Abstract
By using the chief of the Sioux tribe as narrator, the paper traces the history of the tribe. The paper begins with a description of life on the plains around Lake Superior, wars with the rival Ojibwa tribe and then carries the reader until the time when the tribe is forced to seek unification with other tribes in order to fight a new enemy, the white man.

From the Paper
"The white men's approach shows their nature of treachery that leaves them unfit for any pact from our end. In spite of the reality that the white men are better equipped in arms than us, forget not my men that the white man is not well equipped in his will. If we can win them, we can win by our will; by our determination; by our unity for our mother. We know the land as none other, for we have roamed therein years together for buffalo hunting and the big game.
These white men cannot overpower us if we resist their intrusion wisely. I have known that they come from different lands from far. Some are different from the others. If we can use these differences to make them fight among themselves for the land, we can win half of the battle. Then, the white men shall have the taste of their own medicine."

Tags:Minnesota, prejudices, battlefield, tribal

Abstract
This paper explains that today the American Indian tribes are believed to have sovereign powers, which can be characterized as independent from both the federal and state governments. Therefore, they are considered to be a nation within a nation under the current American legal system. The writer points out that there are, however, limitations to the tribes' jurisdiction. The paper concludes that, as evidenced by the stand off at Wounded Knee and numerous other historical events, it is clear that Native-American Indians desire real authority over their own relations amongst themselves and perceive themselves as degraded by the lack of full sovereignty.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Challenges of Native American Sovereignty
Wounded Knee
Conclusion: The Future of Native American Sovereignty

From the Paper
"In the end, the events at Wounded Knee were exceedingly far more traumatic for Native American Indians in this country than it was for the white American population. The Wounded Knee incident was a direct result of the near-century long inability for Native Americans to come to an agreement with the majority population on the issue of sovereignty within their lands. The form of tribal government that had been granted to the Natives was thus not efficient in solving problems on reservations."

Tags:self-determination intervention jurisdiction globalization, red power

Abstract
This paper examines the role of the culture that existed before the French arrival in the Michigan region of the United States and provides a detailed account of the actual modifications of Indian life after the French arrived. The paper considers the way in which disputes and misunderstandings were solved through law and shows how the issue of the Native-Indians and the French influence over the history of the tribes in the Great Lakes is a matter that is representative for the history of the US. The paper also shows how the Native-American experience pointed out the way in which a local issue such as the conflicts between different tribes in the region could be exploited for economic, gains but at the same time could set the basis for a cultural relation between the Algonquin tribes and the French.

From the Paper
"The history of the American people is the result of numerous influences that have put their mark on what is today the American culture and heritage. The entire array of factors that have determined the unique yet troubled history of the United States belong to numerous cultures and civilization that have remained to this day important landmarks for the definition of the cultural framework of this country. In this sense, the Indians have had a considerable contribution to the establishment of the cultural background as well as of the environment in which later settlers, such as the Europeans would place their mark and in which they would develop a distinctive cultural identity."

Tags:Native-Americans, British, culture, fur, trade, Acadia, Pontiac, Revolution

Abstract
This paper looks at the Lenni-Lenape tribe. It includes their spiritual and intellectual beliefs and a description of the environment in which they lived. Also described briefly is the history of their contact with the English, Spanish and other invaders, beginning with a look the Spaniard Pedro Mendez in 1570 and continuing through to a look at the Englishmen under Governor William Berkley in 1644. The paper also discusses the Lenni-Lenapes of modern day from the 1920's.

From the Paper
"Two outstanding leaders met and stopped a war between the English colonists under John Smith and the Lenape Indians under Chief Powhatan. As part of the treaty, Chief Powhatan was crowned King of the Delaware territory, in 1609, through the diplomacy of John Smith. Unfortunately, John Smith was recalled to England in 1609 after a dispute with the London Company's managers. The result of his recall was full-scale war between the English and the Lenape. The war lasted until 1613 when Pocahontas married an English colonist named John Rolfe and Chief Powhatan grudgingly called a truce between his people and the English."

Tags:Delaware, Powhatan, Virginia, William, Berkley, Columbus, Captain, Pedro, Mendez, Don, Luis, Velasco

Abstract
This paper discusses the geological evidence supporting the theory that the Cherokee Indians originally immigrated to North America via the Bering Strait, the body of water that separates Siberia from Alaska. The paper also looks at the scientific and anthropological theories of Indian immigration but concludes that the geological theory is not at all implausible.

From the Paper
"The Cherokee Indians were heirchial with each man's place being determined by his persoanl achievements in war and in hunting. The Cherokee knew that the resources of the earth were finite and wisely used the gifts of the earth. In the 1978 book entitiled "Americas' Facinating Indian Heritage" stated is that, "The American Indians still live today in "substandard, overcrowded dwellings with minimal sanitation, tuberculosis, influenza and penmonia....the suicide rate among Indian adolescents is 100 times that of whites....alcoholism is common place. " While some of the tribes did receive government settlements eventually many of these did not. (America's Facinating Indian Heritage, 1978 p.396-398) The Cherokee people lived a balanced life that did not take from the earth and environment but left it as they found it in the Cherokee tradition."

Tags:people, different, speech, keetoowah, anikituaghi, anikutahwagi, lower, middle, over-the-hill

From the Paper
"This examination of the Spanish treatment of the Arizona and Southwest Indian tribes will first consider those peoples and their relationships with each other. By first looking at the possible origin of the Southwestern U.S. Indian tribes, one can see who the Spaniards encountered in the late 1700s and thus know what effect the Spaniards would have on them. Additionally, one might understand what those tribes are doing about that effect today.

Both Fr. Kino, the Catholic priest delegated by Spain to oversee the exploration of the Southwest, and Capt. Manje, the military officer overseeing the soldiers assigned to this operation, had their own reasons for writing the documents they left, so one can also see what they thought they were doing and compare that to what they actually did, see what legacy they.."

Abstract
This paper explores and details North American Indian life and culture as portrayed in Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology." This paper discusses the land issues facing the North American Indian tribes including overgrazing, erosion and assessments of appropriate land usage. The writer of this paper finds Hughes' book to be straightforward and concise in clarifying the characteristics of Indian life such as hunting, food growing and rituals.

From the Paper
"Tribes are having to mediate the disparate demands of their members and the industrial mindset of the BIA to balance forest use for economic need and preservation for cultural need. Tribes face many of the same problems as non-Native communities held hostage by the timber industry. Replanting has not always kept pace with harvesting on public or trust lands. The push to harvest old-growth timber is constrained by federal mandates to protect endangered species habitats, putting people out of work. Few local communities gain the "value-added" benefits of processing their own timber especially jobs and new businesses and when they do the environmental impact of mill sites has to be factored into any cost-benefit analysis."

Tags:ecology, land, environment, law, native, american, indian, oil, culture

Abstract
This paper studies the statistically high rate of suicide among American Indian youth, focusing on the impact of acculturation. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the suicide statistics and their distribution among particular tribes. Then the paper takes a critical look at the historical phenomenon of acculturation. Among the effects of acculturation examined are geographic isolation and confinement to the reservation, which led to the disorganization of traditional family structures. The paper then explores how these impacted the negative self-image of youth, and in particular male youth, which is a major contributor to suicide.

From the Paper
"In a white man's society the American Indian held little status. While there was slavery, black man may have been deprived of his body and labor and kept from being a part of white society; the American Indian was robbed of his land and forced to acculturate. The American Indians were not free to practice their religion in a land that proclaimed religious freedom. When the census was taken, a black man was counted as half a person; an American Indian was not even considered a human being. This only changed when the white man wanted to buy land; legally an American Indian had to be a human being to sell it (Allen 1973)."

Tags:Native, American, tribe, reservation, acculturation, white, man, self-image

Abstract
The paper explores how many programs and government agencies have attempted to address this dilemma of juvenile delinquency. The paper relates that on United States Indian reservations, the current approach to juvenile delinquency includes prevention, intervention and graduated sanctions. The paper offers reasons for the prevalence of this juvenile delinquency and reveals that although the crimes involving delinquent acts by juveniles on American Indian reservations are increasing, the causes are similar to the causes of delinquency of the general population.

Outline:
Brief Background of Juvenile Delinquency
Reasons for the Prevalence of Juvenile Delinquency on Reservations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue on United States American Indian reservations; the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by American Indian youth living on reservations. According to the Bureau of Prisons, the number of Indian youth in custody has increased by nearly 300% since 1994 (Johnson, 2004). Additionally, statistical data indicates that the arrest rate for Native American youth is about twice that of the overall youth population statewide in North Dakota (Martin, 2002)."

Tags:crime, gangs, demographics, adolescent, Navajo, tribe

Abstract
The paper reviews the Cherokee and Seminole resistance tactics against Indian removal. The paper explains how the "five civilized tribes" attempted to hold onto their lands. The paper includes their strategies and examines how the U.S. government broke treaties.

From the Paper
"When Andrew Jackson became president, Cherokee Creek Chickasaw Choctaw and Seminole Indians lived east of the Mississippi Goldfield. These Indians were known as the "Five Civilized Tribes" because many of them had adopted aspects of European and American culture including Christianity. However, these Indians lived on millions of acres of land desired by white cotton planters in central Alabama and Mississippi and particularly Georgia Goldfield."

Tags:indian removal, cherokee, seminole