Abstract This paper discusses how deforestation is affecting Orangutans' habitat and how without urgent actions to combat the deforestation, their extinction is imminent. The author examines the orangutan's habitat, deforestation in Indonesia, the current status of Orangutan habitat and gives various recommendations to solve the problem.
From the Paper "The rainforests, thriving in the tropical humid rain lines of the earth, is a heaven on earth for millions of species of flora and fauna of the world. The frequent raindrops through the year and warm climate around the equator have made variety of living species in the wildlife grow as swiftly as possible. The outsized canopy of hundreds-year-old bulky trees becomes the safe home of assortment of vegetation and animals to breed and make the invaluable treasures of the world.
As time passes by, human activities encroach deeper into the wood. The high demand of logs, papers and other wood products had increased; and human grasp into the forests to cut them off to fulfill the national economic calls. The rainforest no longer becomes a sanctuary for the populations of animal and plants inside."
Abstract This paper discusses the tropical deforestation issue through an eco-feminist approach, which suggests that there is a connection between the oppression of women and the oppression of the rain forests through deforestation. The writer discusses that indicators are used to demonstrate the impact that rain forest deforestation has on the environment including greenhouse gases and erosion of the atmosphere.
From the Paper "Environmental issues affect every life form on Earth from the smallest organism to the human race. A single disruption in the Earth's balance may lead to the permanent and complete destruction of the atmosphere. What is most critical at this point is to find alternatives to deforestation, especially due to the alarming rates of tress being cut. Should this rate continue to rise, the likelihood of unfavorable side effects is promising. Tropical deforestation is threatening the health of the human race through global climate changes and potential extinction of rare plants and species."
Abstract This paper uses pie charts and a photo of deforestation in Brazil to demonstrate the impact of tropical deforestation. The author points out that the rain forests help in regulating the world's climate and atmosphere. The paper relates that, with fewer rain forests, less carbon dioxide is being absorbed, which means that more heat from the sun stays locked up in the atmosphere causing the devastating greenhouse effects.
From the Paper "Tropical rain forests contribute to global climate regulation, oxygen and carbon dioxide production, the protection of soil erosion, and are the home to millions of species. Deforestation of tropical rain forests has contributed to global climate changes, in particular global warming and green house effects in the atmosphere. Tropical rain forests are being burned and cleared due to the increasing demand for farmland, industrialization and urbanization, infrastructure improvements (i.e. roads), and wood products (i.e. home building)."
Abstract The paper relates that satellite imagery has affected the deforestation of the Amazon by detecting problems such as road building, mining operations, fires where land is being cleared for crops, logging operations, dam projects and clearing for building projects. The results of these satellite images also indicate rising heat indexes, less forest and damage to the ecological system that exists in the Amazon. The paper reveals how satellites determine data and offers general information about the technology.
Outline:
How Satellites Determine Data
What Satellite Imagery Tells Scientists About the Amazon
How Satellite Imagery Affects the Rainforest
The Types of Satellites Used and General Information About the Technology
From the Paper "The amount of water or ice particles in the air can be measured by a satellite sensor and this determines part of the information that will tell what is going on, back on earth. Together with satellite visual imagery, the information can give a scientist an amazing amount of information. An article in Satellite Data Applications: Weather and Climate talks about how satellites may measure the physically based parameterization of cloud processes and cloud water. (Weng 407) These measurements are used in a SSMI/Cloud Liquid Water algorithm to find out how the clouds are affected by the thermal emission. (Earth 2005)"
Abstract The paper looks at statistics on the extent of deforestation and identifies the broad and narrow definitions of deforestation. The paper then considers the pros and cons of microeconomic and regional studies and cross-national studies as methods of studying the tropical deforestation process. The paper goes on to explore the causes of deforestation, namely forest size, population growth, economic and debt service growth, agricultural growth, road development and level of democracy. The paper asserts that the solutions for deforestation problems of the global tropical forests must become the responsibility of every nation, since forests impact life on Earth for every single individual.
Outline:
Extent of Tropical Deforestation Definition of Tropical Deforestation Level of Tropical Deforestation Study
Causes of Deforestation Deforestation Solutions and Forestry Management Strategies
From the Paper "Tropical forests are valued for the direct economic benefits and for the host of intangible benefits bestowed upon society. These forests have a special role in the conservation of biodiversity. It is well known that tropical forests, which occupy a mere 13.54 percent of total land area (FAO, 1997), contain around 70 percent of all species (WRI, 1996). Many of these species are threatened with extinction (Myers, 1988). Tropical rain forests have as high as 700 tree species per hectares (ha.) compared to 1 to 5 tree species in boreal forests (Botkin & Talbot, 1992). The rich biodiversity of tropical forests is a source of genetic material for genetic engineering. Also, around 500 million people, including 150 million indigenous people, live in or at the edge of the tropical forests (Roper and Roberts, 1999). Most of them are fully dependent on the forests not only for their livelihood, but also for their cultural and spiritual traditions."
Abstract This paper explains that, because the forests of central America's western Pacific plains were cleared long ago for export crops and subsistence agriculture, the deforestation which has taken place in the last 50 years has been most severe in the lowland tropical moist forests of the Atlantic, or the Caribbean side of central America. The author points out that Panama has a wide range of environmental protection policies in place which are designed to address the impact of human habitation and land-use techniques and to emphasize environmental education and extension programs. The paper concludes that, because of the competition from multi-national businesses, which are not concerned about the environment, "green" businesses must develop effective business models to survive the rigors of the marketplace as well as the extremes of nature, which effect commercial forestation businesses. Many tables and charts. Annotated bibliography.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Deforestation and Agricultural Expansion
Background and Overview
Distribution of Panama's Forest Lands and Rates of Deforestation Land Use Changes
Causes of Deforestation Consequences of Deforestation Impact on Agriculture and Supply
Climate Changes
Human Health
Forest Management in Panama
Signs of Progress
The Economic Value of Forest Benefits and Services
Deforestation and Property Rights
Findings and Discussion
Panama's Environment and the Components of its Eco-System
Economical and Social Consequences of Deforestation in Panama
The Climate Affected by the Loss of Forests
Forest Policies and the Existing Instruments to Conserve the Forest Areas
Ecological Viability of a Business in the Production Process, Beneficiary and Commercialization
Business Contribution
From the Paper "As a result of the enactment of a land tenure system in 1962, some small farmers in Panama have managed to acquire some land; nevertheless, by late in the 20th century fewer than one-third of all farms were owned by the people working them. The most common agricultural products include sugarcane, bananas, rice, plantains, corn (maize), and oranges, and the commercial cultivation of these and other crops increased considerably during the 20th century. Livestock raising (cattle, pigs, and poultry) is an important and long-established economic activity, and beef and hides are exported. The country's largest cattle-raising farms are in the southwestern savannas-in Chiriqui, Los Santos, and Veraguas provinces. The provinces of Panama, Los Santos, Chiriqui, and Veraguas raise the most pigs, whereas Panama, Cocle, and Colon are the largest centres for poultry and egg production."
Tags: biodiversity, vanilla, climate, health, rights
Abstract This paper examines the disastrous effects of deforestation. The paper explains that deforestation is detrimental to all of the plant and animal species of the world, including humans. The paper associates deforestation with a host of negative consequences and states that it stands poised to threaten the future of life on earth. The paper discusses habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity as a result of deforestation. The moral objections to deforestation are presented in the paper.
From the Paper "Deforestation can also have more immediate affects. Clear cutting of forests has been connected to regional increases in mercury levels in lakes and drinking water (Box, 2003). The natural biologic cycles within forests commonly retain the mercury that is released into the atmosphere from coal power plants and incinerators. When the forests are destroyed this mercury is left behind to seep into the ground. This poses an immediate and glaring problem for any members of nearby communities. This remains a significant problem, especially in industrialized nations, who have been forced to adopt more expensive water treatment practices as a result."
This paper is a general overview of the satellite radio industry, which uses satellites to beam exclusive, high-quality ad-free digital programming coast-to-coast. There is also a comparison of Sirius and XM Satellite Radio, the only two companies.
Abstract This paper relates that the satellite radio industry is in the very early stages with a predicted long, multi-year global growth curve. The author points out that Sirius has set the tone for the industry, being the first to offer commercial free programming on all its music channels and has larger selection of receivers, adapters and other products. XM has a cheaper subscription fee, at least for its basic plan, which offers much the same fare as its competitor. The paper concludes that Sirius and XM Satellite Radio companies have individual benefits, which will ensure their longevity in the satellite radio industry, and the companies are on a level playing field
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Satellite Radio
Overview of Sirius Satellite Radio
Overview of XM Satellite Radio
Comparative Analysis of Sirius and XM Satellite Radio
From the Paper "Just as many TV viewers have come to consider cable TV a life necessity, so too is satellite radio becoming a mainstream replacement for traditional AM/FM listening. Similar to cable, this service has to be paid for, but just as with cable, you get a lot more channels and edgier, more innovative programming. An additional benefit is that there is no loss of your favorite station as you travel across the state or country. As an added plus, satellite players show the artist and name of the song, which is definitely an incentive for those who like to know what they're listening to."
Abstract This paper explains that the advantage of satellite technology over direct wire transmission is obvious: Satellites can transmit data at light speed anywhere on the planet without impractical and costly wiring. The author writes about three general types of satellites, classified by the type of orbit they follow: (1) Geosynchronous orbit, GEO, in which the satellite's orbit is synchronized with the rotation of the earth; (2) Medium earth orbit, MEO, which gets closer to the earth because it utilizes an elliptical orbit, and (3) Low earth orbit, LEO, the most recent type of satellite, which are located approximately 450 miles above the surface of the Earth, and can be used for portable phones with smaller antennas. The paper relates that the attributes of satellite systems make them valuable for varying internet applications, but the primary difficulty now is congestion and associated delays; however, when LEO satellites become more abundant and dependable, it is probable that the amount of internet traffic, which LEO satellites can handle, will increase.
From the Paper "Fortunately, as the technologies improve-in both the internet and satellites-prices fall and these tools become more widely available. "Thanks to both the rapid deployment of the internet, and advances in satellite technology, the market for broadband satellite services is poised for substantial growth in the coming decade." Particularly, satellites in GEO orbits are being improved to be capable of relaying more information; with less latency and interference. Also, LEO satellites are being employed because they do not require the bulky equipment needed to improve the existing GEO satellites. Additionally, with the advent of dense wavelength division multiplexing along fiber optic cables, broadband capabilities should become exponentially greater."
This paper discusses on the use of satellite television and how the manufacturers and companies of satellite television plan to make it more common in the everyday home
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, 2002, $ 53.95
Abstract The paper should look at both pros and cons of satellite TV. The television signals transmitted by a satellite are quite different from the television or radio signals that are broadcast over the air. Satellite TV is transmitted by microwaves. Microwaves don't behave like the lower frequency radio waves of off-air television or radio, which can bounce off obstructions, clouds, and the ground. Microwaves are strictly line of sight. In order for a satellite dish to receive a signal, there can be no obstruction between the transmitting satellite and the receiving satellite dish.
Abstract In this article, the writer first defines core-satellite management and then discusses the efficency of the core-satellite portfolio model. The writer looks at the increase in exchange traded funds (ETFs) that are mainly used in the core of the portfolio. Furthermore, the writer notes that the list of alternative investments constantly increases, creating new possibilities for satellites. The writer maintains that thanks to the research, some models are improved and some others created that facilitate the use of the core-satellite management, for example, new methods are developed to measure hedge fund return. The paper includes color graphs and charts.
Outline:
Introduction
The Core-Satellite Model
Why the Core-Satellite Management?
The Tracking Error
Other Advantages/Drawbacks
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
Overview of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
What are ETFs?
What Kinds of ETFs Exist?
What are the Advantages of ETFs Versus Open-Ended Funds?
What are the Ways to Use ETFs?
Hedge Funds
Conclusion
From the Paper "The goal of the tracking error constraints is to limit the bad tracking error. However, tight tracking error constraints can lead to a suboptimal management of the portfolio.
"First, as most active managers still have dominant passive exposure to their benchmark, a great part of their fees reward a passively managed portfolio.
"Secondly, the active manager cannot use freely their skills. When an actively managed portfolio must follow a benchmark with tight tracking error constraints, it severely restricts the amount invested in active strategy. This means renouncing to opportunities of return enhancement and risk reduction. In case of economic downturn the opportunity cost is even higher because active absolute return strategies usually out-perform the market.
"With the core-satellite, on the contrary, because of the higher tracking error allowed to the satellites, the managers don't have to give up the potential of higher returns generated by selected active management strategies."
Abstract This paper examines the military technology, the global positioning system, which is a navigational system that comprises of a complex arrangement of satellites that orbit around the earth. It describes the technology, its evolution throughout the twentieth century, and its immense military application. The paper then illustrates the wider commercial use of the global positioning system in the latter part of the century.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Historical Events in the Global Positioning System Technology
The Origin
The World War II Era
Soviet Union's Sputnik-I
The Decade Before Developmental History (1964-1974)
Achievements of the Advancements
The Developmental History of the Global Positioning Satellites System
Pathway to the GPS Technology
The First GPS Satellite Subsequent Developments in the Global Positioning System
Technological Account of the Global Positioning System
Operational Details of GPS
Record Information in GPS Satellite Signals
Reception of Information from Global Positioning Satellites Communication Frequencies
Technological Advantages of the Global Positioning Satellites System
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "The technology behind the global positioning satellites system takes its origin from Marconi's comprehension of the radio waves and their utilization for transmission purposes. This radio wave technology was employed for social advantage in the course of 1920s. In these years, radio stations were established, which minimally required a receiver to commence operation. A complex model of the same simple technology applies to the functioning of the global positioning satellites system."
Abstract This paper explores satellite internet and its application in rural areas where traditional Internet connections are not possible. Satellite Internet is made possible in two different ways. A one-way satellite internet connection requires the user to have a phone line so that the request for a data download is made via the copper line and the download is sent using the satellite link up. The second type of connection involves the download request to be sent through the satellite Internet as well as the receiving information. Satellite Internet is becoming increasingly important for rural farmers as it gives them a sustainable competitive advantage. The need to access reliable and real-time agricultural information is critical to decision making and future farming success.
From the Paper "The use of satellite Internet is becoming increasingly important for farmers in remote locations allowing them to access integral information for vital decisions. Recently in the agricultural sector, uptake of such technology has seen a dramatic increase [9]. This paper will firstly discuss satellite Internet and the two types of connections: one-way and two-way connections. The way data is transmitted will be looked at as well as the associated advantages and disadvantages for each method. Then the focus will turn to the benefits these technologies can provide to farmers in rural locations."
Abstract Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests and woodlands. The increasing world population requires greater food production and deforestation occurs as the forests are converted for agricultural uses. The paper shows that in the last three decades, one-fifth of all tropical forests were lost. Currently, 12 million hectares of forests are cleared annually. The paper examines how deforestation affects the world's eco-system and destroys species of plants and animals that can never be returned to nature.
From the Paper "The facts and ideas mentioned lead one to conclude that, with the present rate of destruction of the tropical rain forests throughout the world, there is great danger of mass extinction of thousands of species. This is due to the simple fact that primary tree species from the tropical rain forests are incapable of recolonizing large areas opened to intensive and extensive agriculture."
This paper looks at the pressing environmental issues of genetically modified crop cultivation and deforestation in Latin America, as well as possible solutions.
Abstract This paper discusses how Latin America has been struggling with some serious environmental concerns over the last two decades. Air and water pollution, pesticide abuse, soil degradation and deforestation are some of the pressing issues in this part of the world. Furthermore, this paper looks at the case of Argentina to see how the country, which has been struggling through an economic crisis, has seen the bitter end of an environmental catastrophe, and its efforts at redeeming the situation. The drastic effects of genetically modified crop cultivation (in particular GM Soya) and deforestation, the two most important environmental issues, are assessed in this essay.
Outline:
Introduction
GM Soya (A boon or Bane?)
Deforestation Solutions to Environmental Problems
Conclusion
From the Paper "The FSC, developed after the Rio Digenero summit in 1992, focused on the increased global requirement and the depletion of natural resources. FSC is a non-profit organization that offers environmentally sound solutions for managing forests around the world. Asides playing an active supporting role in developing the national and regional forest management standards, the FSC also works with local certifiers to ensure FSC compliance standards are met. In Argentina, the FSC is playing an active monitoring role, and thus the rapid deforestation activities from the paper and other industries, which were thus far unchecked, would now be carefully monitored and assessed for their environmental impact. The Success of the FSC initiative can be attested by the fact that six plantation companies in the country namely Santa Barbara SRL, Faplac, Fiplasto, Forestal Las Marias, Lipsia, Tabepicua, and the Union Bank of Switzerland have become FSC certified bringing a total forest area of around 131,000 hectares under the FSC certification process."
Tags: genetically modified, crops deforestation solutions argentina effects
