Abstract The paper relates that John Searle developed his Chinese room argument in response to some of those who argue that strong artificial intelligence is possible. As will be shown, the Chinese room argument was a thought experiment that appeared to constitute a good argument against the possibility of strong artificial intelligence. The paper shows how it was a sufficiently good argument that many people have been provoked to present counter-arguments in an attempt to rebut Searle's argument. In the paper, the Systems Reply will be considered, as it is proposed that this is the strongest reply to date.
Abstract This paper looks at ways in which this nation's emergency rooms are made inefficient for both the patients who they are meant to serve and the professionals that staff them, due to delays. This paper first reviews the literature and then evaluates the causes of lengthy emergency department wait times. This paper concludes with recommendations and ideas for possible solutions to this problem.
From the Paper "This paper will analyze the wait time as seen in this nation's hospital emergency rooms. The four scholarly sources to be used are as follows. In "Making room for more," from the journal Modern Healthcare, Mary Chris Jaklevic studies the problems of a swamped Chicago emergency department and the remedies that were implemented. In "Avoiding the health care squeeze," Susan J. Wells looks at ways in which certain health care groups have streamlined their struggling emergency departments. In "Emergency department operations: The basis for developing a simulation tool," Marmor and Sinreich detail how technology has been used to best avoid inefficiency in emergency rooms. Finally, in "Urban health care in transition: Challenges facing Los Angeles County," from the journal Health Care Financing Review, Long and Zuckerman detail Los Angeles' plans to revamp traditional emergency medicine by depending instead on community-based care."
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the characters within "A Room with a View" by E.M. Foster and "Jacob's Room" by Virginia Woolf. The characters Lucy and Jacob both represent two different classes of people in their contrast, but invariably present similar instances of independent lifestyles that stray from societal norms.
From the Paper "In this literary study a character analysis in the novels A Room with A View by E.M. Foster and Jacob's Room by Virginian Woolf will be examined. The two characters Jacob and Lucy will be brought forth to reveal comparing and contrasting elements of class differentiation and their perceptions of life. While Jacob and Lucy both represent drastically different classes of people; they invariably reflect similar characteristics in how they achieve independence in their lives. In the novel Jacob's Room the main character Jacob represents a middle class individual who has a yearning desire to experience life. However, his middle class upbringing reveals the hardships of his life that he will ultimately face, especially due to his inexperience as a youth."
Abstract This paper discusses the increasing preference of women to give birth in birthing rooms. It discusses the benefits of the relaxed and comfortable environment of the birth rooms and how many hospitals are now beginning to build birthing rooms. The paper discusses the necessary amenities that should be available in all birthing rooms for a comfortable, yet safe delivery.
From the Paper "Recent research has shown that the place of birth has a direct impact on the pace and quality of delivery, and when the woman feels confident and satisfied with the choice that she has made about her place of delivery, then she can be sure that her delivery would be as uncomplicated and natural as she desired it to be. A birthing room in a hospital, with the bare minimum of medical intervention and a homely atmosphere, with provisions for the partner and the family of the woman to take part in the amazing phenomenon of birth would be the ideal option for today's woman having a baby, unless she has had complications during her pregnancy, for which a hospital setting would be a much better option. Having a safe and comfortable and natural delivery is the ideal of every woman on earth, and if a hospital facilitates this, then the woman would be obliged forever to the hospital and the medical team that helped create this setting and put it into action. (Evidence regarding place of birth)"
Abstract When James Baldwin published his novel, "Giovanni's Room", in the 1950's, he was roundly criticized and judged for its then provocative images of homosexuality. This paper shows, however, that not all critics chastised Baldwin and describes some of the more positive reviews written about the novel. The paper then offers a critical perspective surrounding the time of publication of "Giovanni's Room" and examines James Baldwin within the context of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements of the 1960s. This is followed by an examination of the metaphorical 'room' in the novel. The paper concludes with James Baldwin's views on homosexuality and his personal struggle with his own sexuality.
From the Paper "It can be argued that David, a white bi-sexual in search of his true sexual identity, torn between a gay love for Giovanni and a heterosexual love for Hella his lady friend, is himself a symbol ? through the novel ? of the alienation black homosexuals felt in the American culture. As an expatriate, David is by definition a man without a country, an outcast (which, as explained above, a gay black man like James was in the black U.S. community); and here in Paris, at the beginning of the novel, he can deceive himself into thinking he is a man with some substance. He isn"t a man of substance, because he is still in search of his own sexual identity, and he can"t rid himself of a homoerotic, friendship with "Joey" from his childhood."
Abstract The paper analyzes how the 1989 case of Ryan White, a patient who was given an AIDS contaminated blood transfusion in an emergency room, subsequently causing his death, began to create a growing anxiety for patients relating to emergency room care. The paper further analyzes how the United States will face a serious nursing and physician shortage in the next decade because of an increase in retirements; job dissatisfaction; and the aging 70 million members of the baby boomer generation. The paper concludes that Americans have reason to wonder if the care that they will receive in hospital emergency rooms will be adequate.
Abstract The paper discusses how the increase in diversity within modern elementary schools demands that greater effort is put into creating an environment in which all children can be successful. The paper examines what comprises a successful elementary school resource room that will be able to service all of the needs of a diverse student population. The paper looks at the types of students who would engage in this resource room, the kinds of services that would be provided, as well as the resources, materials and funding available for such a resource room.
From the Paper "The modern elementary school environment plays host to a plethora of students with different needs. Elementary resource rooms therefore must also be modified to help a greater diversity of students. Traditionally resources rooms were intended for special education needs. These students will have a variety of needs as, "The effects of physical disabilities may be visible or invisible. They include inability to walk and/or use the arms, hands or fingers, often resulting in the use of aids such as wheelchairs, calipers, crutches or walking sticks. Attendants may be needed for personal care and the student may rely on others for transport, photocopying, study notes and library assistance."(Sydney, npg)."
Abstract This paper analyzes the theme in "A Room of One's Own" , which discusses why there has been such a paucity of female fiction writers. The paper summarizes the reasons Woolf provides for this paucity and talks about what other feminist authors would say of Woolf's writings. Some of the criticisms that have been leveled at "A Room of One's Own" are also covered by this paper.
From the Paper "If, on the other hand, had Judith had money and education, we would perhaps be revering and celebrating the plays and stories of a Judith Shakespeare. While emphasizing the importance of financial freedom, Woolf acknowledges that her own literary pursuits have been enabled by her aunt Mary Beton who has bequeathed her five hundred pounds for the rest of her life. The book, based on a lecture delivered at Cambridge University, is quasi-fictional. Woolf admits to liberally creating fictional characters to further her cause. The name Mary Breton does occur in several settings?the name for her aunt and also a friend. No dishonesty is implied in the fictional accounts and they should not be construed as such."
Abstract This paper discusses Virginia Woolf's writing, "A Room of One's Own", which uses the stream of consciousness technique and talks about the prejudices and inequality that women, particularly women artists, faced in 19th century society, in Woolf's case, 19th century English society. It looks at how, in this work, Woolf cites the historical, social, political, and even economic dynamics that influence the society's outlook on the women sector, i.e., that women should not enjoy the freedom that men receive from the society. It also explores how, by discussing and analyzing the treatment of human society to women, Woolf objectively narrates, in detail, the discrimination committed against women in the third chapter of "A Room of One's Own"
From the Paper "The lack of acceptance of society to revolutionary changes about women's roles and image, which involves behavior and actions that are submissive to men and the society in general, is just one point that Woolf addresses in ?A Room.? Going further her ?monologue,? she enumerates the hindrances that prevent women from attaining a status equal to or higher than male artists, which are material and immaterial. The material hindrance concerns economic freedom, where Woolf posits, ?? for women"to have a room of her own" was out of the question? [s]ince her pin money? was only enough to keep her clothed; she was debarred from such alleviations?? This passage can be interpreted literally and figuratively, where the literary interpretation centers on the economic constraints that society imposes on women, resulting to financial dependency to men and ignorance because of lack of or insufficient education."
Abstract This paper studies the role of entrepreneurialism within the hospitality industry, particularly the rooms division management. The paper argues that despite the current success of the industry, entrepreneurialism and initiative are essential to its continued growth. The paper begins with an overview of the field of rooms division management, which includes responsibilities over revenue management, profitability, front office operations and the lodging and guest cycle. The paper then defines entrepreneurial management as building sustainable business through a continuous process. Included in this, according to the paper, is a reliance on management teams. The paper demonstrates how these operations require an entrepreneurial mindset based on the ability to "think outside the box". Examples focus on traditional financial management and yield management.
Introduction
Entrepreneurial Thinking
Leadership vs. Management
Traditional Financial Management
Yield Management
Conclusion
From the Paper "Entrepreneurial thinking offers ways of looking for different and new solutions. For Rooms Divisions Managers, this means looking past the traditional needs for hospitality-related services and finding proactive ways to secure higher revenues both now and in the future. People in management positions must think entrepreneurially in order to improve profitability, enhance guest relations, and strengthen the establishment's position in the community (Carwright, 2002).
It takes entrepreneurial thinking to overcome obstacles before they become problems. The Rooms Divisions Manager must have superior business as well as personal strengths such as good communication skills, the ability to promote teamwork and a sense of confidence and authority (Carwright, 2002)."
Abstract Virginia Woolf's "A Room of One's Own" contains half a dozen excellent chapters, but it is the last two chapters, five and six, that this paper focuses upon. In so doing, the paper makes it apparent that Virginia Woolf believes a few things to be manifestly self evident: women must learn to speak for themselves, they must learn to think androgynously if they are to become their full selves, they must have money, and they must be prepared to push their way into the professions to acquire the independence they need to have a room of their own.
Abstract Virginia Woolf's concern with the theme of feminism is highly apparent in her resounding essay on women and literature. In particular, it looks at how she begins her discourse flawlessly, introducing her idea of the necessity of wealth within the first couple of pages of "A Room of One's Own". This paper discusses how Woolf argues her thesis tastefully, powerfully presenting the idea that a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction and how female creativity was stifled by economic circumstance.
From the Paper "Woolf seems to suggest that perhaps women's literature is somewhat lacking because, in the past, women did not have the education, the income, the privacy, the experience, or the time to write. She illustrates this in her account by providing an interesting comparison between a men's and women's college. She strays off of the beaten path and onto the grass, surely not allowing the metaphor of the moment to escape the reader, but is promptly stopped by a university security guard. This security guard holds much significance, perhaps symbolizing the male gender as a whole, and enforcing the rule by which women are not
allowed to walk on the grass."
Abstract This paper describes Jonathan Swift's poem, "The Lady's Dressing Room", which is about a couple named Celia and Strephon. Celia is away and Strephon is curious as to what is inside Celia's dressing room. The paper explains that this poem portrays a popular belief amongst most men that a woman is supposed to be refined in every way and that when this idea of her is tainted it somehow makes her less of a woman. After analyzing the poem, the paper concludes that, just as women in the 18th century were supposed to display qualities that were goddess-like, women of today have similar expectations to live up to. The expectation is perfection but the attempt to reach perfection causes many of the self esteem problems that women face today.
From the Paper "While there seems to be a goddess-like expectation of women in the 18th century, the same expectations hang over women's head today. There is this push to be beautiful always because first impressions mean everything. In order to feel confident about themselves, women put on makeup, style their hair, and wear flattering clothes. There are entire stores dedicated to beauty. You can find a multitude of different types and brands of the same product. There are beauty salons everywhere, and there are too many clothing stores to count."
Abstract An analysis of the Maltese home as a reflection of the image of the people. The author investigates the symbolic meaning of the rooms, how they are built and decorated to explain the Maltese culture.
From the Paper "Definition of the image and meaning of the house can help explain the differences between cultures: Homes are a reflection of its inhabitants and collectively they can form the image of a people. The Maltese home is the center of life for many a housewife. The concept and application of women's emancipation have still to make an impact on a large number of the women in Malta, many of who still feel that the main purpose in her life is to provide a good home for the requisite husband and 2.4 children. The Maltese housewife is still, as a rule, the queen of her castle and woe betide anyone who may sully her doorstep!"
Abstract This paper provides an in-depth biography of author Virginia Woolf. The author also discusses "A Room of One's Own" by Woolf and gathers some of Woolf's essays on women and literature. The writer discusses these essays in the light of modern women's liberation movements.
From the Paper "Woolf lays out several conditions that are necessary for women to be able to write literature. They include leisure time, privacy, and financial independence. She contends it has been much harder for women to write literature because throughout history they have been deprived of these basic needs. The title comes from the line "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."
