Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of issues surrounding borders and customs in Canada following the events of 9/11. The writer explores changes that have taken place and the impact of those changes on the privacy of Canadian citizens. In particular, the writer uses the Canadian Constitution and the Charter of Rights to examine this issue. The author concludes that since the events of 9/11, it has become necessary to re-evaluate national security measures in Canada, while at the same time ensuring that the privacy of Canada's citizens is protected as well.
Outline:
Introductions
Customs and Borders
Charter Issues
When All is Said and Done
From the Paper "Since the events of 9-11 the two most important areas of concern for Canadian officials have been customs and border issues. Because the terrorist who committed the attacks on the New York City World Towers used commercial airplanes to commit those attacks the Canadian officials along with the rest of the world has moves toward increasing air travel safety and border regulations to insure terrorists do not have access either by land or by air."
Abstract This paper looks at the regulation of the securities industry in Canada. It briefly reviews the Canadian capital market and looks at the various self-regulating organizations (SROs) in place and their key features. From there, the paper discusses the nature of the Constitution Act, 1867, and how it can be construed as supporting local or provincial control of the securities sector.
From the Paper "As a last point before bringing this paper to a close, it should be added that self-regulation by the SROs discussed above (and at the provincial level in the form of securities commissions) are better simply because it allows supervisory bodies to concentrate their efforts upon a smaller group of individuals. To put the matter simply, individuals looking to break the law - or at least to engage in questionable practices - may feel that they can "slip through the cracks" of a national regulatory regime. However, by having provincial commissions in place (acting in conjunction with broad organizations like the MFDA and IDA, of course) the likelihood of evading detection becomes increasingly remote. Effective plans or programs that heighten the effectiveness of provincial self-regulation would surely seem to be ones that call for close cooperation between SROs and provincial commissions - with joint offices set up that pool resources and allow for immediate investigation of complaints or concerns."
Abstract This paper outlines the historical development of the CanadianSecurity Intelligence Service (CSIS) and its present day organization and functioning. It discusses how the monitoring of security and intelligence issues within Canada has slowly evolved since the late 1800s before and after Confederation up until the current service which was formed in 1984. It examines how over the years the service has been riddled with controversy and difficulties in finding the very sensitive balance between the security of the nation and the highly valued civil liberties of Canadian citizens. It reviews the current mandate with the responsibility of reporting on any and all threats to the security of Canada and its accountability.
From the Paper "In 1970, the RCMP Security Service Officers essentially had the "best" of both worlds for anyone wanting to act powerfully yet not be held accountable (Cleroux, 1990). While they retained all the legal abilities of an officer of the law, they were detached from the structure and policy of the RCMP force. Lacking any form of mandate to guide their security and intelligence responsibilities, policy decisions were left predominantly to be made by the high ranking RCMP officers who headed the Security Service (Cleroux, 1990). During the October Crisis of 1970 in Quebec, the Federal Government found itself without adequate information about the Separatist Movement within Quebec and directed the RCMP Security Service to take "pro-active" measures in order to determine the exact status, power and plans of the Quebec Nationalists (Rosen, 2000)."
Abstract This paper reviews the Canadian banking regulations. In particular, the paper explores what they are, when they started, why they exist and how they work. In the process of so doing, the paper shows that banking regulations in Canada serve a vital function even if they are generally misunderstood by the public.
A look at the methodologies and findings of two separate research studies: An on-line survey of 150 Web users of medical sites and a review of the privacy policies among 25 Canadian on-line pharmacies.
Abstract The paper provides a question by question analysis of each survey in both text and table formats. The author concludes that on-line Canadian pharmacies may not meet American or Canadian privacy laws requirements and may not provide adequate privacy protection for the customers. The paper recommends that, not withstanding the dangers typically associated with these on-line pharmacy providers, because of the high costs of prescription medications in the United States, many consumers are compelled to seek alternatives through these largely unproven outlets; therefore, it is clear that all consumers should be cautious of online pharmacies as a means of obtaining products or practices that are illegal in an off-line environment.
Outline
Introduction
Methodology of the 150-Person Web User Survey
Data Collection of Web User Survey
Online Canadian Pharmacy Consumer Survey Findings
Demographics
Overall Privacy Policy
Pharmacy Licensing
Personal Demographic Information Collected
Computer Hardware/Software and Cookies Information
Ability for the Consumer to Update Personal Information
Opt-In and Opt-Out
Disclosure of Information to Third Parties and Affiliates
Security Miscellaneous Information
Spreadsheet Analysis of Privacy Policy Information for Canadian Online Pharmacies
Methodology of the 25 Canadian Online Pharmacies
Tables of Online Survey Results of Consumers Views of Canadian Online Pharmacies
Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations
Conclusions
Implications
Recommendations
From the Paper "Almost all of the 25 online Canadian pharmacies surveyed (24, or 96 percent) required a health profile and an original or copy of a prescription to complete a transaction. Of the 25 online Canadian pharmacies' demographic information requirements surveyed, eight (or 32 percent) used email; none used Social Security; nine (or 36 percent) used an address, telephone and credit card inclusively; and seven (or 28 percent) used some type of demographic information such as sex or age.
Just about a quarter (6 or 24 percent) of the 25 online Canadian pharmacies surveyed used cookies, but none of them allowed third-party providers to place them."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that the forces of globalization and integration have directly affected the securities industry and its markets. The writer maintains that previously independent, national securities markets are becoming increasingly interdependent because of changes wrought by the forces of globalization in three key arenas: technology, competition and regulation. This paper examines all three issues.
From the Paper "Globalization seems to be the catchword for changes in financial matters ranging from the mergers of transnational corporations to the price of lemonade sold by third graders on the corner. If there's a problem with economies, globalization is to blame. If an economy is doing particularly well, then the forces of globalization are responsible for the success. In short, globalization has been the easy answer for a lot of economists and business leaders intent on analyzing changes within various marketplaces. Despite the overuse of the term - often by individuals who do not understand how to use it - globalization has been responsible for many of the changes that directly affect the business world."
Abstract This paper is a preliminary plan for the Tropika company to develop a unit that will import Canadian red wine into the Los Angeles market and establish that product as a viable item for the low to medium priced wine consumer. An analysis is made of the company, the product, the Canadian economy, and the market in Los Angles for imported wine and specifically for Canadian wine, to the degree that a market for wine from Canada can be assessed.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Tropika
Canadian Red Wine
The American Market
The California Market
Los Angeles Market
Management and Human Resources
Target Market
Market Entry and Marketing Strategy
Financials
Conclusion
From the Paper "Wine has a particular image in America as well, a generally positive image when compared with other alcoholic beverages. Acceptance of wine drinking seems to rise with educational level, and this may be related to an increased awareness of health trends and study data. There is a belief that wine can be healthful (Matthews 25), though medical research sometimes supports this proposition and at other times denies it. Even if the issue is not settled, though, the belief that wine has healthful properties is strong and governs the buying decisions for many people. Of course, there is also some belief that red wine is not as healthful as white wine, which would mitigate against the products being considered. Still, the trend is positive. Wine also has an image as a status symbol, which helps explain why its use increases with education and income level. Wine is generally used to facilitate some social interaction in the home, and there is a positive association with sociability (Matthews 26)."
Abstract In this paper, the writer discusses that Canada is showing an immense improvement within the past ten years in generating profits and global trade policies that have helped their GDP grow steadily into the 21st century. The writer points out that by generating trade tariff regulations and the creating of a wider global market for industrial natural resources, such metals, minerals and timber, there has been an influx of production, which Canada has never before seen at such high levels. The writer notes that this is an important way to grade the Canadians by their valuable resources that smaller, developing countries have purchased in trade agreements.
From the Paper "This Canadian study examines the nature of globalization for Canada and the industries that are currently opening new markets overseas. By examining the role of differing industries in the now global climate of trade, Canada has been growing at rates never before seen due to affects of communication and industry demands in countries throughout the world. By examining the different growth rates that are now defining the immense opportunities that Canadian industry has overseas, one can reveal the success of global relations that are now part of 21st century business and trade."
Abstract This paper describes and critically analyzes the Canadian healthcare system in terms of J. Frenk's policy framework. It also outlines the key issues influencing health policy in Canada, including politics and the news media, as indicated by research and current surveys.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of Frenk's Policy Framework
Canada's Healthcare Systems
Frenk's Theory of Fairness in Financial Contribution
Healthcare Consumer Studies in Canada
The Relationship Between Economics and Healthcare
Political Factors Influencing Healthcare in Canada
Canadian Perspective According to the News Media
The Increasing Amount of Elderly People in the Canadian Healthcare System
The Competition in Canada
The Current State of Affairs of Healthcare in Canada
Conclusion
From the Paper "The current state of affairs in Canada's healthcare systems are not very satisfying, both in the eyes of consumers and healthcare employees. The Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada has reported several intimidating results related to staffing in Canada's healthcare systems, including announcements that Halifax's Capital District health Authority is in need of 175 more nurses to meet the demands in its hospitals. Additionally, there are reports that the same health district authority canceled a successful liver-transplant program because there were no surgeons to perform the operations, with similar tragedies being reported across the country. Goals to improve this area of Canada's healthcare system would be that governments and healthcare employers should change laws, regulations, and employment agreements to better match healthcare practitioners' jobs to their training and that the government should invest in increasing the number of doctors and nurses working in Canada as well. Furthermore, governments should use financial incentives to better distribute healthcare practitioners between and within provinces."
Abstract This paper explains that the Ontario province government has implemented several strategies to encourage private sector investment in the province's automobile industry. These strategies combine loans and grants that are designed to "top up" or encourage the investments of companies in the private sector. The author points out that the ideological underpinning of this strategy is liberal democratic capitalism under which the state is seen as playing a supportive role to industry by absorbing some of the costs associated with industrial growth and development. The paper relates that the cars manufactured in Canada are not intended to compete in the global marketplace but rather almost entirely in the U.S. as intracorporate trade in the form of parts and assembly for different plants of the same company on different sides of the Canada-US border. The author points out that the Canadian competitive advantages are the low value of Canada's currency in comparison to the United States dollar and the various Canada-U.S. trade agreements.
From the Paper "Globalization has also been recognized by critics of Canadian industrial policy as a threat to Canadian jobs and the economy as a whole, for it is argued that highly paid Canadian workers cannot compete on a globally leveled playing field against much more lowly paid workers in places such as Mexico. While many specialists in the fields of trade and economics have argued that free trade and globalization are essential to foster competitiveness in Canadian industry, it seems likely that there will be some cost to Canada given the historic low competition ranking of Canadian industry when compared with its global competitors."
Abstract This paper discusses the role played in Canadian politics by the Charter of Rights in Canada's new Constitution. The writer gives a brief synopsis of the rights that the Charter seeks to confer, and the powers it has given to the Courts of Canada. In the case of "Regina v. Dr. Morgentaler", which was given top press coverage, the writer shows how section seven within the Charter of Rights was used as a lever to justify the overturning of the existing abortion laws. The writer discusses three main choices which the elimination of the Abortion Laws has left for the government's leaders, and concludes by emphasizing the care with which the Prime Minister must watch the media and its ability to sway the people's passions.
From the Paper "In order to better understand how that could happen, it may be worthwhile to note that a brief outline of the Constitution shows that it circumscribes three main areas. The first area is where the Constitution gives basic principles and goals; the second outlines how power will be distributed within the nation; and the third area covers the basic rights and freedoms given to a citizen. Upon considering the areas mentioned, we see that the Constitution of Canada basically outlines the rules by which politics may be executed within this country. And we know that it is vitally important to have a Constitution so that we may have a proper base of law and order with which to be governed by and to live by."
Abstract This paper examines changes in U.S. visa regulations that have occurred as a result of the attacks on September 11, 2001. The focus is how these changes affect that competitiveness of the U.S. economy.
From the Paper "According to an essay by Jack Runyan published online by the U S Department of Agriculture the Immigration Reform and Control Act of IRCA was passed by Congress and signed into law in an effort to control unauthorized immigration to ..."
Tags: visa regulations, united states, state department, consular interviews, student visas, homeland security, economic impact
Abstract This paper briefly examines the history of insider trading from a criminal standpoint, but focuses mainly on contemporary issues in terms of existing legal codes, as well as codes put forth by the SEC, and the way these rules and regulations have changed in the past few years. The contemporary nature of the report is also heightened by the current mass-media fixation on the issue of insider trading, which is also explored through examples, including that of Eri I. Tsao, Martha Stewart, and other case histories that center around criminal justice's handling of insider trading cases. Changes in the system are discussed mainly as they are related to the SEC and criminal law.
From the Paper "In the case of Tsao, a leading research scientist at Medlmmune, the criminal activity which took place involved using insider information to buy and sell stock for a profit. "The SEC said Eric I. Tsao, a vice president at the Gaithersburg company, bought stock in three biotechnology companies soon after learning Medlmmune was close to completing business deals with each of them" (Barbaro, E1). Using this information, which had not been released to the public, to his own advantage, caused Tsao to be indicted on charges of insider trading. The biotechnology companies were supposed to have business deals with Medlmmune, which caused their stocks to go up after the deals were completed, earning Tsao a considerable profit of over one-hundred thousand dollars. Tsao's case deals with the somewhat blurry line between criminal and civil suits, and thus should not be dwelt upon too extensively. His case represents criminal behavior, most definitely, but the suit filed against him by the SEC was not based on criminal charges, but rather, civil ones."
Abstract In recent months, the furor over the release of Karla Homolka has sparked heated debate and calls for a review of the Canadian justice system. The following paper examines three contentious areas of the Canadian legal system that seem in desperate need of a reassessment. The first of these revolves around the growing perception that the Canadian judiciary is arrogant, perhaps even irresponsible, and simply unresponsive to the concerns of ordinary Canadians. The second area revolves around the treatment of aboriginal peoples within the Canadian justice system and the third and last area revolves around the difficulty that Canadian law-makers and justices are having in reconciling the somewhat amorphous multiculturalism they embrace in theory with the fundamental liberal democratic tenets that under-gird the Canadian justice system.
