Abstract
This paper discusses the Meiji Restoration in Japan, from 1868 to 1912. It describes the events leading to the Meiji Restoration, the events themselves and the changes that happened during the period. It discusses them with relation to the Charter Oath of 1868 and analyzes whether the restoration was a success or not. It looks at the success in terms of the establishment of a democratically-elected government, the elimination of discriminatory class status, disparaging customs and traditions and the establishment of a universal education system.

From the Paper
"The waning days of the Tokugawa reign was witnessed by the clan's inability to implement reforms needed to face the requirements of the industrial and the overwhelming pressure of Western nations to open up the country to international trade and industry. Aside from the aforementioned problems, the Tokugawa clan was also being challenged by various other clans and a coup was the final straw that broke the Tokugawa's back. "The Satcho-Dohi coalition of the 1860s carried out this supposed feudal coup from below. The coalition was between the four tozama fiefs of Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa and Hizen, the four strongest principalities of the southwest. (The Meiji Restoration, 1999)" Eventually, the last shogun of Japan, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, capitulated in the late 1800s and handed over the rule of the country to a young emperor of the Meiji clan, Mutsuhito. Mutsuhito took over as emperor upon his father's death in 1867 - Emperor Komei left a troubled nation needing reforms to his then 15 year-old son."

Tags:Tokugawa, emperor, reforms, revolution

Abstract
The paper discusses how the Meiji "Restoration" of 1867-68 represented nothing less than a radical revolution in Japan, as a fragmented and largely feudal land became a modern nation state. The paper describes how in a brief span of time, the society, culture, economic and political order of Japan underwent a fundamental restructuring, from a pre-Restoration society similar to feudal Europe in some ways, into a modern industrialized state. This paper examines the Meiji transformation of Japan into a modern nation state, arguing the thesis that this transition was achieved through a balance of continuity and institutional and social revolution.

From the Paper
"The Meiji "Restoration" of 1867-68 represented nothing less than a radical revolution in Japan, as a fragmented and largely feudal land became a modern nation state. In a brief span of time, the society, culture, economic and political order of Japan underwent a fundamental restructuring, from a pre-Restoration society similar to feudal Europe in some ways, into a modern industrialized state. This paper will examine the Meiji transformation of Japan into a modern nation state, arguing the thesis that this transition was achieved through a balance of continuity and institutional and social revolution."

Tags:japan, history, meiji

Abstract
This paper relates the importance of mangrove forests as an important part of the Florida coastal ecosystem and pays particular attention to the Indian River Lagoon as it is the only mangrove system in North America where tropical waters meet temperate waters. The author explains how natural events such as storms as well as human activities are destroying mangrove forests and proposes measures to oversee major replanting efforts in the area of the Indian River Lagoon. A cost and benefit analysis is also included in the paper as well as the risks to be expected.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction/Background
Climate Change and the Solution to Lagoon Restoration
Proposed Solution
Cost/Benefit Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Indian River Lagoon is a federally protected estuary and home to numerous threatened and endangered species. Legislation is already in place to help prevent further human destruction of the lagoon and its valuable resources. Several replanting programs are already underway, with varying degrees of success. Efforts thus far are not enough to offset the rate of destruction. In addition, many plantings suffer heavy losses as young saplings fail to thrive."

Tags:ecosystems, preservation, restoration

Abstract
The paper provides a review of "The Restoration of Emily" (2006) referring to its basic plot and what the author/narrator conveys of Toronto professional culture.

From the Paper
"Kim Moritsugu's "The Restoration of Emily" is rich in everyday details that draw the reader into a quite believable middle-aged woman's life that is extraordinary for its ordinary concerns. (2006) The heroine, Emily Harada, is an architect who restores historic houses in Toronto, a city that is described indirectly as the backdrop of all that occurs involving the narrator's teenaged son, Jesse, an affair with a former student much younger than herself, interaction with colleagues and others known when she was a young university student. Toronto seems a neutral backdrop for all that takes place, the normal environment of Harada, as is predictable,..."

Tags:moritgusu, restoration, review

Abstract
For many Torontonians few things are as vexing as the ongoing debate surrounding the restoration of Toronto's much maligned waterfront. This paper examines the most pressing issues driving the Toronto waterfront debate and explores, where possible, the origins of these issues and where they appear headed. In the process of so doing it is hoped that this paper will illuminate the stark reality that the imperatives of the situation fairly demand that past hard feelings and acrimony should no longer be used as an excuse for failing to act.

Tags:toronto, waterfront, restoration

Abstract
This paper examines the role of women in Restoration comedy and what it expresses about the relations between men and women of the era and in modern society.

Tags:gender, patriarchy, sexuality, repression, control, power relations, marriage, feminism, comedy, Restoration

Abstract
This paper uses the San Marcos Springs ecosystem and its endangered species as an example of how wildlife management and ecological restoration may seem to compliment each other but, actually they are seeking out different goals. It explains that in order to preserve the endangered native species, all of current species located in the ecosystem must be considered.

From the Paper
"Wildlife conservation and management have been called the art and science of managing wildlife species, habitats, and ecosystems for long-term human benefit. The first system of wildlife conservation was an Eastern rather than a Western idea, developed by the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (Smith 1976). Although the art of managing wildlife is centuries old, the science is relatively new and is becoming increasingly important all the time. However, science is only part of how we view and manage our wildlife resources. Social, cultural, political, and legal constraints and issues often have more to do with how wildlife resources are managed than pure science. Understanding these constraints and issues is fundamental to conservation and management. J. B. Kauffman (1997) stated that a successful ?conservation programme cannot be based on a preoccupation with saving the animal itself. Its total environment must be preserved.? This type of forward thinking helped change the idea of single species conservation and gave rise to the concept of restoration ecology."

Tags:darter, ecological, ecology, endangered, fountain, management, marcos, restoration, san, species, springs, wildlife

Abstract
In the past, America has always had to choose between China and Japan. Before the Second World War the United States had friendly relations with China and Japan was the adversary, and after Japan was defeated in the war and nationalist China was defeated by Mao and his communist revolutionaries, the United States and Japan became allies. But this historical pattern of alternating adversaries does not have to be repeated in the 21st century, for the United States, China, and Japan can interact politically and economically in ways that will be beneficial to all three countries. The question requiring examination and analysis is whether the United States, China, and Japan will interact politically and economically for their mutual benefit.

From the Paper
The United States, China, and Japan: An Analysis In the past, America has always had to choose between China and Japan. Before the Second World War the United States had friendly relations with China and Japan was the adversary, and after Japan was defeated in the war and nationalist China was defeated by Mao and his communist revolutionaries, the United States and Japan became allies. But this historical pattern of alternating adversaries does not have to be repeated in the 21^st century, for the United States, China, and Japan can interact

Tags:china, japan, u.s.

Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the sometimes fragile alliance between Japan and the U.S. and ponders whether or not Japan is capable, from a technical standpoint, of creating nuclear weapons. This paper delves into the possibility that Japan may already have nuclear weapons in its possession. A large number of Japanese citizens and successive governments have favored continuing the alliance with the U. S. which involves enormous reliance on American security and military power to protect Japan from attack. This paper defines article 9, the renunciation of war, of Japan's Peace Constitution. The writer also discusses the economic benefits in developing and maintaining nuclear weapons. This well-researched and informative paper considers some of the means Japan could employ to gain greater military autonomy which includes completing the development and production of advanced weapons such as the FSX fighter. This paper also discusses the various groups and parties that oppose nuclear weapons including the Japan Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs.

From the Paper
"Considering that the huge military-industrial complex of United States is an often-criticized force in the American economy and that maintaining a similarly high level of expenditures on weapons was a critical factor leading to the economic and political failure of the former Soviet Union, many in Japan are understandably content not to have a defense industry of a comparable magnitude. But there are some Japanese willing, and even eager, to duplicate or surpass American state-of-the-art military technology. Those who wish to see Japan more independent of reliance on the American power, who believe Japan's future is dependent on an autonomous defense establishment, favor the concept of Kokusanka or, indigenization of defense production."

Tags:asia, japan, economy, military, plutonium, nuclear, weapons, u.s., international, opposition, peace, constitution

Abstract
This paper examines how history has had a considerable impact on Japan's relationship with Southeast Asia. The experience of the Japanese colonialism and the atrocities of the WWII participated in a persistent anti-Japanese resentment in the region with the result that Japan's foreign policy has had to deal with serious suspicion and difficulties to rebuild mutual understanding between Japan and Southeast Asia. It also looks at how the experience of the Cold War and Japan's submission to the U.S. economic and security interests have constituted an important obstacle to Japan-Southeast Asia interaction.
Outline
The Legacy of the Japanese Military Expansionism in Southeast Asia Before 1945
A Difficult Japan-Southeast Asia Interaction after 1945: The Japanese Foreign Policy Choices in a Confrontational World Order
Balance: Japan and the Challenge of Reconciling History With the Future of a More Globalised World
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Japanese historical presence in Southeast Asia thus can be considered to have participated in the development of forthcoming antagonisms precisely in this region during the Cold War. In this respect, Takashi Inoguchi's analysis of the impact of the Japanese occupation on Vietnam is particularly relevant. Indeed, he insists on the fact that Japan's colonisation of Vietnam led to a considerable exploitation of the country's resources which resulted in the emergence of nationalist movements and doctrines that would be then appropriated and exploited by confrontational ideologies during the Cold War. "

Tags:burma, china, colonialism, cooperation, imperialism, interdependency, japan, korea, pacific