Abstract There are a number of authors that have concluded that there is not much that can be done about high unemployment. In an inter-linked world that is increasingly governed by high technology and service oriented economies, many have come to accept that Canada's naturalrate of unemployment is simply higher than other countries; the US in particular. This, however, is untrue. There is something that can be done about high unemployment. This paper will provide proof to support this assertion. It will show that there are several so-called 'home grown' factors that have sparked Canada's unemployment spiral. One way or another, all of them can be controlled. But, change does not come without its costs.
Abstract This paper argues that linkages between unemploymentrates and poverty rates in developing countries are quite a bit weaker than the linkages between unemployment and poverty found in developed nations. In other words, while economic recessions in the developed world usually see high unemploymentrates operating in tandem with high poverty rates, developing nations may have low unemploymentrates--usually a sign of economic growth and prosperity--but still have exceedingly high poverty rates despite the good news on the employment front.
Abstract This paper deals with examination of the four types of unemployment - frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal. It also examines the issues of full employment and naturalrate of employment. This is then followed by an explanation of the causes and effects of demand-pull inflation.
From the Paper "Unemployment rate is one of the indicators of the labour market and economic condition of a country. According to McTaggart et al, one is considered unemployed if they are job losers, job leavers, or labour force entrants and re-entrants (1999: 31.7). There are four types of unemployment, including frictional, structural, cyclical, as well as seasonal. Two of the many factors that lead to unemployment include the processes of job matching (a two-sided process of linking the right worker with the right job) and job rationing (the practice of paying employed people a wage that creates an excess supply of labour and a shortage of jobs ) (McTaggart et al, 1999: 31.10). Employers take time for their search process because this process is influenced by employment protection laws, which induce employers to more carefully consider any hire."
Abstract In this study, the writer notes that performance measures have long been utilized in both the private and public sectors. The widespread use of performance measures exist because there are a plethora of benefits associated with such measures. In this study, the main foci are performance measurement, reward systems and job satisfaction. The research contained in this discussion is evidentiary of a definitive relationship between performance measurement and employee attitudes concerning job satisfaction. One can also conclude from this discussion that job satisfaction is directly associated with, motivation, expectancy, and reward systems. The writer points out that researchers have consistently found that people are motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic values as it relates both to job satisfaction and performance in the workplace. Further, the writer notes that intrinsic motivation pertains to personal goals and objectives while extrinsic motivation is associated with both monetary and non-monetary rewards.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to the Literature Review
An Overview and Purpose
Organization of the Review, Scope, and Library Research Plan
Organization of the Review
Library Research Plan
Interest, Significance, and Rationale for the Critical Analysis
Review of the Literature
Introduction
Frameworks for Performance Measurement Overview
Financial Performance Measures (DuPont Pyramid)
Performance Measurement Matrix
Strategic Measurement and Reporting Technique (SMART)
Macro Process Model of the Organization
The Balanced Scorecard
Individual Job Performance and Performance Measurement Contextual Performance
Task Performance
Adaptive Performance
Conducting Ratings/Appraisals and the Ratings Formats Utilized
Graphic Rating Scales (GRS)
Behaviorally Anchored Ratings Scales (BARS)
Mixed Standard Scales (MSS)
Performance Distribution Assessment Method
Computerized Adaptive Rating Scales (CARS)
Rewards Related to Performance: Impact on Employees
Rewards for performance
Risks associated with Rewards for Performance Systems
Examples of Rewards for Performance Systems
Function of Monetary Rewards
Function of Non-monetary Rewards
Implications for Rewards for Performance Systems
Implementation of balanced Incentives
Cultivating a culture of Commitment to Improve Performance
Job Satisfaction
Discussion of the Literature
Summary and Interpretations
Theoretical Literature
Empirical Literature
Conclusions
Recommendations
Theoretical Reformulations
Empirical Studies
From the Paper "In addition, after studying performance measurements within service industries Fitzgerald et al. developed a framework placing measures into two basic types. These measures include those that are correlated to results such as competitiveness and financial performance and those measures that concentrate on the determinants of those results such as flexibility, quality and resource utilization. The author points out that this structure is representative of the idea of causality, demonstrating that results acquired are a utility of past business performance correlated to particular determinants. In addition, this type of performance measurement structure is representative of the need to recognize the drivers of performance so that desired performance outcomes can be realized."
Abstract In this article, the writer reviews literature that discusses the concept of reliability. Specifically, the researcher reviews various definitions and interpretations of the term reliability and applies those definitions and interpretations to the field of nursing. The relevance of reliability to the field of nursing and healthcare compared with other uses of reliability is also examined. The writer concludes that the literature studied confirms that the term reliability may be defined in many ways. The writer notes that as applied to the healthcare field and nursing in particular, reliability relates primarily to whether or not the results of a given technique, method, procedure or protocol can be reproduced continuously with the same results.
Outline:
Literature Review: Concept of Reliability Introduction
Reliability in Nursing
Summary of Literature
References
From the Paper "Implicit in the definition of reliability or concept of reliability is the notion that something must be reproducible to be accurate or valid. Validity and accuracy are implicit in any attempts at establishing reliability for a given phenomena. Within the field of nursing anything that is deemed reliable suggests that it is reproducible and hence effective or trustworthy. Explicit interpretations of the concept of reliability however require more empirical data that provides observable and precise evidence that something is accurate, trustworthy or valid. An explicit demonstration of the reliability of a technique proposed for example in the nursing field may require that participants demonstrate positive outcomes in various settings when the technique is used on multiple populations. Explicit interpretations of reliability suggest that something is clearly defined and formulated hence readily observable. A case in point may be observing trends in patient care. In one study for example several documentation systems were analyzed to assess whether the value of using nursing diagnosis in home care would have in diagnostic selection."
Abstract This paper begins with a generalized discussion of the relationship between interest rates, inflation and unemployment. It then examines the impact of the Bank of Canada's focus on controlling inflation throughout the 1990s and its impact on interest rates, unemployment and the Canadian economy in general.
Abstract The Rorschach or ink-blot test is the second-most used personality test. This paper examines the history of the test, its validity and reliability, and how it is scored. The paper expresses a fairly critical view of the test, while providing a number of sources to back it up.
From the Paper "The Rorschach Inkblot Test was introduced in 1921 by the Swiss Psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach. It uses the phenomena of pareidolia to examine the intricacies of the human mind, with a set of primary foci on the expressive capacities and potential mental disorders of its subjects. While initially disregarded as a serious instrument of evaluation, by 1947 it was ranked fourth out of twenty procedures in a study of instruments used by clinical psychologists (Louttit and Brown, 1947) and more recent studies show that it is second only to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in regularity of use."
Abstract This paper explains that unemployment is a big problem not only because people go on welfare and other state assistance but also because it can cause depression and other serious health problems for individuals who cannot find a job. The author stresses that mental and physical health problems make finding employment even more difficult and sometimes result in permanent unemployment; however, the health system has been providing little assistance to the unemployed population. The paper relates that health providers or counselors need to be trained in the general practice management of the health problems of unemployment including risk factor assessment and management, support for the family and referrals to appropriate community resources, specialist medical services and government and non-government services and programs including employment and training services.
Graphs.
From the Paper "As was already noted, unemployment also affects mental health. "Men aged 35-60 years who became unemployed had higher levels of depression and anxiety than those who remained employed... Furthermore, when unemployed people find a job, their mental health improves." There could be several reasons for this. First of all having a job means more people, which may result in meaningful friendships, and ultimately a support group. Everyone needs a support, someone to listen to them, even if they think they are the strongest mentally. Friends are very important to anyone's well-being. Next, it could be because being employed means you have something you can do and you are good at it. I believe when someone is good at something, it will increase their confidence."
Abstract This paper attempts to address the problem of Aboriginal unemployment within the context of government policy. Although government monies have increased to the First Nations steadily in the last ten years, it has put a very small dent in the problem. The Canadian government has used a variety of measures to address the problem of Aboriginal unemployment, including entrapreneuralship programs, education, and fostering mega-projects such as Voisey Bay and northern gas pipelines.
Abstract The paper explains the examination can best be pursued by analyzing the connection between unemployment and GDP growth. The paper quotes Altig et al (1997) who says this is often formally summarized by the statistical relationship known as Okun's law. The paper discusses this law as developed by economist Arthur Okun in 1962, how it related decreases in the unemploymentrate to increases in output growth.
From the Paper "Examining unemployment and GDP in terms of the banking industry can best be pursued by analyzing the connection between unemployment and GDP growth. As Altig et al (1997) notes, this is often formally summarized by the statistical relationship known as 'Okun's law.' As developed by economist Arthur Okun in 1962, this law related "decreases in the unemployment rate to increases in output growth." Unemployment of course is defined as people who are both out of work and seeking employment. The percentage of people in the entire labor force who are in this category is the unemployment rate. GDP is of course Gross Domestic Product, and is defined as the total value of all goods and services produced by an economy. It is a function of productivity and hours worked."
Abstract A paper that supports the theory of the new age economy. It connects the lowering of the rate of unemployment to that of inflation and attributes both characteristics to the fiscal policy of the nation.
Abstract This paper explains that, even though transformation of deposits into loans generates a return but engenders financial risks and particularly an interest rate risk, the Basel II Committee does not provide any standardized method to manage this crucial risk. The author adapts the Markowitz portfolio selection theory on the banking, particularly on the commercial balance-sheet. This model is tested on Credit Foncier de Monaco and finds that this tool maximizes under constraints the risk-adjusted performance and determines the optimal allocation of the assets. In conclusion, the theoretical objectives are compared with the actual results. Numerous formulas are used throughout the paper and seven appendices are included.
Table of Contents:
Abbreviations
Introduction
Theoretical Modelling
Identification
Interest Rate Nominal Vs. Real Rate Short-Term Vs Long-Term Rates Spot Vs. Forward Rates Term Structure Of Interests
Theories
Methods
Deterministic And Stochastic Models
Sources Of Interest Rate Risk
Repricing Or Maturity Mismatch Risk
Basis Or Bid-Ask Spread Risk
Yield Curve Risk
Options Risk
Interest Rate Exposure
Net And Gross Positions
Balance-Sheet & Gap
Profit & Loss Statement & Spread
Factors
Measurement Volume
Instantaneous Gaps
Generalized Gaps
Indexed Gaps
Simulated Gaps
Value
Duration
Convexity
Market
Margin
Sensitivity
Modified Duration And Relative Convexity
Money Markets Rates Management
Hedging And Speculation
Micro Or Macro Hedging
Systematic Or Selective Hedging
Partial And Total Speculation
Hedging Risk And Opportunity Cost
Passive And Active Hedging
Passive Hedging Or Beta Management
Active Hedging Or Alpha Management
Instruments
Spot
Forward And Future
Fra And Swaps
Options
Modelling
Utility
Structure
Utility Function
Constraints
Regulation 40
Commercial
Model
Objective Function
Efficient Portfolio
Optimal Portfolio
Empirical Application
Presentation
Cfm
Treasury
Asset-Liability Management (Alm) Committee
Adaptation
Structure
Constraints
Rates Simulation
Leverage
Regulatory Constraints
Variance-Covariance Matrix
Utility
Variances
Conclusion
Glossary
Appendices
Balance-sheet + Profit & Loss Statement
Balance-Sheets by Currency, Maturity and Interest Rate Gaps
Correlation and Variance-Covariance Matrix
Weightings and Balance-Sheets in March 2008
Coefficient of Variations for Different Scenarios
Objective Function for Different Aversions to Risk
From the Paper "The bank uses options to hedge against the exercise of inserted options. The interest rate option is the right for the holder to borrow from (put) or lend to (call) the writer an underlying at the strike rate against a premium at each date (American option), at predetermined dates (Bermuda option) or at maturity (European option). The basis strategy of the bank is long call or short put in case of decrease of interest rates and short call and long put in case of increase of interest rates."
Abstract The paper discusses two personality tests. The first is the Myers-Briggs test, which is designed to measure life satisfaction and personality. The paper notes that this test uses a questionnaire and the answers are used to determine 'who' that person is from a personality standpoint. The second test is the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II. This test is designed to do basically the same thing as the Myers-Briggs test. It is not called a 'personality test,' but instead is termed a 'temperament sorter.' The paper details the demographics, when the tests are given, and for what reasons, and comments on their efficacy.
From the Paper "Anyone who is going to use the test should consider the above information, since there are some groups for which the test does not work well. It is important to be aware of this, so that results can be as accurate as possible as often as possible. It is also important for people to consider the fact that there is no guarantee of accuracy, and that changing one's life and/or career because of a personality test may cause unanticipated problems."
Tags: specific, traits, personality, reliability, validity, quick, on, line, quiz
Abstract Certain people have suggested that we cannot do anything about the existence of unemployment or even high unemployment, which is why unemployment insurance exists. However, even though globalization has had something to do with putting people out of work, greater blame can be laid on domestic policies such as a poorly designed unemployment insurance program. In response to this problem, the best policies are the ones that reduce the cost of hiring workers and remove impediments that restrict business from expanding. Also, rather than promoting the policy of unemployment insurance, the government should focus on the training and education of workers so that they can perform effectively in the global environment if such policies are to have maximum impact.
Abstract The paper reviews the unemployment situation in Qatar and examines that nation's benefits package while arguing briefly that the Qatari government apparent restraint in terms of granting unemployment benefits is the right way to go. The paper also examines what the Qatar government is doing to combat unemployment and what it is doing to provide safety nets for the unemployed and/or under employed.
From the Paper "Unemployment in Qatar is a serious issue - as it elsewhere in the world. It is serious not only because high unemployment rates mean high levels of social unrest and declining living standards but because, in a day and age of global terrorism, the possibility that disaffected young men (and a few women) might to choose to express their outrage and feelings of impotence by lashing out in violence against others is a real possibility that can no longer be taken lightly. The following paper will review the unemployment situation in Qatar and examine that nation's benefits package, while arguing briefly that the Qatari government's apparent restraint in terms of granting unemployment benefits is the right way to go. Proceeding from there, the paper will understandably also examine what the Qatar government is doing to combat unemployment and what it is doing to provide safety nets for the unemployed and/or under-employed."
