Abstract
This paper examines the book "Protestant- Catholic- Jew: An Essay in American Religious Sociology" by Will Herberg, a study of the religious landscape of the American society in the in the mid- 1950s with the concept of a "three religion country" and a "single melting pot," which describes the religious institution in the American society. It evaluates how today this concept is no longer feasible due to influx of numerous cultures and people from all over the world. It discusses how although Herberg's work may have been an idealized version of an attempt to reconcile the religious differences in America, it has become the "catalyst" for other studies and projects to be conducted and further developed in order to fully understand the dynamics of the various religions in America.

From the Paper
"Indeed, Will Herberg's study of the three major religions in America during the 1950s had been a revolutionary move towards the development of a better understanding of the numerous religions that are now included in America's religious landscape. The issue of religious pluralism comes to mind when the topic of religious differences and diversity is discussed, and the work of Herberg can be used as a good reference in studying how religion can affect the society and the relations between people that composes it. One of the most popular and prominent studies about the sociology of religion in America is the Pluralism Project headed by Diana L. Eck of Harvard University."

Tags:culture, diversity, immigration, east, west

Abstract
This paper talks about the need for the Social Contract as stemming from the decision to change from the state of nature to a society. The paper supports the idea that the Social Contract is not a document of any sort but an idea of why people band together in a social setting in the first place.

From the Paper
"Two years ago, America went through what was presented by the news media as a wrenching presidential election involving a very close vote count in Florida, the deciding state, and leading to an outcome in which the U.S. Supreme Court intervened to decide whether it was right to continue counting the votes and how that would be accomplished if it was to continue. The Supreme Court decided that the vote count should stop, and some claimed that this showed the Supreme Court as a partisan body deciding that George W. Bush should be President rather than Al Gore. Certainly, this was the outcome, but we need not decide whether the Supreme Court was right or wrong to note that the outcome was peaceful, that it was agreed to finally by both sides, and that the government transition was made without incident and has maintained a peaceful government to this day. In some countries, the fact that a candidate had the most votes yet was not declared the winner could have provoked a violent confrontation, but transitions in government in the United States follow a different pattern and do so because of our adherence to and belief in the idea of law and specifically the idea of the Social Contract."

Tags:peace, war, French, American, Revolutions, colonists, nation, America, USA

Abstract
This paper traces the evolution of religious tolerance in American beginning with colonial America and continuing up until the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The paper looks at how, even though religious autonomy was the primary influence that sparked the first settlers to leave England and establish colonies in the New World, some of these same settlers and their colonies immediately emulated the very principle responsible for their persecution in Europe, by establishing mandatory churches in the new colonies. The paper also looks at how, ultimately, many of the opportunities available only to some during the early colonial period only started to become equally available to all after the Civil War and, in the case of true equality for everyone, these rights weren't guaranteed until the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

From the Paper
"Maryland was the first colony to recognize absolute religious freedom after originally being established by the son of George Calvert, a Catholic convert in England who had remained close to the Royal family, nevertheless. His son, Lord Baltimore intended Maryland as a refuge for Catholics, but refrained from imposing any religious affiliation and welcomed Protestants as well.Shortly before the end of the seventeenth century, the English King had decided to combine the two colonies known as the Plymouth Colony, (consisting of the first descendents of the original Settlers), and the Massachusetts Bay Colony, (consisting of the first descendants of the Puritans), into a single colony to be named Massachusetts. "

Tags:different, degrees, continued, affiliation, practice, religious, choice

Abstract
This paper describes contract law and examines the different types of legal contracts. It looks at express contracts, bilateral contracts, unilateral contracts and implied contracts. The paper concludes with a discussion of what makes a contract legal.

From the Paper
"A contract is an agreement made between two or more people and when a contract is made it means that there is a duty created to do or not to do a particular thing. A contract agreement can be oral or written and its purpose is to establish an agreement between the parties concerned and to make clear to all involved their rights and duties which have been stated in the agreement. When an offer has been made and accepted then the parties involved have a legally..."

Tags:contract law, definitions, legal

Abstract
This case study aims to provide advice concerning the contractual issues around the JCT IBC 2005 contract. The author creates a scenario where a university is the client who has requested some advice and further clarification concerning the contractual difficulties that have been encountered. The paper relates the background of the situation - the client had deferred possession of the site to the contractor under the terms and conditions as set out the JCT IBC (2005) contract which resulted in the contractor's request to claim for direct loss and expense. The author addresses the issues of direct loss and expense, and adjustment of the completion date as related to the terms stipulated in the JCT IBC 2005 contract. The author explains the roles of parties that might be involved in such a scenario such as architects and sub-contractors. The paper also includes recommendations for better practices for future projects for the client.

Contents:
Introduction
Current Situation
Claims for Direct Loss and expense
Claims for Extension of Time and LADs
Role of the Architect
Procurement Considerations and Implications of Sub Contractors
Conclusion
Bibliography
References

From the Paper
"This report has been produced to provide practical advice to the University (herein 'the Client') on the contractual issues around the JCT IBC 2005 contract. The client proposes to refurbish a Police Authority Building opposite the main campus. The contractor was appointed under a Traditional building contract using the terms and conditions as set out the aforementioned standard form of contract, and has just started on site. The client has already experienced some difficulties and has requested some advice and further clarification concerning the contractual difficulties that have been encountered."

Tags:building contract, contractual difficulties

Abstract
The paper explains that Common Law is law that developed and continues to evolve in the courts, meaning it is judge made law. The paper further explains that Common Law relies heavily on precedent and is reasonably uniform throughout the nation and in all states. The paper then discusses how the nature of contract law has been developed as part of the common law and is followed in defining the necessary parts of the contract and in analyzing risk in the contract situation.

From the Paper
"The Common Law is law that developed and continues to evolve in the courts, meaning it is judge-made law. Common Law relies heavily on precedent and is reasonably uniform throughout the nation and in all states. The nature of contract law has been developed as part of the common law and is followed in defining the necessary parts of the contract and in analyzing risk in the contract situation. There are certain elements required of a valid and legally binding contract. A contract is an agreement that involves an offer made and accepted. It is an agreement that is voluntarily created by persons with the capacity to contract. The objectives of the agreement must be legal,..."

Tags:contract, common, law

Abstract
This paper examines the "The Social Contract" by Jean-Jacques Rousseau which argues that we are all born free and equal, yet do not live either freely or equally. It discusses the argument that the construction of the General Will is the means by which people can achieve freedom. The General Will is the social contract where all members of society agree to obey the General Will to be part of society. Rousseau argues that by this General Will, the separate wills of each member of society converge into one and that freedom is achieved because every citizen is equal, each being a single unit of the General Will and having the same amount of influence over it. It considers the implications of the General Will and the social contract and how Rousseau's version of freedom and equality may never be truly attained, however this may be a reality of a society, rather than a downfall in the theory.

From the Paper
"Rousseau differentiates between two types of freedom, personal freedom and social freedom. Personal freedom is an individual's own selfish choices, where an individual will carry out only those actions that are of benefit to them. Social freedom is the freedom achieved when an individual carries out those actions that the General Will requires. Rousseau argues that social freedom must be achieved at the expense of personal freedom. This is the cost of being part of a society. Thus while an individual is born free, their freedom in society cannot exist until they give up their personal freedom. Giving up their personal freedom for social freedom, means all individuals act in accordance with what is best for society as a whole, not their own needs and wants. It is true in this, that individuals do give up freedom."

Tags:general, will, social, contract, individual, freedom, society

Abstract
The following paper gives an overview of a contract case involving a young woman and her commitment to driving co-workers and a sibling each day. The paper focuses on the obligations in an oral contract. It further cites that oral contracts, while more difficult to enforce in a court of law, are nonetheless just as binding upon the parties involved and impose real terms and conditions that should be respected.

From the Paper
"The following paper will briefly review a contract case involving a young woman who has driven two of her co-workers to work for a number of months and who has also taken the time to drive her younger sibling to school each day. The paper outlines the facts of the case as well as what aspects of traditional British and Canadian contract law are applicable; most importantly of all, the paper sets forward what obligations Sally has to each of the three individuals discussed above. In the end, what should be clear is that oral contracts, while more difficult to enforce in a court of law, are nonetheless just as binding upon the parties involved and..."

Tags:contract, law, sally

Abstract
An analysis of social contract theory that focuses on how cogent and plausible its major tenets are. The writer looks at the political treatises of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau impact on the idea of a social contract.

From the Paper
"Social Contract Theory refers to the political theory that legitimate political and moral authority derives from the consent of the governed. This consent takes the form of a contract or a mutual agreement between the governed and their leaders. The idea of a social contract originated in a series of political treatises in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by Thomas Hobbes John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. These works were hugely influential in their time and ultimately formed the theoretical framework for the development of our modern democratic political ..."

Tags:social contract theory, rousseau, locke, hobbes, rational, government, society, state, nature

Abstract
This paper discusses the differences between tort law and contract law, and how they impact on the individual and/or organization. According to this paper, taking legal action based on tort law and contract law, is not simple. One has to taken the issues involved into very careful consideration. This paper reviews the issues and the necessary steps to be taken.

From the Paper
"Tort law and contract law specifically impact individuals or organizations that believe that they have encountered others who have negatively impacted them in an intentional manner. Yet, the determination of finding legal recourse through tort law or contract law requires specific attention to the actions that have occurred, as well as whether or not those actions may encompass both areas of law in relation to the individual. Contract law is, by definition, an agreement between two parties in which both are willing to enter into a binding mutual exchange where both entities benefit. The contract states what the parties are willing to exchange and generally provides all of the stipulations of that agreement in documented or verbal form (Rowley). The documentation or verbal agreement allows the parties to have proof of their intentions, and should those intentions not be met either party has a legal recourse through lawsuit as necessary."

Tags:contract, tort, law