Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that there is a saying that "history repeats itself," and it is true. In The writer maintains that it seems that somehow the lessons are not learned, no matter how many times repetition occurs. Looking at the events of the writer's birth year, 1987, provides several examples: The end of the Cold War, the stock market crash and President Reagan and the Iran Contra Affair. The writer discusses that today Russia is now beefing up its military once again and joining the United States in its aggressive moves, the actual truth behind the weapons of mass destruction in Iraq is still not known and the U.S. is going through another stock market fiasco that is even worse than the ones that have occurred in the past. The writer concludes that if history does actually repeat itself, somehow it is important for the lessons learned from history to be strongly instilled in individuals as they are acquiring their education.

From the Paper
"With most of the information thought to be in, it is believed that in 1980 the Reagan-Bush campaign secretly agreed with Iran to delay release of Embassy hostages until after the November election, in return for future arms. On January 20, after Reagan replaced President Jimmy Carter and took the oath of office, the hostages were released. Five years later, a high-ranking Israeli asks National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane for a munitions transfer in order to release Americans hostages in Lebanon. McFarlane and President Reagan arrange for U.S.-made weapons to be transferred to Iran from Israel and the first American hostage is set free two weeks later. Reagan covertly signed an authorization that called the operation with Iran an arms-for-hostages deal. This was from a president who once claimed he would never make deals with terrorists."

Tags:weapons, Iraq, President, Reagan, wars, Bush

Abstract
Colombian novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez's fantastical masterpiece of magic realism, "One Hundred Years of Solitude" (1967), chronicles the long, colorful, violent, repetitive and ultimately tragic history of the Buendia family of the mythical town of Macondo, an imaginary locale apparently based on Garcia Marquez's own small home town of Aracataca, Colombia. This paper suggests ways in which violence and suppression of memory within the story serve to create future cycles of violence (and future loss of memory), thereby symbolically illustrating the maxim that those (like the Buendias) who forget history shall be doomed to repeat it. The paper also suggests that the novel in many ways parallels the history of the Latin American nation of Colombia itself, and, in a broader sense, of all Latin American nations, especially in the sense of the modern domination of them by outside forces.

From the Paper
"One Hundred Years of Solitude is a tale of groups, communities, and nations: that is, a collective, rather than an individual, story and metaphor. Toward that end and in that respect, this novel is not written, as are most North American and European novels, from a perspective of just one narrator, or "hero", but rather, from the perspectives of multiple individuals having the same experience, a sort of amalgamated, chorus of generations, in which significances are determined not individually and personally, but collectively and through comparison and consensus."

Tags:exploitation, capitalism, Jose, Arcadio, Ursula, Iguaran

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of Pilates, an exercise that was developed at the turn of the 20th century. Pilates has become a very popular form of exercise, especially in knee and hip injury rehabilitation or for sufferers of repetitive strain injuries, and for anyone wanting to prevent the onset of osteoporosis.

Contents:
Principles of Pilates
Cruciate Ligament
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Miniscal Damage
Knee Replacement
Hip Replacement
Pilates Mat work Exercises
Exercises Using the Swiss Ball
Case Studies

From the Paper
"This is not "mindless exercise" but rather requires someone--in the case of rehabilitation, the therapist--to put some thought into the proper exercises and the proper order of exercises to accomplish the rehabilitation sought. Importantly, Pilates recognizes, in several of its principles, the fact that the torso ultimately controls actions of the extremities; therefore, the Pilates concentration on torso control and improvement cannot help but improve the use and function of muscles of the hip and knee in rehabilitation.
In addition, while most people think of hard, fast movements as being needed for building strength, Pilates movements are slow and methodical but through them, Robinson and Thomson note, strength is regained (2002, Positive Health Web site), a prime intention in almost any rehabilitation program."

Tags:muscular, strength, body, control, flexibility, asymmetries, eight, foundation, principles

Abstract
This paper suggests that Salieri's genius lay in his work for theater and not in instrumental pieces for according to the author of this paper he tended to become emotionally repetitive in the composing of concertos

Table of Contents

Early Years
Style and Period
Contemporaries
Musical Literature
Role in Music History
What I Listened To

From the Paper
"He showed musical ability even as a young child, and was studying music by the age of ten. Only a few years later he was orphaned. His talent, however, won him the attentions of Florian Gassman, the court Kapellmeister in Vienna, who took it upon himself to nurture the boy's potential. Salieri became quite popular at court and developed a personal friendship with the emperor himself, which led to regular invitations to attend the many musical and social gatherings of the city."

Tags:music-making, festivities, lucrative, career, famous, operatic, composer, Gluck, patrons, great, musical, influence, early, creativity, musical, styles, later

Abstract
This paper examines chemical and biological weapons, by defining them, defining their use in past wars and their use today. It illustrates the repetition of history in the correlation between historical use of mass destruction weapons and today. The paper uses Vonnegut's novel "Cat's Cradle" as an example to poses a scenario in which an ultimate chemical weapon (ice-nine) is used on soldiers. The paper shows that the greed in the novel results from the creation of chemical and biological weapons, which threaten to tear apart the world, which it eventually does, leaving a barren frosty wasteland.

From the Paper
"For the last century, the use of chemical and biological weapons has stood in the back of people's minds as an impersonal and distant horror. This is especially true in the United States, which did not see the poisonous clouds over its battlefields or the sight of businessmen choking to death on its subways like Europe and Japan did. This has changed in recent times, with cases of anthrax continuing to arise from within the bounds of America. Though this danger of chemical and biological weapons is not anywhere near the proportions seen in the novel Cat's Cradle, by Kurt Vonnegut, it has shown Americans that the threat and destructive power of chemical and biological weapons is valid. Now more than ever it seems that more measures need to be taken to stop the production and use of deadly chemical and biological weapons."

Tags:ice, nine, terrorism, vonnegut, mass, destruction

Abstract
The paper outlines how Freudian psychology suggests that the traumatic experiences and ordinary frustrations of infancy and childhood, as well as those arising as a function of sexual urges, become repressed into the subconscious mind and direct our external behavior. The paper examines Freud's emphasis of sexuality as the primary psychological motivation in general and also explains his views on repression, the repetition compulsion, and dream interpretation.

Outline:
Background and History
The Freudian Model of Human Psychology
The Role of Sex and Developmental Stages in Freudian Psychology
Repression, the Repetition Compulsion, and Dream Interpretation

From the Paper
"Freud proposed that the Super Ego is the source of human guilt which represents the interrelationship with the types of behavior the individual knows are desired by others and the need of the individual not to violate those expectations of the ideal values in society (Pinker, 2002). According to Freud, in between the Id and the Super Ego, the Ego is a moderating influence that allows both the Id and the Super Ego to contribute to psychological behavior without either overwhelming the other (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2008; McWilliams, 2004). In common terms, the Ego is the "voice of reason" in the adult human being that allows for rational behavior instead of either uncontrolled pursuit of wants and needs of the Id or the complete inhibition of self-interested behavior by the Super Ego (Pinker, 2002)."

Tags:repression, repetition, compulsion, dream, interpretation, sexuality, Id, Super, Ego

Abstract
The paper asserts that a recent production of "Julius Caesar" by William Shakespeare in Coral Gables gave a good rendition of the play, which is difficult because of its large cast, the language, and the length of the play. The paper relates that much of the history in the play is well known, though Shakespeare has his own take on the reason the Roman Senators killed Caesar and on what happened after that event, and he expresses that in this play. The paper argues that the play typifies one of the aspects of the theater that is especially interesting, its repetition.

From the Paper
"A recent production of "Julius Caesar" by William Shakespeare in Coral Gables gave a good rendition of the play, which is difficult because of its large cast, the language, and the length of the play. Much of the history in the play is well known, though Shakespeare has his own take on the reason the Roman Senators killed Caesar and on what happened after that event, and he expresses that in this play. The play typifies one of the aspects of the theater that is especially interesting, its repetition. It is not necessary to see a play and not know how it ends, for instance. Instead, as can be seen from the beginning of the theater, it is often just as valuable and perhaps even more so to experience a production one..."

Tags:shakespeare, history, play

Abstract
This paper discusses Herman Ebbinghaus' contributions to the discipline of psychology, particularly his contributions regarding aspects of human memory. The paper examines the intellectual tradition from which Ebbinghaus built his theories, notably the work of Wilhelm Wundt, and highlights the implications his work has had for contemporary practices in psychology. The paper shows how Ebbinghaus made a lasting contribution to the history and development of psychology, specifically in his work that applied experimental research to study the formation of associations.

From the Paper
"Indeed, Ebbinghaus was the first psychologist to investigate the properties of human memory. Ebbinghaus was influenced by the British empiricists, and he began with the assumption that memory involved the formation of new associations and that such associations would be strengthened through repetition. He wanted to observe this process and so developed tests using a set of items to be committed to memory. These items were called "nonsense syllables," meaning they would have no associations with known words that might somehow mediate memory. Lists of these nonsense syllables would have perhaps twenty items, and he would memorize these lists by reading and repeating each syllable to himself."

Tags:repetition, nonsense, syllables, knowledge, associations

Abstract
This paper is a biography of Edgar Allan Poe along with a literary analysis of his poem "Ulalume: A Ballad". This essay includes an extensive biographical sketch of Poe to perhaps aid the reader to better understand his works. In addition, the author examines Poe?s use of rhyme scheme, meter, and repetition, and overall interpretation of Poe?s intended meaning.

From the Paper
"The poet and critic, Edgar Allan Poe is considered one of the greatest American authors to have ever written throughout literary history. He composed many short stories and poems from the late 1820's to his death in 1849. Because of the believed complex nature of his psyche, it is vital that the reader know Poe's background and influences in order to analyze his poetry properly."

Tags:biography, critical, gothic, history, poem

Abstract
This paper discusses the increased level of awareness within the classroom and educational facilities regarding the issue of learning disabilities. The paper focuses primarily on ADHD, reviewing the history of the disorder, as well as the various treatments. According to the paper, children with ADHD were removed from the mainstream classrooms and placed into facilities for children with special needs. This is no longer the case today.

From the Paper
"Boyd and Parish like the historical segregation of students with special needs to the segregation of black children prior to the 1954 Brown Vs. the Board of Education of Topeka Kansa, where black children were segregated from white children in schools. The reality of the situation prior to 1975 was a often bleak as potential students were often never served in the public education system and were sometimes even remitted to institutional care because it was believed that it was only in such places that these children could learn, if they could learn at all, the prevailing opinion. Situations where behavioral symptoms, but limited physical symptoms were noted such as in cases like ADHD, prior to it acceptance as a diagnosis, might have been treated differently as these children were often segregated after attempting mainstream school to alternative schools, where they were available for behaviorally challenged children, often stigmatized as bad kids who had no social control over their actions in a very strict environment and even today there is a problem with children with certain forms of mental illness being mainstreamed not into school but into the juvenile correction system and even prison. (Ginsburg, and Demeranville 17) "

Tags:repetition, behavioral, difficulties, students, tactics, classroom, teacher