Abstract This essay discusses matters relating to sexworkers, particularly in Toronto. In this article, the writer discusses risks taken by sexworkers, with regards to their own health. The writer also discusses the influence of the legal situation in this regard.
From the Paper "Sex workers are clearly at some risk of contracting HIV, due to the physically intimate nature of their work, and the fact that HIV can be transmitted via sexual relations. However, the level of the risk does not have to be as high as it currently is. It is argued that improvements to the legal situation regarding sex work could improve the health status of sex workers."
Abstract Paper refers to origins of sexual inequality in Canada, indicators of changing status , factors accounting for changes, and factors still preventing equality in reference to changes experienced.
Abstract This paper explains that not only are there sex trades workers from Eastern Europe who migrate to Canada by their own will but also other sex trade workers are forced by traffickers to migrate. The author points out that women from Eastern Europe choose Canada as a good country for immigration because the mass media inform them about Canada as a land of opportunities. The paper stresses that the reality is very different.
From the Paper 'Many women intentionally come to Canada each year from Eastern Europe to work in the sex trade, especially in Toronto. Other women from the same area are trafficked by criminals. I am interested in both groups, especially the women who come of their own free will. My question concerns their reasons for immigrating and their satisfaction later. I do know that the women who enter the sex trade are poor and have little or no opportunities. Sex trafficking operates two ways, both into and out of Eastern Europe. Sexual trafficking is a trap ... .'
Abstract This paper discusses how the decriminalization of prostitution in Toronto may be advantageous for sexworkers. It states that although women are supposedly equal in Canada, somehow thousands of Canadian women still end up in sex work - a line of work in which they are at risk of violence, diseases and death. The paper argues that laws meant to protect society actually victimize people who are already at the bottom rung of society - marginalized, poor women - as well as a smaller group of male and transsexual prostitutes, and even some children. Law enforcers and the public frequently launch campaigns aimed at removing sexworkers altogether - such as closing brothels and massage parlors. This does not remove sexworkers - it merely makes them less safe. The paper concludes that protecting the rights of sexworkers and decriminalizing prostitution will help to protect their safety and welfare.
From the Paper "The lives of sex workers are fraught with risks and threats. For example, by the very nature of their work, they are at risk of contracting a range of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, which is usually terminal. One might argue that sex workers should protect themselves by practicing safe sex. However, the reality is that these people are in a very disempowered position in society, and consequently, they are very often not in a position to insist on safe sex practices. A key part of their disempowerment is that they have little recourse to the law. In other words, if they are forced to have unsafe sex, they do not feel safe in laying a charge with the police. This is because their line of work is circumscribed by laws that aim to end prostitution, and therefore they do not feel safe phoning the police. Thus, one of the key reasons why the legal system pertaining to sex work should be changed is that this would facilitate equal rights to police protection for sex workers - who desperately need such protection."
Abstract This paper discusses how prostitution is legal in Canada although living off the avails of prostitution remains illegal as does engaging in sex-for-money negotiations in a public place. It contends that when investigating the circumstances of most sex trade workers, one does see why at least partial criminalization remains desirable and why an inhibiting legal framework is needed.
Outline:
Introduction
Arguments Against Legalized Prostitution
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper "Street prostitutes face extreme danger in random violence, sexual assault and abduction, risks that men and women probably would not take without the compulsion to finance addictions. Street prostitution, as the now prevailing form, is generally considered 10 times more dangerous than sex work in brothels of one kind or another, for the bona fide criminal preys upon vulnerable persons of which the sex worker is highly vulnerable for each client is usually a stranger of unknown potential. Sex workers are known to be less likely to report assaults or thefts to police, they often have access to cash, and are easily identified. (Summers 2006) Whereas other men or women are usually not accessible for one-on-one private meetings, the sex trade worker expects this situation and is thus highly accessible. "
Abstract This essay takes a look at the issue of prostitution in Canada at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper points out that, in more recent years, theorists have increasingly begun to frame prostitution as a social issue, and as an occupation forced on marginalized, poverty-stricken people. However, in earlier times, it was more common to frame prostitution as a moral issue, or as a law enforcement issue. The paper ultimately attempts to show how the failure to suppress prostitution was directly linked to the failure to understand it, which in turn was based on a sexist inability to conceptualize women as subjects making choices, due to extenuating socioeconomic circumstances.
From the Paper "Nilsen notes that in the period 1906 to 1917, most local residents of Vancouver perceived prostitutes as nothing but blight on the city, and a negative influence on property values. Unlike national reformers, they failed to see prostitutes as women for whom they should feel pity. They failed to perceive them as victims of pimps, or as victims of socioeconomic circumstances. Their response to prostitution was to draw up petitions to have it removed by stringent law enforcement. On the other hand, the National Council of Women, which in other respects was a philanthropic organization, saw the solution to prostitution as being moral education and tougher laws (Nilsen, 1980). It is suggested that, as the members of that esteemed council were all middle class women, they had never been in the situation of having to feed themselves or their children on nothing but "moral education." What is interesting to note is that although both residents and the National Council of Women were coming at the matter from different perspectives, both had a touching faith that laws could remove the problem."
Tags: prostitution, moral, promiscuity, deviance, sexual
Abstract This paper examines how prostitution in Thailand is practiced on such a large scale that it has become almost a way of life. The history of prostitution in the country goes back a long way, but it was internationalized during the Vietnam War when large numbers of American soldiers made Thailand their "R&R" base. Since then, an increasing number of sex tourists have patronized the sex trade in Bangkok and certain other cities. The sexworkers in Thailand comprise both "free" and "forced" prostitutes, both of whom are exposed to a number of risks, such as exposure to dangerous diseases, exploitation, and violence. The profession does, however, provide a living for a large number of poor women, and the sex industry in Thailand is big business for many, including the thriving tourist industry.
Outline
History of Prostitution in Thailand
Causes of Prostitution in Thailand
Profile of the SexWorker in Thailand
Health Issues
Effect of Prostitution on Other Thai Women
Helping SexWorkers Conclusion
From the Paper "The single biggest cause of prostitution in Thailand is without doubt poverty. Poverty is, as Mr. Shahabudin notes, ?a vicious force that drives families to sacrifice their daughters to prostitution.? Most surveys of "massage girls" in Bangkok show that over 70% of the girls come from poor farming families and almost all of them send part of their earnings home to feed their families. Many of them come from refugee families who have lost their land on which they farmed previously; now these families have little choice but to send their children out for work in order to survive. The incentive for making income through prostitution in Thailand is overwhelming for poor peasant girls: Catherine Hill (1993) quoting Pasuk Phongpaichit, author of From Peasant Girls to Bangkok Masseuses ( 1982, 8) writes that prostitution in Thailand offers ?wages up to twenty-five times the wages to women in other industries.?"
Abstract In this essay, the writer notes that while much of this paper focuses on the economic and social costs of the sex industry in America, it cannot be ignored that the sex industry is global. The writer points out that while traditional economic discussions focus on legally traded goods and commodities, the sex industry, is one of the most lucrative industries, both in the United States and in the global economy. The writer discusses that sexworkers, whether they entered into the industry willingly or by force, are predominantly composed of members of the lower and lower-middle classes. The result is that the sex trade, although a possibly lucrative source of income for female sexworkers, actually reduces women's economic power. The writer concludes that furthermore, the sex trade perpetuates existing class distinctions.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Data
Analysis
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "When people discuss the economy, the conversations generally focus on legally traded goods and commodities. However, the black and gray markets form a huge sector of the economy. Furthermore, illegally trade goods and goods that are highly linked to illegal sales have a tremendous impact on society, which may actually surpass the impact of legally traded goods. When people discuss the black market, they frequently speak of stolen items, counterfeit goods, and drugs. However, the largest segment of the black market is actually involved in the sex trade. In fact, the profit from direct traffic in human beings, literally sold into sexual slavery, rivals the profit from illegal drug sales. Once profits from other sectors of the sex trade are factored in, it becomes clear that the sex industry is the most lucrative industry in the American economy, and possibly the world economy."
Abstract This paper explains that, in various Caribbean countries, women have very few ways of supporting their families and thereby capitalizing on their sexuality through sex work is within their conformist respectable cultures. The author points out that most North American and European female prostitutes are motivated by their heroin and crack cocaine addictions; whereas, Caribbean prostitutes or sexworkers are prompted by the opportunity to make a livable wage. The paper stresses that these Caribbean sexworkers recognize their right to political activism as women to be taken seriously in tourist economies, which require their labor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Victims versus Survivors
Sex Economics
Gaps between Sex Trade Workers and Observers
Caribbean, not Western Sex Work
Race and Caribbean Sex Work
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper "Caribbean prostitution points to more than differing ideas on sexuality's importance in the Caribbean culture zone and can remind of a "racialized relation of power and resistance" at local as much as global levels. Caribbean women are absolutely aware of the obstacles of sexism, racism of different kinds, and bleak economic prospects. Observers tending to pit respectable Caribbean cultures and their expectations of women against women of classes involved in prostitution need to explore again for women who take up sex work see very clearly local social and political orders divided by class."
Tags: poverty alternative, survival strategies, tourism, public health
Abstract This paper explains that sex tourism in Thailand is open, booming and gaining the reputation of being the whorehouse capital of the world. The history of sex tourism in the Thailand and the various factors that attract foreigners and sexworkers to the country's red light districts are explored. The author lists different forms of prostitution in Thailand and the country's legal stand on this industry. In addition, the paper probes the prevalence of child prostitution in the country and the health issues plaguing the sexworkers, particularly HIV/AIDS.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Sex Tourism in Thailand
Prostitution: History & Current Situation
Why Become a SexWorker Attractions of Thai Sex Trade
Types of Prostitution in Thailand
Child Prostitution
HIV/AIDS
Conclusion
From the Paper "Like adult prostitution, poverty seems to be the root cause in the proliferation of child prostitution in Thailand. Children, brainwashed to think that obtaining money through sex is good, would offer themselves to people mostly fifty years old or above in exchange for material favors. In many cases however, children are sold or trafficked by organized crime syndicates for prostitution. End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism, an international organization, founded in 1991 with headquarters in Thailand, estimates that there are about a million children worldwide who are lured into the sex industry each year."
Abstract Hiring immigrants and multicultural diversity issues have become increasingly more important in recent years, for the number of immigrants has kept increasing every year in Canada, which has increased the demand for skillful immigrant workers. This paper examines the benefits that can be accrued by hiring more immigrant workers. The paper asserts that hiring skillful immigrant workers can make a business more competitive in terms of its overall human resources, can help a business gain access to immigrant markets in Canada, and can facilitate the implementation and immigrant worker management of overseas assignments.
Abstract This paper discusses same sex marriages in Canada. It discusses the conflict between the government and the Canadian people with regards to this issue and the calls for a change in the legal system of Canada because of it. The paper discusses the way in which the issue of same sex marriages directly affects the citizens of the country with regard to social structure, freedom, and the rights of the people.
Abstract This is a research paper on the topic of the legalization of same sex marriage. In this article, the writer concentrates specifically on how same sex marriage legislation has developed in Canada. The writer notes that the process began back in the 1960s and 70s, with the establishment of anti-discrimination laws for gays and lesbians. Further, the writer discusses that the actual process of changing the definition of marriage was the result of draft bill and several landmark court cases.
From the Paper "Few social issues in North America today are as controversial and divisive as the possibility of fully legalizing same sex marriage. In both Canada and the United States, the tentative steps that have been taken toward full legalization have accelerated in the past few years, to the point that the new definition of marriage is on the brink of becoming legal in Canada. In this matter the United States lags considerably behind Canada, in that marriage licenses are being granted to same sex couples by some communities following their own independent decision to do so."
Abstract This paper reviews the book 'The Worker Festival: A History of Labour Day in Canada', an original work that focuses on the working class throughout Canada. The direction of the book, however, demonstrates that as the celebration of labor changed so did the manner in which individuals functioned within society. The paper goes on to discuss that initially the working efforts of the masses were hailed in society, but over time it was apparent that society and business were more focused on monetary gain than how that gain was accomplished. This paper reports that events in society altered people's lives and ultimately how they functioned in industry because the demands of industry were also conforming to the needs of the larger social order. These factors played a significant role in the progression of labor and Labour Day in Canada.
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of immigration in Canada and attempts to show that there are differences between the immigration policies of the federal government and the provincial government of Alberta, but that they concur in one important aspect: both place emphasis on the need to attract skilled workers to Canada. The paper continues and relates that both allocate funds in order to attract workers. The paper also highlights the fact that skilled immigrants who come to Canada are unable to find work in their chosen professions, which points out the serious disconnection between the intent of immigration policies at both federal and provincial level. The paper agrees that this is not good for the immigrants nor good for Canada's economy and suggests methods of addressing this disconnection.
From the Paper "The federal government appears to be trying to find ways to resolve the disconnections. For example, the Honourable Diane Finley, Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, announced the launch of a Foreign Credentials Referral Office on 24th May 2007. In announcing this, Finley noted that she had often heard stories of "the newcomer to Canada, who came with skills and credentials ... and who has had to struggle ever since to get a job in his or her chosen field" (www.cic.gc.ca). Yet at the same time, she notes that "We need skilled newcomers and we need skilled newcomers to work in their chosen field" Hence, the new Foreign Credentials Referral Office will attempt to facilitate the accreditation of these immigrants, so as to resolve the futile disconnection of a country that needs skilled immigrants, on the one hand, and on the other hand, skilled immigrants who are prevented from working just because they cannot get their foreign credentials recognized in Canada."
