Abstract
This paper discusses and contrasts qualitative research as opposed to quantitative research by reviewing two articles. The first article entitled "The Qualitative-Quantitative Debate" by A.K. Trochim argues that there is very little difference between the two types of research, despite the conflict, since all qualitative data can be coded quantitatively. S. Ferch also explores the difference between quantitative and qualitative research in the article "Quantitative versus Qualitative Research: An Attempt to Clarify the Problem." The writer feels the most insightful finding Ferch discovers is that research is conducted in the real world, and therefore often does not fit into the ideal paradigms of either/ or research methodology exactly. The reviewer concludes that the debate over qualitative versus quantitative is moot, since both authors found those who rely on qualitative measures must use quantitative measures in their analysis and vice versa.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Results
Discussion
References

From the Paper
"The researchers both used qualitative and quantitative methods for proving their point that neither research type can stand alone in the real world; however no data, other than their own experiential data was collected. Therefore, the sample size was considerably small. They used this data to generalize their unique findings to demonstrate the connectivity between the two methods."

Tags:research, methods, qualitative, research, quantitative, research

Abstract
This paper delves into the background, history, science, potential benefits, and challenges of stem cell research. The paper's list of potential benefits includes reversing traumatic paralysis, eliminating many serious congenital diseases, replacing the process of organ donation and the need for anti-rejection drugs. The paper explains that, directly as a result of the pressure from religious influences, the U.S. has wasted almost a decade of valuable research because federal laws enacted since 1999 have prohibited research into the most valuable avenues of stem cell science. The paper goes on to explain that this is particularly frustrating to secular medical ethicists because current legislation also prohibits the use of any of the thousands of extra embryos already created in IVF clinics that are destined to be discarded, as per federal law, or frozen indefinitely, even when the donor IVF patients wish to consent to their use for research purposes. The paper concludes that the impact of such legislative and funding restrictions have eliminated the roles of medical ethics committees and have reduced institutional administration of stem cell related matters to mere compliance with government bans on impermissible forms of stem cell research.

Outline:
Stem Cell Science - Background and History
Different Types of Stem Cells
Potential Benefits of Stem Cell Research
Ethical Issues and Political Controversy
References

From the Paper
"This raises ethical conflict in society, especially in connection with the
fundamental feature of separation of church and state in the constitutional history of the United States and the specific intentions of those credited with founding the American Colonies, at least partly to escape from religious oppression in Europe. Directly as a result of the pressure from religious influences, the U.S. has wasted almost a decade of valuable research because federal laws enacted since 1999 have prohibited research into the most valuable avenues of stem cell science and all but prohibited other types of stem cell scientific research by prohibiting the use of federal research grant money to any such
use (Pollock, 2007). In view of the tremendous beneficial potential of stem cell science, this is an inexcusable situation, even apart from the impermissible interference of religious values in secular matters."

Tags:IVF, research, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Tay-Sachs

Abstract
Examines how companies use research in their organizations, with an emphasis on customer research, competitor research and environmental research. The importance of the research department to better understand the customer base, competition both present and future, and environmental research that gained importance on a global level are all discussed.

From the Paper
"Research is an important part of a company's operation even when the company is unaware that actual research is being conducted. Large companies may incorporate formal research projects into their ..."

Tags:business research, organizational research

Abstract
This paper explores the concept of Internet research for writing. The paper delves into the positive aspects of Internet research, such as web sites that are effective in aiding the researcher, and the options available on the World Wide Web. The paper further explores the negative elements of Internet research to include Internet addiction, reputable sites, and plagiarism. The paper provides evidence of the research, and draws conclusions based on factual material.

Tags:web, research, internet

Abstract
This paper discusses some of the methods and issues surrounding applied psychological research, focusing on the use of statistics, sampling and the overall research design. First, the paper defines the types of statistics used in psychological research. Then, it describes sampling and the population that is used. It also considers what makes up a true experiment and further points out problems in faulty experiment design. The paper concludes by stating that a good research design theoretically leads to good data, therefore, during the conceptualization of research design, careful thought needs to be employed.

Outline:

Methods and Issues
Statistics: Basic Types and Research Considerations
Sampling and Population
On Research Design
Experimental Design or True Experiments
Experimental vs. Quasi-Experimental Design
Summary & Conclusion

From the Paper
"There are several ways by which the internal validity of a true experiment or experimental designed can be threatened. Selection effect (or biases that may come when assigning respondents to certain groups) can be considered a threat to the internal validity of the study. Extending this argumentation, we can see that selection effects can be introduced in the experiment because extrinsic factors (such as history or the events that occurred during the time of study, testing, the process of testing itself may have altered the phenomenon under scrutiny, or regression artifact, threat produced when individuals are assigned to the experimental group because of the extreme scores they delivered during the pretest) to name a few, may have produced some differences between the experimental and control groups prior to the study (ibid).
"To be able to control for threats in internal validity, scientists have devised two methods as a form of procedural control, i.e. matching and randomization. In matching, we pick those that have the same characteristics and deliberately spread them across the groups in the experiment. In this way, the difference found between the experimental and control groups will not be attributable to the matched variables (Yeshiva University, n.d.). Another procedural control is randomization. Although matching already accounts for the control of predefined extrinsic factors, there may still be factors that might escape the researcher, hence we find the utility of randomization. In randomization, respondent's group assignment is done in a random basis. Hence, confounding (or intervening) variables such as age or sex, will have an equal probability of being distributed among the groups (ibid)."

Tags:statistics, research designs, experimental psychology

Abstract
This paper provides a brief look at the ethics of stem cell research. Outlined similar to a proposal, it opens with a background and history. It then looks at the benefits, and legal and ethical issues, of stem cell research. The conclusion of the piece is that stem cell research benefits the human community and a reversal of policy is needed to improve medical conditions.

Outline:
Background and History
Beneficial Uses of Stem Cells
Legal and Ethical Issues
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The benefits of stem cells are tremendous: so far, considerable research has demonstrated that continued development of stem cell science will eventually enable physicians to treat, cure, and prevent Alzheimer's, Cystic Fibrosis, Cancer, Diabetes, Parkinson's, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sickle Cell, and Tay-Sachs Disease. Furthermore, because stem cells can be stimulated to develop into complete functioning biological organs such as kidneys, livers, hearts, and lungs, they could very well entirely eliminate the need for donor organs (Sagan, 1997)."

Tags:stem cell research, disease, ethics

Abstract
The paper explains the position of those who believe that stem cell research may not benefit from the destruction of human life. The paper then refutes the standard arguments used by these activists against stem cell research. The paper goes on to argue that while the United States government continues to drag its heels on funding stem cell research, other countries have forged ahead with full funding, attracting the top scientists of the world. The paper contends that this will leave the United States behind in what will eventually become the foundation of medical treatment.

From the Paper
"Since human embryonic stem cells were first isolated in 1998, stem cell research has been both a promising field of scientific research and one of the most controversial issues around. During this time, the Unites States government has adopted one of the world's most restrictive policies toward stem cell research. Many of those in the government, including the president, claim that those who promote stem cell research are being disingenuous in touting its possibilities and say that there is no real evidence that stem cell research will ever produce effective results. However, this is in itself a disingenuous claim made by people who are less qualified to make such judgments. Scientists have already made promising advances in the field."

Tags:embryos, science, research

Abstract
This paper examines how today's college students are struggling with increasing overuse and reliance on the Internet for research. First, the paper discusses why the problem exists, such as the prevalence of computers and the Internet. This is followed by a look at how students mismanage their time, which also leads to Internet overuse because of lack of time for alternative ways to do research. The paper also considers the impact of Internet overuse on students' research skills and their lack of exposure to university libraries and their services. Methods of avoiding Internet overuse are suggested, which include visiting the local library and developing better time management skills.

From the Paper
"Even when traditional textbooks are available, they almost always come with some links available to accompany the text with sources on those links easily available. Once students access these links, they no longer have the bountiful wisdom of a librarian to help them sort through it as they could in a traditional library. Setting the parameters for coursework research and requiring credible sources and proper online citation styles is left to the instructors in each subject (Davis, 2003). Professors and universities have concerns for the temptation of cut-and-paste plagiarism and show frustration over the lack of traditional library use and the scholarly research and references libraries offer."

Tags:college students, information literacy, research skills

Abstract
The paper explains that the study of action research is the study of a specific method of scientific inquiry in which the researcher engages with the sample population on a direct and personalized level. This paper defines and describes the skills that the researcher needs to engage in the social sciences, with an emphasis on the processes of action research.

From the Paper
"The study of action research is the study of a specific method of scientific inquiry in which the researcher engages with the sample population on a direct and personalized level. Action research helps the researcher approach the population and collect data through collaborating with the persons involved with a specific problem or set of unique circumstances. This helps the researcher to bridge possible problems between what the researcher understands about the problem based on the theoretical and empirical literature and the experiences of the problem as..."

Tags:action, social, research

Abstract
The paper discusses quantitative research which focuses on quantifiable data and conclusions. The paper states that quantitative research lends itself particularly well to the natural sciences and numerical disciplines, as exact measurements are required for these. They in turn provide research facts via an explanation of the statistical truth. The paper confirms that the researcher's value judgments are not to be imposed upon the conclusions drawn from the data, as the researcher is viewed as an objective observer. The paper concludes that whilst most appropriate for natural scientific research, the quantitative research has also increasingly been used in social sciences in order to draw logical conclusions from existing facts.

From the Paper
"Being a social science, education has generally been studied by qualitative methods. The reason for this is that human beings are not an exact science, and facts have to be derived by an inductive rather than deductive approach. Best practice could therefore best be determined by making value judgments rather than drawing quantitative conclusions. It has however been recognized that the social sciences can also be studied from an objective rather than subjective viewpoint. According to Hara, quantitative research can be used in education in order to discover existing facts by means of isolating human reality from the researcher's subjectivity. The data obtained in this way can then be presented in a numerical, objective way, in order to derive universally applicable conclusions. The value of such research is that it exists independently from values such as time, place and culture. Hence the conclusions can be applied to any educational setting. "

Tags:quantitative, research, accuracy