Abstract
This paper analyzes the oppression of men through the study of characters and their experiences in two literary works, 'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare and' M. Butterfly' by David Henry Hwang. According to the paper, it has been argued that violence against women is only one corner of a triad of men's violence. It further states that the other two corners are violence against other men and violence against themselves. The paper concludes that the three corners of the triad reinforce one another. This paradigm is shown in the literary works that are cited in the paper.

From the Paper
"This paper will analyze the oppression of men through the study of characters and their experiences in two literary works, "Romeo and Juliet" by William Shakespeare and "M. Butterfly" by David Henry Hwang. Kaufman (1987) argues, "violence against women is only one corner of a triad of men's violence", and that "the other two corners are violence against other men and violence against themselves" and that "the three corners of the triad reinforce one another". Masculinity is fragile because it is socially constructed and men have to struggle everyday against anything within themselves that many be perceived as not masculine: anything..."

Tags:men, oppression, patriarchy

Abstract
This paper analyzes the oppression of men through the study of characters and their experiences in two literary works, "Romeo and Juliet" by William Shakespeare and "M. Butterfly" by David Henry Hwang. The paper explains that masculinity is fragile because it is socially constructed and men have to struggle everyday against anything within themselves that many be perceived as not masculine: anything passive, any attraction to the same sex, and even displays of vulnerability are all suppressed. The paper argues that Romeo stepped out of the 'masculinity' assigned to him socially, and because of this, suffered. The paper also looks at how Gallimard, is insecure in his masculinity and uses it, along with his racism and prejudice to destroy himself. In conclusion the paper shows that the male protagonists in both plays are in a way a victim of patriarchy because they do not conform to the 'masculine' ideal.

From the Paper
"Looking at the text closer, it is clear that Romeo does not exhibit typical masculine characteristics, and that Juliet often acts as the more aggressive, less 'feminine' one of the pair. This is evident from the beginning of the play all the way through to the end, where each chooses a different way to die. In the first scene of the play we are introduced to Romeo, both his parents are worried about him, as he seems melancholic. He is sad, in love, and because of this he suffers. All of these are not very masculine characteristics. He loves to read, is keen on poetry, and loves to be in love. All these characteristics could be considered 'feminine'."

Tags:masculinity, violence, feminine, vulnerability, characters, protagonist

Abstract
An analysis of the David Henry Hwang play "M. Butterfly", focusing on issues of imperalism, sexism and racism. The paper considers the prejudicial views of both the East and the West that warp judgment.

From the Paper
""M. Butterfly" is based on a true life story of a minor French Diplomat's long affair with a Chinese Peking Opera star who turned out to be both a spy and a man. The essential themes of the story are Western Imperialism and Eastern duplicity. (Grenier) However, racism, sexism and homophobia are all undercurrents of the story. In the play, Hwang's character song seduces Rene Gallimard and in the..."

Tags:M Butterfly, Hwang, sexism, racism, imperialism

Abstract
This paper shows the sexual gender and stereotype roles in the play "M. Butterfly" by David Hwang.

Tags:david, hwang's, butterfly

Abstract
This paper examines how, in David Henry Hwang's "M. Butterfly", a wide variety of characters and dialogue are used to explore the feminist viewpoint that men try to control women because of self-doubts and insecurities. It looks at how this is exposed as a fruitless and impossible way to establish a productive, working relationship between men and women. From the three gossipers, to Gallimard and Marc, from Gallimard and Renee to Gallimard and Song, it discusses how Hwang inspects feminism using a new and unusual viewpoint throughout the play, which he asserts in various ways.

From the Paper
"While the play was borne of racial stereotypes, it evolves more into a tale exposing the intricacies of male-female relations, using East-West misconceptions as a medium, and focuses on the protective fantasies of men. The story, told after Gallimard's arrest, drips with cynicism and sarcasm. In flashbacks, Gallimard (the diplomat), describes his perception of the play, "Madame Butterfly," relating his own love affair with Song Li Ling, who him/herself expresses why he/she participated in it. Gallimard, a faceless unimportant diplomat begins to gain confidence as his "Madame Butterfly," submits to him. Further, as this is accomplished he moves up in diplomatic circles. "

Tags:Gallimard, Marc, Song

Abstract
The paper explains how the play and film of "M. Butterfly" both tell the same story in much the same way, but there are some details that are very different and the way elements are emphasized is different. It shows how both the play and the film raise the same essential question for the viewer, though, a question that was originally raised by the true story on which each is based: Given that the diplomat in the story has an affair for several years with a man dressed as a woman and claimed not to know that this was a man and not a woman, how is this possible?

From the Paper
"The external world of the film is more realistic than the "suggested" world of the stage, and this also undercuts the way the play deals with the conflict between reality and illusion because it makes reality more real and the illusion more obviously an illusion. The way Hwang develops Song Liling contributes to the essential deconstruction of Madame Butterfly, for while Song Liling decries the story of the opera, he makes use of it to seduce Gallimard and plays the part of Cio-Cio San in their relationship. "

Tags:French, diplomat, Rene, Gallimard, John, Lone, Song, Liling

Abstract
The paper discusses how "M. Butterfly" is a play about the power of stereotypes to do harm, both to the person and the culture they are inflicted against, and also against the people who hold such stereotypes. The paper describes how, at the end of the play, Gallimard is destroyed because he realizes his life was based upon a lie, just as China was harmed by the lies and exploitation of Western colonialism. The paper examines how the conflict of gender, national, and identity issues are dramatically depicted in David Hwang's "M. Butterfly," when the French diplomat Rene Gallimard falls in love with a feminine image of the East, in the persona of the actress Song Liling.

From the Paper
"Gallimard has a psychological as well as a national and gender based need to see Song as feminine. Thus, the gender disguises of the play do not merely invert stereotypes of male and female, Asian and West. They also destroy the security of Gallimard's own identity as a strong, male Westerner with power. Song Liling is not only a man. Song uses Gallimard's own cultural stereotypes to exploit the Frenchman. Gallimard begins the play thinking he is the Western, White man taking advantage of the virginal 'Oriental' maiden. But like the opera's "Madam Butterfly," Gallimard ends the play abandoned, disgraced, cut off from his countrymen and finally suicidal. Thus Gallimard's own secure identity as a powerful man has been so undercut, he cannot live with himself, because he no longer knows who he is as a person."

Tags:exotic, persona, race, gender, personal, identity, Asian-American, Tony, Award

Abstract
This paper discusses the gender conflict in the play 'M Butterfly' by David Henry Hwang. According to the paper, this work is based on the romantic relationship of Song and Gallimard. In many ways, Gallimard offers a typical sexist male gender role behavior toward the typically female, Song. These gender norms appear to be colluding in unison for the couple, but are ultimately destroyed when Gallimard learns if his lovers true sex. This provides the foundation for gender norms, and Hwang reverses these roles in a clever plot twist through romance, espionage, and culture.

From the Paper
"This drama study will analyze the gender conflict that arises within the play: M Butterfly by David Henry Hwang. Much of the play revolves around Song, and her unique ability to seduce Gallimard with her submissive and seemingly passive female behaviors. However, the backdrop to her femininity is merely a mask for the male gender intrigue that surrounds her real identity as a man. In this study, the basis of gender conflict within this story reveals the darker side of male-female relationships through the conflicting masquerades of character identity within this play by David Henry Hwang. The initial and defining role of Song in this play revolves around the imperialistic sexism of Rene Gallimard, a French diplomat traveling through China. "

Tags:hwang, literature, drama

Abstract
"M. Butterfly" deconstructs Western stereotypes of the East and the women of the East. It reveals the multiplicity of individual relationships and their meanings in social and political contexts. Within the duality of masculinity-femininity and West-East, the play brings forth the aspects of power embedded in Western stereotypes of the femininity of the East, which is comparable to the power involved in political imperialism. With the deconstruction of the stereotypes and reversal of the duality, the play leads the audience to new political consciousness and look at the Western as well as Eastern stereotypes critically.

From the Paper
"Playwright David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly is based on a true story. In 1964, a French diplomat stationed in China fell in love with a native Chinese opera singer, lived with her for twenty years, and believed he had fathered a child by her, and then discovered she was a man. One would expect Hwang's play to be a farce -- and yet it is not a farce at all. It is a deeply riveting study of not only the psychology of two individuals but of the way the West stereotypes the East and prefers its fantasies to the reality of a changing Orient."

Tags:butterflies, madame