Abstract
This paper analyzes the issue of reparations for slavery. While this topic has received very little media attention in the public eye, the majority of reparation activists passionately believe that their cause will help heal racial tensions. On certain college campuses many have turned the debate for slavery reparations into a debate about free speech. The writer of this paper supplies an overview into how the African-American slaves were mistreated and why the issue of what and how much reparation is due is still such a sensitive and controversial topic. Along with countless hours in the field, there was very little regard on behalf of slave owners to the families of their slaves. Blacks were regularly separated from their family and sold to different families, for the simple profit of their owners. After the construction of the law that manipulated the offspring of any African to follow the condition of their mother, slaves could then be bred for free and sold for nothing but profit. If a slave owner happened to purchase a female, the act of breeding slaves was the cheapest and most cost effective means of increasing profit. The writer contends that this legalized discrimination has trickled down all the way through the generations and still exists today. Many people have come to the conclusion that African-Americans deserve monetary compensation as sufficient reparations for slavery. With the debate still on the table about reparations, many feel that reparations go far passed a dollar amount.

From the Paper
"The Trans-Atlantic slave trade later became profitable for the government as a means of accruing taxes. This initiative was intended to slow the traffic of slave ships from the West Coast of Africa. The taxes were only effective for the trans-Atlantic slave trade, however, there were no taxes on domestic slave trading. In response to this, slave owners made an effort for another means of avoiding taxes. In many cases where female slaves did not marry, they were often subjected to the will, or desire of their masters. In some instances, female slaves would adhere to the sexual advances of their masters in order to receive less harsh treatment, those who did not adhere were raped -- this happened more often than not. With the introduction of mulatto children, (children born to female slaves impregnated by white masters) the domestic slave trade found new life, with a transfusion of these children which could be separated from their families, and sold without having to pay taxes."

Tags:compensation, slavery, african-american, trans, atlantic, slave, trade, history, america, reparations

Abstract
This paper argues whether Americans of African decent are entitled to compensation for the American South's slavery past. It debates whether the American government owes people whose ancestors were slaves reparations in the form of money, land or capitol goods. It examines how many African-Americans and white liberals feel that black Americans are owed something and how a movement in this country has been stirring for a while agitating for forced reparations by the U.S. government. It puts forward the argument that reparations for slavery should not occur and demonstrates why reparations are wrong and how reparations would ultimately cause deeper divisions in our society then already exist.

From the Paper
"No evidence has yet been produced by respected and/or qualified economists that prove that living individuals have been adversely affected by a slave system that was ended over 150 years ago. (Engerman, Inikori ) (Horowitz). Cleverly, reparations advocates do not always make the claim that today's descendants of slavery have been directly harmed by slavery. Indeed, Adjoa Aiyetoro, a legal consultant to the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America, said, "We're not raising claims that you should pay us because you did something to us 150 years ago. We are saying that we are injured today by the vestiges of slavery, which took away income and property that was rightfully ours." (Levin, Itzkoff 1997) This begs the question then of why were blacks doing better in terms of positive gains in employment, education, and social structure 15 to 20 years after slavery then they seem to be doing today?"

Tags:society, blacks, government, money, capitol, goods, land

Abstract
This paper argues that, without a doubt, something is owed to the descendants of the African-American slaves, yet the question has always been who should pay and how much. The author points out that tort theory states that the federal government had the power to abolish slavery and yet did not and therefore it owes for damages. The paper states that, if the decision is made to pay reparations to surviving ancestors of slaves, the challenge is the magnitude of the problem- even for a very large settle, once divided among so many, to the individual, it would be a pittance.

From the Paper
"Yet it is also clear the U. S. federal government was not the only entity capable of the abolition of slavery, so it should be only partly responsible for damages. It is arguable that individuals, by action and by collective vote could have abolished slavery and individual states could also have abolished slavery, within their own constitutional amendment."

Tags:descendants, damages, pittance, redistribution, japanese-american

Abstract
This paper contends that granting reparations to individuals based solely on their racial and ethnic backgrounds acts against the basic principle of equality in the West. It argues that without a doubt, the effects of slavery and colonialism are still felt to this day and that the suggestion of writing a check to the descendants of those individuals who were directly harmed by slavery is a gross oversimplification of a complex historical issue. It examines the pros and cons of reparations, including historical precedent, concluding that direct reparations should be eschewed in favor of other options.

From the Paper
"Issuing reparations - whether monetary or otherwise - has become a controversial political issue in the United States, ranking perhaps higher than other racially charged issues like affirmative action. Proponents of such a measure argue that the ill effects of slavery in this nation did not end with the end of slavery. The social institutions that made slavery possible for centuries throughout the West and propagated the slave trade in Africa transformed and continued, creating intergenerational effects that have stifled the potential of Africans in the United States, not to mention the development of African nations that have been permanently affected by colonialism. However, there are problems with issuing reparations. "

Tags:slavery, reparations, colonialism

Abstract
The paper asserts that while there are compelling reasons why slave reparations are an idea that should be entertained, reparations are not morally or logically defensible because they will not serve the greater good. The paper looks at the reasons why some favour reparations and discusses how proponents of such an outlay of capital insist that the legacy of slavery continued onwards for generations in the form of segregation, Jim Crow laws, and sub-standard education for blacks.

From the Paper
"Should America offer slave reparations to African-Americans? Do descendents of people who discriminated against others have a moral responsibility to correct the actions for their ancestors? If reparations are thought to have positive consequences for the common good, are they justified? Answer: There are compelling reasons why slave reparations are an idea that should be entertained; in the end, however, reparations are not morally or logically defensible because they will not serve the greater good."

Tags:slave, reparations, philosophy

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes K.J. Carillo's article, "Reparations Movement Looks to Gain from Bush's Goree Island Slip" about what can be gained for the reparations movement in the United States after President Bush admitted that the United States was mindful of the past wrongs it had committed in enslaving stolen people from Africa.

From the Paper
"However, Carrillo does more than simply focus on the "residual value" gained by the reparations movement from what she terms as a slip on President Bush's part. For, she also takes great pains to place in context the significance of Goree Island's notorious "Door of No Return." Carrillo achieves this through descriptions that bring alive the horrors of a place that had witnessed, "human beings...delivered and sorted and weighed and branded with the marks of commercial enterprises and loaded as cargo on a voyage without return." Indeed, Carrillo is unsparing in her efforts to describe the anguish suffered by slaves in societies that prospered by their unpaid labor, while remaining indifferent to their plight."

Tags:robinson, the, debt, injustice, defrauding, slavery, labor, treatment, compensation

Abstract
This paper discusses the argument of "Should the U.S. Government pay Reparations to the Descendants of Slaves". The argument is in favor of the case but supports the thesis through the presentation of both sides of the argument and presenting a solution in the best manner possible.

Tags:government, reparations, slaves

Abstract
This paper discusses the financial, moral and legal justifications for reparations to African American descendants of slaves. In the financial realm the paper describes the discriminatory policies and uncompensated servitude experienced by the slaves. The paper cites numerous sources to show that these policies had far-reaching influence on the status of African Americans even today. These sources touch on the moral obligations of society to right not only the financial wrongs but also the psychological damage done to the slaves and their descendants. Finally, US government policies and the civil rights movement are discussed, but the paper concludes that not enough has been done to compensate for the many years of discrimination.

From the Paper
"Slavery, racism, and discrimination are at the core of African-American history. American slavery was evil, ferocious, brutal and corruptive in all spheres of its practice. It was developed in its greatest degree of degradation in the Americas where enslaved Africans were treated with absolute disrepute. During the global economic conquest, colonial powers kidnapped native Africans and shipped them throughout colonies in the western hemisphere. The slaving industry was predominately a European enterprise in all proportions, not an African venture. The psychological alteration and detriment during slavery erased African's knowledge of their heritage and culture, which was consequently replaced with a slave mentality of fear, dependence, and detachment from the core of their cultural foundation that gave them value. Slaves were dehumanized, creating incapacity to take care of their own needs and the needs of their children through the elimination of their cultural norms and values. This dehumanization prohibited a feeling of civility according to their own standards."

Tags:Negro race slavery compensation, Jim Crow

Abstract
This paper addresses the long-term impacts of slavery on African Americans and society in general in the United States. The paper questions whether affirmative action really continued to benefit African Americans who may have been denied equal opportunities for jobs. The paper then looks at the ways in which the historical problem of slavery continues to persist in today's attitudes by both minorities and the majority of Americans.

From the Paper
"The impact of slavery on Affirmative Action and fairness also impacts the recent effort to exact reparations for survivors of slaves. While this may never happen, there is proof that the effects of slavery still linger, physically. William Thompson, a professor of public administration at the University of Nevada, blames the history of slavery as causing some problems in the genes of today's African Americans."
"While the 1960s equal everything from the marches by Martin Luther King, Jr., the positive approaches to civil rights by JFK, culminating in Affirmative action as a law along with civil rights beginning in 1964- were seemingly a watershed; it might be argued that the supporters of Affirmative Action made a mistake in alienating the status quo."

Tags:equality, opportunities, reparation

Abstract
This paper is an imaginary debate regarding the Congressional Slave Reparations Bill, HR 40 IH 107th Congress, 1st Session, H.R. 40, introduced on January 3, 2001 to acknowledge the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery in the United States between 1619 and 1865. For example the imaginary person in favor of reparations argues that it is the way we (the African-Americans) are treated in modern America that continues the slave mentality and has forced so many of them to become criminals or to drop out of society. On the other hand, the imaginary person in against reparations argues that frustration is the basis for our current troubled society; and, even if there is some polarized relationship between whites and blacks, this idea of a Slavery Reparations Bill makes that gulf even wider and deeper. The paper continues in this manner giving a statement pro and a statement against as if it were a debate.

From the Paper
"PRO4: Of course it is. African-Americans DESERVE Compensation for past and present injustice. You don't see whites dragged down for miles on a Texas road! Blacks are the majority of prisoners on death row. Rodney King wouldn't have been beaten by the cops if he were white. SAT tests to get into colleges are still skewed toward white middle class students.
CON4: So, you're using today's prejudices to squeeze money out of the government? Where are all the upper- and middle class black professionals who run away from the inner cities as soon as they have good paying jobs? Why aren't they spearheading this Reparations drive? But, more to the point - what about Native Americans and the Chinese brought over to build the railroads as slave labor? Why limit compensation for slavery to African-Americans?
PRO5: Because we were the only ones dragged from out homelands and shipped over to America. That's a historical fact."

Tags:frustration, mentality, congress, arguments, treatment