Abstract
The paper discusses the theme of the "risk society" in respect to food production and distribution. The paper defines the term "risk society" and looks at how decisions are made to ignore risks in order to benefit from the overall convenience gained through using a commercialized food distribution system. The paper discusses the specific risks associated with commercialized agriculture. The paper points out how some consumers avoid these risks through engaging in alternative food acquisition systems, such as purchasing organic products or buying food through community supported agriculture organizations.

Outline:
Introduction
The Theme of the Risk Society
Risk Society and the Rationale for Alternative Food Supplies
Examples of Alternative Food Supplies
Summary

From the Paper
"Mainstreamed, commercialized food distribution tends to be a heavily industrialized process. When food is treated like a commodity, it is purposefully marketed towards potential consumers and made available through specific modes of sale, such as supermarkets and restaurants. This process does help facilitate the movement of food through transportation and improves access to food products among those consumers who are in proximity to local points of distribution. However, some social scientists suggest that it is easy to confuse the aspects of convenience with those of safety, especially when it is frequently argued that a centralized system of food distribution enables ease of access for monitoring food product safety through the use of independent government oversight (e.g.: the Food and Drug Administration). In this sense, it can be argued that these perceptions of commercialized food purposefully ignore the risks that are associated with convenient food distribution."

Tags:organic, commercialized, food, distribution, production

Abstract
This paper shall explore the theme of the "risk society" in respect to food production and distribution. First, it defines the term "risk society" which describes the unseen side effects of industrial production. Additionally, it also indicates that there are conscious and unconscious decisions made to ignore these risks in order to benefit from the overall impression of convenience gained through using a commercialized food distribution system.

From the Paper
"Mainstreamed, commercialized food distribution tends to be a heavily industrialized process. When food is treated like a commodity, it is purposefully marketed towards potential consumers and made available through specific modes of sale, such as supermarkets and restaurants. This process does help facilitate the movement of food through transportation and improves access to food products among those consumers who are in..."

Tags:food, farming, organic

Abstract
This paper examines the current and future market situation for the leading fast food restaurants in America. The paper begins with a thorough assessment of the financial and marketing considerations for the industry. Next the paper examines how traditional growth engines, such as R&D and technology investment can be utilized to help grow the fast food business. The paper concludes with recommendations for the future, and then offers an appendix on statistical trends in food consumption -- particularly as it relates to fast food.

Outline:
Financial Analysis
Stock/Investment Outlook
Potential/Prospective for Growth
Competitive Structure
Role of Research and Development
Technological Investment and Analysis
Recommendation for the Future
New Trends In Food Preparation and Eating

From the Paper
"In today's market the state of the fast food industry can be summed up in two words: "fiercely competitive." McDonald's and Burger King, two fast food giants, dominate the industry but many smaller companies such as Checkers, Subway, and Taco Bell are starting to make a large dent in fast food sales. The number of fast food restaurants increased by 5% in 1995 adding more competition to an already staggering number of restaurants. Fast food continues to be very popular helping to ease the competition for customers. Americans are working longer hours leaving less time to cook at home. With less time on their hands consumers are turning towards fast food. Of the total number of people dining out 66% go to a fast food restaurant. Americans spent 93 billion dollars on fast food in 1995 accounting for 49% of total eat out food expenditures. Value pricing and larger portions are popular trends to meet consumer demand for cheap, plentiful food. Companies stay competitive by attracting customers through advertising and movie sponsorship. Marketing expenditures are gigantic in the fast food industry with many companies spending up to 25% of total expenses on advertising. Aggressive global expansion has increased fast food sales and promises to provide strong future growth. Large, untapped marketplaces exist for fast food in both industrialized and developing nations."

Tags:McDonalds, Burger, King, Wendys, Taco, Bell, market, finance, food, sales

Abstract
This research study examines the fast-food aspect of globalization as the fast-food culture and popularity has spread worldwide and much to the dismay of the adults in some of these countries because fast-food violates many traditional and historical principles within some of these cultures and has resulted in a dramatic change in the way of life insofar as the consumption of food is concerned. Toward this end, this study conducts an extensive review of literature in this area of study in order to ascertain to what extent that the fast-food culture has affected the culture of other countries and also disseminates the total impact that globalization has had upon changing food consumption patterns in foreign countries.

Outline:
Introduction
Mc-Globalization
Erosion of Cultural Identities
Decentralization as Felt by Foreigners
Health Effects
Conceptual Framework of Analysis
World Health Organization (WHO) Report
Figure 1,2,3 & 4
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is clear that globalization has resulted in fast-food impacting cultures of other countries in a manner that has effectively disrupted the cultural and societal mores and principles relating to food consumption in countries throughout the world. The effects that fast-food Americanization has had upon countries include but are not limited to cultural changes, familial changes, changes in customs and traditions concerning birthdays, and the manner in which food is consumed as well as the environment in which food is consumed. Additionally, effects have included negative health effects among children who are the focus of packaging and marketing of fast-food items.'

Tags:eating, habits, overweight, way, of, thinking, snack

Abstract
This paper analyzes kosher food and Jewish dietary laws. It looks at the various types of kosher food, the Jewish laws pertaining to kosher food, and the selection and preparation of kosher foods. The paper begins by defining what makes food kosher or not. It looks at the differences between meats, dairy products and canned goods. The paper also describes the prevalence of kosher food consumption in the United States.

Table of Contents:
What Is Kosher
The Rules Regarding Kashrut
Laws Concerning Meat and Dairy Products
Canned Foods: Are They Kosher
The Packaging of Kosher Foods

From the Paper
"Is it important to consider the packaging of kosher foods? Yes. If restrictions are used in canning these foods and in the food additives that are used, should not the packaging be kosher? It is important to understand that the printing inks and other types of packaging may have materials that are not kosher. "Many components of inks, coatings, adhesives, and packaging materials may be animal-based (glycerols, stearates, peptones, etc.), and several, such as caseins and lactic acids, are dairy in nature" (Lustig 140). If these materials come in contact with the food, then the item is no longer kosher. It is important for these inks to be certified as kosher."

Tags:kashrut, shechitah, edible

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the belief expressed in "The Environment, Our Natural Resources, and Modern Technology" by the author, a professor of economics and food science, that supposedly positive assertions as ?buy organic?, in regards to changing consumer behavior, are quite questionable and have had dangerous worldwide implications. The paper cites the negative and dangerous consequences of such behavior listed in the book and explains DeGregori's reasoning and arguments for his position. Finally, the paper points out some of the weaknesses of DeGregori's book and points out that, while environmentalism as a movement has its excesses and moral sanctimony, this must be separated from the real and dangerous effects of modern commercial farming.

From the Paper
"Green is good. Buy organic. Down with genetically modified "franken foods"! Such environmentalist assertions have the ring of modern truisms. Often, the impetus to recycling can have a moral drive to the way that the ideology is enforced upon every street corner, from the shrill wastebaskets that proclaim "for cans and bottles only" to the supermarket aisles that scream "no pesticides used." The modern distaste for technology can be hypocritical as well as hysterical in its intensity at times. After all, such technological innovations as the CD transmit far better musical sound quality than the LP. (DeGregori, 2002, 152). And, more to the point, the modern revolution in food production and shipping has enabled modern individuals to have, at their fingertip's access, enormous amounts of healthy produce, in and out of season, and to be able to eat high-protein, high-calcium foods at great convenience and relatively little cost."

Tags:bounty, african, privation, hunger, genetically, modified, purity, consumerism, junk, science

Abstract
This paper explains that risk in contemporary society now has a new level of ethics within its politics that is created by a tug of war between instigators and spin machines. Next, the author relates that a high degree of uncertainty is one of the main features of a risk society because the information presented on several dominant issues are based on speculation or scientific projection rather than fact. The paper investigates the issues of individualism and of the problem of obesity in a risk society. The paper includes quotations.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Risk in Contemporary Society
Individualization
Obesity

From the Paper
"The public in general both as individuals and political entities tend to intermix with the scientific society of experts more so in this highly advanced era of technology than ever before, by necessity. With science dominating political decision we can no longer afford to accept what we read without engaging in the findings of experts, as only then can we make an informed choice of where we stand on highly moral yet complex issues reliant on expert analysis. Once these complexities are understood on a first-hand basis rather than one of heresy, only then can we decide if a risk exists or whether there is a more political motive than expert suggestion taking place."

Tags:trigger, evidence, motives, speculation, probabilities

Abstract
Brand extension is a product that carries the name of a known brand even as the new product fills a market need different from that of the parent brand. The conclusion of this paper is that the introduction of new products is an essential element of competition between food companies and that innovation definitely gives them a competitive edge. The paper shows that with brand extension, food companies found an effective strategy to reduce the risks of new product development.

From the Paper
"Such success of brand extensions is witnessed often in the food industry where, as noted earlier, innovation can make or unmake companies. From hamburgers at the start, for example, McDonald's has since included fried chicken and countless other food products in its menu to keep its lead position in the fast-food sector. KFC used the same brand extension strategy successfully by coming out with numerous food items other than fried chicken."

Tags:gauge, positioning, R&D, consumer, demands

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that theories on rehabilitation universally suggest that younger offenders are more likely to be "cured" than older, hardened criminals. At the same time, the writer points out that most young criminals mature out of crime, and are no longer a risk to society. Due to the limited nature of funds and resources for correctional systems, it is important to identify which offenders will be most likely to benefit from intensive correctional interventions. This paper attempts to define real-world solutions for identifying these youth. The paper is heavily researched and relies on citations from many sources, plus each section is headed with a relevant quote from literature to tie ideas together. Paper was graded 100% in a 400-level criminology class.

From the Paper
"Criminal justice sanctions for young offenders are constantly under scrutiny by lawmakers, the public, and the press. Society demands justice, a concept generally defined as both retribution and rehabilitation in the case of juveniles. Historically, most young offenders either age out of crime, or find that a single experience with the juvenile justice system is enough to set them on the right path. For those juveniles who do not respond to their first experience with the criminal justice system, society must then weigh long-term incarceration or the application of specific interventions designed to prevent further criminality. The difficulty in identifying these individuals lies in the psychological immaturity of young offenders who are easily influenced by factors that may not follow them into adulthood. This paper offers suggestions for identifying juveniles who present the highest risk of reoffense."

Tags:justice, criminal, sanctions, incarceration, jail

Abstract
This paper presents a research paper that discusses the the impact that culture has on the consumption of fast food and compares the difference in buying behavior in different countries. The paper investigates the major factors that affect customer's choice in fast food and comments on the relationship between food consumptions and health. The paper includes tables and figures.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Background of the Study
Methodology
Introduction
Research Questions
Literature Review

From the Paper
"Globalization is greatly changing society and culture all around the globe in terms of consumer choices, lifestyle, individual preferences, socialization and custom and at the same time all of these factors are individualizing and changing specific aspects of marketing for fast food restaurants such as McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and others. In short, understanding factors affecting consumer choices regarding fast food is a complex focus of research because many diverse and various factors must be taken into consideration in terms of fast food and indeed the non-foodness' of fast food must be examined. 'Non-foodness' is a term coined in the work of Kwan which is a term used to refer to other reasons that fast food is chosen for consumption among consumers internationally."

Tags:consumption, countries, non-food, related, factors, nutritional, value