insist that patients demanded medical information. Many patients believed that to query a physician was to disrespect his or her profession. More often than not this resulted in patients needlessly suffering with illnesses that might have been detected if the lines of communication between doctors and patients had been more open."
Abstract This paper discusses patients' rights, their implications and their subsequent integration into law. According to this paper certain fundamental patient rights must be articulated and recognized by both providers and professionals alike to avoid unscrupulous groups from taking advantage of individuals in extenuating circumstances for any type of self-benefiting gain. This paper reviews examples of these laws, such as The Patients' Bill of Rights in Medicare and Medicaid by the US Department of Health and Human Services in 1999 and the Bipartisan Patient Protection Act of 2001.
From the Paper "Patients' rights are an indispensable part of any nation's health maintenance infrastructure. In spite of the inherent sincerity and mutual trust between patient and physician, it has become apparent over several decades to make tangible certain inalienable rights of patients through law. As stipulated in "The Patients' Bill of Rights in Medicare and Medicaid" ,there are seven sets of patients' rights, namely: The Right to Information, The Right to Choose, Access to Emergency Services, Being a Full Partner in Health Care Decisions, Care Without Discrimination, The Right to Privacy and The Right to Speedy Complaint Resolution (US Department of Health and Human Services, 1999, para. 8-15). The right to information simply states that the patient must understand accurate and comprehensible information pertaining to his/her treatment in order to make an informed health decision. "
Abstract This paper discusses the theoretical framework upon which a patient education program for discharged patients might be based. It discusses Malcolm Knowles' andragogy model in the adult learning process and the self-care theory of Dorothea Orem. It applies these frameworks to not only the patient, but especially to the nurse, wherein a more active role in education is essential.
From the Paper "Adult learning in the patient education context presently takes many forms. Informing the patient of his/her condition, the steps to be taken to further evaluate and treat the condition and the measures and medications to be taken by the patient at that point is one example. Another may take the form of teaching patients how and when to use a glucometer to measure his/her blood glucose levels. Even the mere act of being a confidant can be a patient education experience. However, information dissemination does not imply true patient education. There is a need for implementing a structured and methodical educational program designed to encourage active, bidirectional adult learning instead of passive, unidirectional reception of relevant and irrelevant information."
Abstract This paper evaluates managed care and its negative implications on the patient-physician relationship. The author views managed health care as a serious threat to the trust embodied within the traditional patient-physician relationship. It is further argued that if this trust erodes, there cannot be any assurance about the adequacy of that health care system.
A Physician's Conflicting Loyalties
Managed Care Compromises Patient Autonomy
Ethical Problems Associated with Financial Incentives to Limit Care
Solution: Preserving the Physician's Role
From the Paper "The foundation of the physician-patient relationship is the trust embodied within. It is based on the premise that physicians are primarily dedicated toward their patients, who can expect that physicians will honorably serve them even if it means putting the physician's own health at risk. They can rely on physicians to do everything in their power to help them. (Morreim, 23) It is this trust that enables patients to communicate private information and to place their health, and indeed their lives, in the hands of their physicians. No other individual in the health care system is in a position to assume such an important responsibility, such as the one that physicians have towards their patients. It is this trust between physicians and patients which is the backbone of any successful health care system; without it, there can be no assurance about the adequacy of that system."
Tags: Physician, Patient, Healthcare, Managed Care, Conflict, American Medical Association
