Abstract This paper seeks to demonstrate the effectiveness of marketforces in securing a more optimal outcome in the area of school education, not just academically but for taxpayers and society alike. It investigates why government intervention is failing, and how the market can improve outcomes, guided by three main perspectives of efficiency, equitability, and effect on the social fabric. Moreover, it argues the case for a school voucher system as an intervention model to improve the education system. This argument critically evaluates the extent to which the market can address the issue, outlining how and why markets fail, what this means for the education system and how some government intervention is necessary to address negative market externalities.
From the Paper "Another problem which may arise for a market approach to school education is the event of a monopoly. Markets fail when natural monopolies occur. Which form of ownership - government or private monopoly - provides schooling at the least cost to society? Private monopoly is often rightly condemned for being inefficient. However, government monopoly appears to suffer from similar defects, as even a cursory analysis of the performance of the nationalised industries indicates (Maynard 1975: 19). Maynard (1975) argues that there is no clear evidence as to whether a private monopoly comes at a greater cost than a government monopoly. "
Abstract This paper examines the economic benefits of a policy for the marketing of human organs. The paper presents an analysis of current public policy of non-market organs and then takes a look at the advantages and disadvantages of a regulatedmarket for human organs. The paper points out that current policy is not meeting the need for human organs and concludes that a well-regulatedmarket would be a win-win situation for all involved.
From the Paper "There are many topics concerning public policy that are relevant to microeconomics, however, few that are as morally controversial as the marketing of human organs. By looking at the economic benefits of such a policy, one can better remove oneself emotionally from the topic, and perhaps see the benefit of something that at first appears to be morally repugnant, such as a live donor kidney transplant market. One must fully understand the current state of the situation as well as the alternatives advantages and disadvantages before making an informed decision. One thing is certain, as medical science continues to advance and organ transplants become more and more commonplace around the globe, this topic is certain to continue to be at the forefront of discussion."
Abstract This paper explains that the influence of unrestrained marketforces now make more decisions for Canadian policymakers than does the Prime Minister. The author states that the growing power of the courts has minimized the Prime Minister's power.
Abstract The paper examines the effectiveness of Canada's aggressive regulatory regime in controlling pollution emissions by the Canadian petroleum industry. The paper places particular emphasis on information asymmetries between government and industry. The paper shows the flaws of government regulation and concludes that were the government to instead invest in systematically promoting environmental awareness among the public, it would clearly have a significant impact upon the petroleum industry through marketforces.
Outline:
Introduction
The Canadian Petroleum Industry
Information Asymmetries and the Pigouvian Tax
Regulation and its Discontents
Conclusion
From the Paper "The question of the effectiveness of aggressive regulatory intervention in the marketplace is a complex one given how it balances economic theory and legal principles within the context of political realities. The complexity of this is due to the extremely high level of variables that must be incorporated into an analysis in order to fully understand the problem at hand. In this regard, the Canadian regulatory regime of pollution controls on the country's petroleum industry represents an excellent example through which we may understand the complexity of analysis of government practices in this regard."
This paper reviews Sally Clarke's article, ?New Deal Regulation and the Revolution in American Farm Productivity,? which states that this regulation in the 1930s made possible the acquisition of labor-saving farm machinery.
Abstract This paper explains how the New Deal eliminated earlier concerns and conflicts between safety and productivity. The author states that this article recognizes the roles of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Farm Credit Administration (FCA) in the farmers? investment strategy and that the economic impact of government regulation interfered with marketforces in ways that did not always benefit the economy of the country. The paper concludes, in terms of history, that the article shows that the past needs to be taken into account for both its successes and its failures, if things are to move forward in a significant way.
From the Paper "Clarke makes several points to advance her argument. Firstly, she points out that high sales figures for tractors starting in World War I may be misleading, as they do not focus on the farmers who might potentially have bought tractors and did not. When calculating the relative number of farmers potentially benefiting from purchasing tractors, Clarke finds that fewer farmers in the Corn Belt than expected owned tractors in 1929. This advances the argument that economic factors led to reluctance to invest in new technology during this time. The author further reinforces the point by citing the farmers? tendency to protect assets due to the instability of commodity markets."
Abstract This paper examines how rent control and rent stabilization have been used in a number of American cities for many decades and how, from New York to California, many cities impose rent regulations for a number of different reasons and in a number of different ways. It explores how, although these regulations can be beneficial in some cases and for some people, there are also serious drawbacks to the programs for the general population. It attempts to show that with deregulation, it is possible to ensure a fair housing market for all, including the low income, middle class, and upper class citizens and how, with slow rent increases, gradual housing development, and a provision for low income families, the housing market could return to its normal state. It looks at how, done correctly and with proper concern for all parties, landlords and tenants can both benefit from the deregulation of the housing market.
From the Paper "Rent control, or rent stabilization, in general, can be described in current society as a limit to the amount of rent a landlord can charge a tenant for a specific living area (Clockedile, 2003). Rent control and rent stabilization laws place a ceiling on the level of rent a landlord is allowed to charge, based on the current cost of living in the area and the Consumer Price Index. In addition, rent control and rent stabilization allows tenants who have lived in the occupancy for a certain time the right to renew their lease, and limits the circumstances in which a tenant can be evicted (Pusey, 2002)."
Abstract The Treaty on Open Skies establishes a regime of unarmed, aerial observation flights over the entire territory of its participants. This paper explains how the treaty is designed to enhance mutual understanding and confidence by giving all participants, regardless of size, a direct role in gathering information about military forces and activities of concern to them. It points out that Open Skies is the most wide-ranging international effort to date to promote openness and transparency of military forces and activities.
From the Paper "Regulation of international air travel The Treaty on Open Skies establishes a regime of unarmed aerial observation flights over the entire territory of its participants. The treaty is designed to enhance mutual understanding and confidence by giving all participants, regardless of size, a direct role in gathering information about military forces and activities of concern to them. Open Skies is the most wide-ranging international effort to date to promote openness and transparency of military forces and activities."
Abstract Through an examination of the history of film in America, this paper looks at the censorship and regulation of the film industry and argues that the need for regulation was forced upon the industry (and still is, in a way) for no other reason than that conservative elements of America felt that what the average American could see should be censored. The paper further argues that this regulation was not merely to prevent bawdiness, lewdness, or unsuitable physical actions that stimulated sexual feelings, but also to regulate the politicization of the movies.
From the Paper "Following the end of the War, while many film makers now turned to a rather "new" sophistication, there was also a very serious anti-Communist note in some movies. While the real "Red Scare" occurred in the 1950s, in 1919, for example, there was real concern that the newly Communist Russia might actually invade the U.S. "Conservative films such as The New Moon (1919) disparaged communists and communism with scenes of perfidious Bolshevik officers attacking vulnerable young women....In The Penalty...audiences saw 10,00 disgruntled foreign workers, armed with rifles and pistols, waiting to open fire on police and take over the city of San Francisco." (Ross 136). Politicians applauded these films, even though they often misrepresented actual events. This included several truly anti-Semitic films, which, under extreme political pressure, were forced to change character names and some dialogue. "Pressure from the Yiddish press and Governor Al Smith forced the producers of The Volcano to alter its blatantly anti-Semitic plot. The hero's name was changed from Garland to Nathan Levison and the hook-nosed villain was given the line: 'I am not Jew. I am a Bolshevik.!'" (Ross 141)."
Abstract This paper examines the McDonald's Corporation and provides and thorough discussion of the marketing strategy it should implement in the current international global-centered business market. It begins by introducing the company and then looks at different forces which impact the market. The paper includes suggestions and recommendations for improving the strategy.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Discussion
2.1 Economic Forces 2.2 Social, Cultural, Demographic and Environmental Forces 2.3 Political, Governmental and Legal Forces 2.4 Technological Forces 2.5 Competitive Forces Chapter 3: Conclusion
From the Paper "At the points of sales (POS), it may appear that the company does not need the latest technology. In addition, the need for sophisticated equipment for processing the food is not required. It is important however to note that for an organization the size of McDonald's keeping all activities streamlined and smooth flowing requires interconnectivity. Supply chain management and value stream optimization are important for an organization of this size. Economies to scale in purchasing and distribution of the raw materials are essential. Optimizing and improving the output performances at the POS is also important. Traditionally the labor skill requirement at the POS is very low. This increases the turnover rates that are experienced by the company and company is well aware of this factor. Training therefore is essential at this level. At the managerial and supervisory level the skill requirement is very much higher. To manage the supply chain effective communication is required between the various stores and the head office or regional offices. At the same time the avenues of communication have to be simple and easy to use and the information has to be available to all parties in real time for effective decision-making."
Abstract This paper provides an overview of Germany's CEP market and looks at how a number of changes have occurred in the market over the past several years. It examines how with the numerous changes brought about by on-going reform efforts, as well as numerous changes in parliamentary law and how the market has grown extensively, with new opportunities for access by CEP companies to begin establishing themselves as new players within the market.
Outline
Relevant Background Information
Reg TP, Universal Services and Licensing
Postal Rates Regulation Ordinance
Public Petitions and Consumer Protection
Employment Within Licensed Areas of Postal Services
Letter Delivery Times
Parcel Delivery Times
DPWN
Summary
From the Paper "In further explaining regulations regarding universal services, Schwarz-Schilling (2000) indicated that as long as universal services as defined in the ordinance are voluntarily provided no service provider is under a universal service obligation. Schwarz-Schilling explained that only in situations in which universal services are not being provided in an adequate manner by the market will Reg TP impose a universal service obligation on a licensee. In situations in which there is a deficit determined for the service under question, the Reg TP regulator will solicit bids for the service concerned and award it to the bidder requiring the least financial compensation. When a company is awarded the bid, a universal service obligation will then be imposed on the company or possibly directly on the dominant company."
Abstract This paper outlines the main characteristics of hedge funds and looks at how these differ from traditional investment funds. There are over a dozen investment techniques used in hedge fund industry in order to make returns. The paper describes four of them: opportunistic, market neutral - securities hedging, global macro and value investment style. The great size of the assets under management of the hedge fund suggests that they are important clients of investment banks and can play a significant role in the financial markets. The paper also takes a closer look at how investment banks work with hedge funds and what impact the hedge funds have on the overall stability of the financial markets.
Outline:
Introduction
An Overview of Hedge Funds, Comparison to Traditional Funds and Their Importance as Clients of Investment Banks
Recent Expansion of Hedge Funds
Hedge Funds and Financial Stability
Some Risks Associated With Hedge Funds
Regulation of Hedge Funds
Hedge Funds' Investment Styles
Conclusion
From the Paper "The definition of a hedge fund is an investment institution, which actively manages its portfolio using a large number of strategies and leverage in order to produce high returns, which are measured in absolute terms and/or over a specified benchmark, such as FTSE100 in the UK or the DOW30 in the US. Hedge funds are similar to the traditional investment funds in that they are both pooled and professionally managed, however, there is a number of differences. Unlike traditional funds HFs are practically unregulated and have the flexibility in their trading and investment strategies, e.g. go short when markets are bearish or when a manager thinks that an asset is overpriced and is due a correction (source: Investopedia)."
Abstract This paper explains that, when developing an international marketing campaign (IMC) in a global and diverse competitive environment, one of the first challenges is that different nations across the world embrace different standards of ethical advocacy and regulatemarketing and advertising in different ways. The author points out that taking advantage of a country's greater overall naivete or less stringent government regulations regarding the divulging of information, such as cigarette warning labels, might be effective marketing but hardly ethical. The paper relates that a country, which is tolerant of its own national corporations' foibles, might be less tolerant of a United States company engaged in similar practices.
From the Paper "The increased scrutiny to such 'word of mouth' campaigns in the American media made such an ethical manifesto a necessity for companies to embrace, rather than a free ethical choice. In other European nations, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, cynicism about marketing practices runs equally high. A 2003 Daily Telegraph newspaper poll in the UK found "on a net trust rating (calculated by subtracting the negative percentage score from the positive) ministers in government came out with a lamentable score of minus 49 per cent and directors who run large companies fared even worse, being right at the bottom with minus 56 per cent." But what should one do in the case of marketing to a nation where a technique of water cooler buzz by paid advocates in ordinary offices is not so scrutinized, and ethical standards by marketing executives are notably, and acceptably more lax?"
Abstract The paper explores tariffs on foreign sporting goods and shows how American regulations have proven no obstacle to the careers of international sports stars. The paper looks at Internet commerce in sports merchandise and infrastructure building and then explains how overcoming customs obstacles can be facilitated. The paper reveals that while the world economy may be unstable, high ticket prices indicate that people are often willing to pay 'top dollar' to forget their economic woes.
Outline:
Tariffs
Regulations Customs
From the Paper "Despite current economic instability, the overall growth trend in the U.S. sports economy has been positive over the course of the past twenty years, and even a shaky economy may prove helpful to some sectors of the sports merchandise trade, as Americans seek to turn from their concerns to recreational fields. "The U.S. Monthly Retail Trade Survey reported sales in sporting goods stores of U.S. $2.3 billion (preliminary) for October 2004, up 9.3 per cent from the US$1.95 billion in October 2003," or "the largest percentage gain the industry has achieved since 1997, when wholesale sales rose 5.2 per cent" ("Sports industries to the U.S," 2008, Austrade). The impact of the declining value of the dollar was and continues to be a boon for international sports commerce in the U.S. Additionally, China has incurred tremendous press coverage (positive and negative) for its hosting of the Olympics, raising the profile of developing nations and traditionally underrepresented sports at which foreigners have excelled."
