Abstract
This paper explains to a manufacturing company how each of the following recommendations for recognizing revenue and expenses will assist the organization in meeting its goals. The paper also explains why alternative revenue recognition methods were not chosen.



1) Revenue Recognition Methods

2) Expensing Recognition Methods

3) Expensing of Stock Options

From the Paper
"There are two different ways to recognize revenues. One way is the accrual accounting method. The other way to recognize revenues involves cash basis accounting. Al Rosen writes, in "Canadian Business", that under the accrual basis for accounting, revenue is recognized when either or both of the following conditions are met: the revenue is substantially earned or the revenue is realized or realizable. In other words, revenue is earned when products are delivered or services are provided. Under the accrual basis for accounting expenses must be..."

Tags:FASB, GAAP, accounting, revenue recognition, cost, accrual basis, matching principle, expensing stock options.

Abstract
The paper lists the five steps a company would have to follow in order to apply the new revenue recognition proposal and then explores the concerns of the construction industry in implementing these new standards. The paper explains that construction companies would not be able to recognize any revenue until ownership of a project is transferred to the client, and, these financial statements will require more time to create and and will therefore be costly. The paper admits that the need for more stringent policies is greater now than ever, but argues that an attempt to create a "one size fits all" policy may not be the best type of policy to implement in the complex global economy.

From the Paper
"In October 2002, FASB and IASB publicly issued a memorandum stating their commitment towards a united accounting standard (Business Wire, 1). Today, the two Boards have created an exposure draft for the project, and held a comment period that ended October 22, 2010. The project aims to provide a solid framework for addressing recognition discrepancies, simplify financial statement preparation, dispose of inconsistencies or weaknesses in existing standards, and "improve comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets" (fasb.org, Project Updates). The key notion of the draft is that revenue should be recognized from contracts when a business transfers goods (or services) to the customer in the amount the business receives or expects to receive from the customer (FASB News Release 06/24/10)."

Tags:revenue, ownership, transactions, financial, statements

Abstract
This paper examines the reasons why revenues for the city of Charlotte have increased over the past year, pointing out that this may be because of a significant increase in the population and the growth of business throughout the community. The paper further notes how these revenues have often not been sufficient to meet the costs connected to services and programs in the city, creating instances of budget cuts and deficits that the city is attempting to address. Nevertheless, it is indicates that there is a surplus of funds that exist at the conclusion of the fiscal year, which are used by discretionary evaluation of community need.

From the Paper
"Revenues for the city of Charlotte have continued to increase over the past year because of a significant increase in the population and the growth of business throughout the community. However, these revenues have often not been sufficient to meet the costs connected to services and programs in the city, creating instances of budget cuts and deficits that..."

Tags:charlotte, revenues, funding

Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of revenue management in a small business. The paper also includes a discussion of strategic planning and having a mission statement to follow. A look at why small businesses are forming relationships with universities is included as well as the positive contributions these businesses have on the economy. An analysis of the effects these relationships have on the universities is also presented. In the conclusion, the author discusses the effects the global recession is having on small enterprises.

From the Paper
"The United States is not the only country where this is important because laws adapted recently in many countries have included this particular objective and innovation in the mission statements of their universities (Davidsson, 2002). In this way the university plays a much more serious role in the community and a stronger economic role as well. In return for this, industry is helping the universities by funding many of the research programs and contributing to the ideas that have been created there.
Governmental funding is often not enough for many universities to do the types of research that they would like, and equipment and other items have become more costly over the years (Davidsson, 2002). Governmental funding is also often not enough for people who are starting up their own entrepreneurial business or SME, but by doing so in conjunction with a university the chances of success are higher and so are the chances of getting enough funding to do everything that a person wants to do to make sure that the business is marketed and set up properly. Just governmental funding for an SME, though, or just governmental funding for a university, is generally lacking."

Tags:business-plan, revenue, relationship, universities, economy

Abstract
This paper examines the popularity of feature length cartoons, the revenues they generate and the additional profits studios are able to generate from licensing and other after release activities.

From the Paper
"According to an essay published on the Wikipedia website, "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" is the best known and most profitable animated feature in the Disney animated features library. Although it was not the first full-length animated feature to be produced, it was the first animated feature to become widely successful in the English-speaking world and the first to be filmed in Technicolor. "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" was first re-released in ... in order to raise revenue for the Disney studio during World..."

Tags:Profitable film, film revenues, cartoons, feature length, CGI, computer graphics

Abstract
This paper discusses the revenues and funding for the city of Charlotte. It discusses the sources of the government's funding and then looks at why the proprietary funds for the city of Charlotte have deficits that have not supported the costs associated with those funds. The paper finally looks at the revenue policy and community values for the city of Charlotte.

Table of Contents:
Revenue: Governmental, Proprietary, and Fiduciary
Restrictions
Receipt of Revenues
Revenue Projections
Revenue Policy and Community Values
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The research indicates that revenues for the city are used to support proprietary, governmental and fiduciary funds. In relation to proprietary and governmental funds, these revenues have not been sufficient over the long term to support all of the programs and services that the have been determined to be essential for the people of Charlotte. However, there has also bee a large growth in the diverse population of Charlotte, which has created additional revenues and provide for a surplus fund that is often used to balance the budget or address community need when appropriate. It is this surplus fund that could be used in part to provide for the MWDBE program, which would serve to support the diverse community that Charlotte views as integral to its continued growth."

Tags:population, proprietary, fiduciary, services

Abstract
This paper explains that, since no broad norms on revenue recognition exist, there is a considerable gap between the broad conceptual guidance in the Financial Accounting Standard Board - FASB Concepts Statements and the exhaustive guidance in the authoritative literature. The author points out that more than 50% of the frauds in financial reporting among the U.S. public companies involve overstating the revenue. The paper stresses that, because users in this modern era want instantaneous data in formats which permit rapid access and analysis to assist in the better decisions; companies require trustworthy on-line, real-time reporting that is characterized by (i) dependable systems (ii) usual methods of disseminating information. (iii) corporate accountability, inclusive of management integrity and concrete enterprise risk management and (iv) comprehensible disclosures and information.

Table of Contents
Current Issues and Actions Related to Revenue Recognition
Working Norms for Recognition of Revenues
Definition of Revenues
Problems Related to Revenue Recognition
My Thoughts and Opinions
Control Environment
Matters Needing Special Consideration

From the Paper
"As regards the items which must be included or excluded from the description of revenues, a consensus was made that - (i) a reporting body must not recognize revenues for the performance by third parties of its responsibility to work or extend services to customers in case those responsibilities are officially assumed by those third parties. (ii) In case of all other situations, a reporting body must recognize revenues for the performance by third parties of its responsibility to do work. (iii) Production will result in effecting a component of wide-ranging income. (iv) Non-reciprocal transfers received must not be excluded from revenues and must not be shown as a distinct line item in the income statement. (v) A reporting body must at the introductory stages measure its obligations for performance guarantees at their fair values and must recognize revenues as a result of their satisfactory performance or completion of those guarantees."

Tags:gap, authoritative, fraud, overstating, real-time

Abstract
The issue of revenue recognition may seem, at first thought, trivial relative to the other areas of financial accounting. However, the way in which a company chooses to recognize its revenue can have a significant impact on the company's financial statements and may lead to an overstatement or understatement of revenues. The paper shows that with the increasing popularity of the internet, the issue of revenue recognition is becoming even more important as hundreds of small companies are now issuing stock and attracting small investors who might not have participated in the stock market previously. In addition, there is increased competition for funds among publicly held companies and being able to show higher revenues, rather than lower, can help a company both maintain a higher stock price and attract new investors. This research examines one Internet company, eBay and its approach to revenue recognition.

From the Paper
"The most basic explanation of eBay is that it provides an on-line auction service. Sellers (who must register with the site) list items for sale and, optionally, a minimum price (as well as a reserve price below which they will not sell the item). Buyers have a predefined period of time during which they may bid on items after which eBay validates if a bid exceeded the minimum price and the reserve price (if a reserve price has been set). If the sale was successful according to these criteria, eBay notifies the buyer and seller through e-mail and they consummate the sale (arranging for shipment and payment) between them. At the time of the e-mail notification, eBay's involvement in the transaction is concluded. The site is not responsible for either payment or shipping (1999 Annual Report, 2000, p. 6)."

Tags:auction, placement, fee, accrual, FASB

Abstract
This paper discusses revenue maximization by understanding the concepts of yield management and revenue management. The paper then takes a look at how these concepts can make significant contributions to the airline's bottom line.

Overview:
Abstract
Yield Management
Revenue Management
In Defense of Yield and Revenue Management
The Future of Yield and Revenue Management
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Profit motives aside, the airlines do in fact serve the public interest; it is because of airlines' investments in material and human resources that the average person can travel from one place to another in a way that is far superior to any other mode of transportation in terms of time saved and convenience, and despite rumors to the contrary, in fact quite safely. This rapid transportation of people and goods improves the quality of life and efficiency of everyone, allowing business, political and interpersonal relationships to prosper as well as delivery of critical items when they are needed and where they are needed. Therefore, the airlines do in fact have every right to charge what they choose for their services, keeping in mind however that the consumer has the right to refuse to pay the set price. In this way, predatory pricing airlines will be forced out of the marketplace by the time tested forces of supply and demand."

Tags:airline, passengers, first, class, fares, flights, technology

Abstract
This paper analyzes how changes in sales revenues and profits in the pharmaceutical industry are related to the business cycle with regards to the gross domestic product, consumer price index, and unemployment rate from 1980-2000. The following guidelines were followed: 1) analysis of the pharmaceutical industry and finding revenues and profits from the period of 1980-2000; 2) how revenues and profits in the industry varied over the period 1980-2000; 3) how the business cycle behaved over the period of 1980-2000; 4) variations in revenues and profits with swings in the business cycle and the juxtaposition of industry revenues and profits against the business cycle;and 5) strategies recommended for firms in the industry dealing with the business cycle. A summary is provided in the conclusion. Several original graphs are also included.

From the Paper
"One expert suggests the modern pharmaceutical industry began in the 19th century with the discovery of highly active medicinal compounds that could most efficiently be manufactured on a large scale. As these compounds replaced herbal medicines of earlier times, the occurrence and severity of such diseases as pernicious anemia, rheumatic fever, typhoid fever, lobar pneumonia, poliomyelitis, syphilis, and tuberculosis were greatly reduced. Pharmaceutical industry research has greatly aided medical progress; of the 66 most valuable drugs introduced since aspirin in 1899, 57 were discovered and then produced in industrial laboratories (Atherton, 2002). Today, the pharmaceutical industry is comprised of the processes, operations, and organizations engaged in development and manufacture of drugs and medications (Atherton, 2002). In the U.S., the pharmaceutical industry is followed by the Standard & Poor 500 (S&P 500)."

Tags:consumer, domestic, gdp, gross, housing, index, inflation, interest, medicine, national, pneumonia, poliomyelitis, price, product, rate, rates, retail, starts, syphilis, tuberculosis