Abstract
This paper presents a positive review of Sangste's 2001 book entitled "Regulating Girls and Women - Sexuality, Family and the Law in Ontario, 1920-1960." The paper further explains Sangster's method and commentary on a criminal justice system affecting girls and women adversely due to professional ignorance, conservative social values and notions of correction. Additionally, the book contains a valuable chapter on Native women's interaction with a system that did not regard them as culturally different or understand factors of poverty or the interference of the Indian agent.

From the Paper
"This volume fills a gap in our understanding of Canadian women's history and the rise of feminist criticisms of law and society. In a kind of hagiography of Canadian feminism, one reads much of conditions in the 19^th century, assured of progress in the 20^th century and very often, a motif of women having come into their own through the experience of World War II which saw women replace conscripted men in occupational life. This onwards and upwards rendition of Canadian women's history, with or without remarks on the post-War economic boom, increased women's employment and..."

Tags:sangster, ontario, women law

Abstract
This paper reviews Joan Sangster's book, "Regulating Girls and Women - Sexuality, Family and the Law in Ontario, 1920-1960", and describes the strengths and weaknesses of the book. The paper argues that there is room to ask whether or not legal and social realities have changed much with regard to girls and women entering a reformed criminal justice system.

From the Paper
"Institutionally, all appears to have worked to protect women in Canadian family law that made men responsible for wives and children should they desert them. There were assault laws that seemed to direct high standards in the home and with the interval of 1920 to 1960 seeing the appearance of Toronto's Juvenile and Family Court as seemed to promise that family issues were taken seriously, just as the Children's Aid Society attended to child welfare. The ideal was one of producing 'social' hearings or trials that would reflect social investigation and clinical expertise as promised better family law. (p. 55) However, Sangster is able to show that law was really carried over from before, was not always enforced in ways that protected women, in effect, and that very old-fashioned thinking governed society's ideals for female citizens. The same interval produced the Mercer Reformatory for Women which aimed to make 'honest' or respectable women according to a certain mold from women thought to be immoral, as in convicted prostitutes, or in need of correction through labor."

Tags:court, assault, status, methodology

Abstract
"Wayson Choy's "The Jade Peony" is a novel that reflects the experience of being a Chinese child in Vancouver around the time of the Second World War. Alice Munro's "Lives of Girls and Women" also records the experience of growing up in Canada but in this case, it is the experience of a Caucasian girl, growing up on a fox farm in rural Canada. This paper compares and contrasts these two novels, pointing out that the most striking difference between them is the narration technique.

Tags:choy, munro, narration

Abstract
This paper examines some of the relationships among the characters in Alice Munro's novel, "Lives of Girls and Women." In particular, the paper considers Del's relationship with Ada and reveals its importance in Del's sometimes-winding path towards maturity.The paper concludes by showing how over time, Del comes to realize that she and her mother are more alike than perhaps either wants to admit.

From the Paper
"Over the next several pages, this essay will analyze Del's relationship with Ada and reveal its importance in Del's sometimes-winding path towards maturity. Over time, Del comes to realize that she and her mother are more alike than perhaps either wants to admit. But, far more importantly, Del comes to realize that while, she, too, has feet uncomfortably placed in two separate worlds, she is able to see the hidden pathologies of the "ordered" world that Ada seems to embrace; if Ada finds something threatening about the Flats Road world, then Del finds something threatening about the furtive repressiveness represented by Jubilee polite..."

Tags:alice, munro, maturity

Abstract
This paper examines how the Rockefeller Drug Laws issue different punishments for usage of crack and cocaine, with the former more prevalent in communities of color and carrying a greater sentence. White women charged with drug use are viewed to have a problem that can be cured via therapy, whereas women of color are incarcerated for similar offenses. Drug-abusing pregnant mothers are discussed, as well as the differences between the private and public forms of justice that lead to racial inequality in the judicial system. Different court cases are integrated into the argument as means of proof. Behind bars, the gendered differences between male and female prison systems is discussed, as well as the constant abuse and sexual degradation experienced by female prisoners at the hands of male guards. The prison industrial complex is also compared to a modern institution of slavery.

From the Paper
"The American legal system often targets women of color through unjust law enforcement and the prison system perpetuates systems of inequality found among non-prisoners. Women are mainly incarcerated for non-violent offenses and the circumstances in which their behavior is deemed "criminal" are influenced by racialized stereotypes and the manner in which gender roles are defined and distributed by our society. A majority of feminists have typically failed to address that violence against women by the state/and or military is a tangible enough dilemma and instead focus on domestic violence or violence initiated in the public sphere. Drug laws, in particular, target young and older women of color and their racially specific enforcement in the 'free world' manifests into the ultimate form of domination behind bars, a control that even transcends the color line."

Tags:discrimination, gender, justice, poverty, racism, sexism, slavery, system, women

Abstract
This paper explores the effects of gender differentiation on education, focusing on education in the sciences. The first part of the paper looks at how women continue to fulfill most of the care giving tasks associated with domestic duties and the supportive tasks in the professional world. The next part of the paper then examines the historical imbalance between the education of boys and girls in the United States. The third section discusses how these imbalances hinder many girls and women from pursuing higher studies and careers in the sciences. The paper concludes that this imbalance in educational opportunities as well as a hostile environment are the main obstacles to women in science.

From the Paper
"Across the world, the secondary position of women in society remains a virtual constant. This preferential treatment for men is embedded in social and political structures in various countries and societies. In many societies, women are akin to property, and do not have any rights to education, inheritance or to work outside the home. In the United States, legislation geared towards non-discrimination, human rights and equal treatment have made such overt discrimination against women things of the past. However, the structures of patriarchy and the preferential treatment of men remain embedded in many social structures. Society continues to discriminate against women in many ways."

Tags:feminism, medicine, gender, discrimination, mothers, rights, education, girls

Abstract
The paper discusses how for most of the years that we have had film and television, the plots portrayed via these media have featured heroic men and helpless, often screaming, women, who stand helplessly by and wait for the male hero to rescue them from the scary alien, the callous criminal, or the vicious Russian spy. However, the paper shows how this has changed radically in recent decades; in both films and television, we have seen girls and women who have usurped some of the attributes formerly associated with masculinity, such as courage, physical prowess, and the use of violence for good purposes.

From the Paper
"For most of the years that we have had film and television, the plots portrayed via these media have featured heroic men and helpless, often screaming, women, who stand helplessly by and wait for the male hero to rescue them from the scary alien, the callous criminal, or the vicious Russian spy. However, this has changed radically in recent decades. In both films and television we have seen girls and women who have usurped some of the attributes formerly associated with masculinity, such as courage, physical prowess, and the use of violence for good purposes. In this essay it is argued that these popular filmic representations reflect a..."

Tags:heroic, women, media

Abstract
Thispaper analyzes the theme of girls' and women's independence in four children's books. These are "Alice in Wonderland", "Pippi Longstocking", "Kiss the Dust", and "Little Women".

Tags:women, independence, books

Abstract
This paper explores the history of education for girls and women in three countries - the United States, Ireland and Britain. It looks at 'traditional' professions for women through the ages, provides college statistics and shows how women have improved their lot in all fields. The paper also looks at the role that women's rights movements played in advancing education for women.

From the Paper
"The 1990s were an important period in the educational status of the Irish woman, due mostly to the huge increase in her access to and participation in paid employment, especially in the 25-45 age bracket. Simultaneous to this was her involvement in a whole range of educational, training, employment and community development programmes, which have tremendously increased (Barry, 2000). The key factors to this development included her control over her fertility life and fewer as well as shorter interruptions to her formal work activity, changes in a woman's life expectations; the high economic growth in Ireland, which resulted in the expansion of employment, in turn requiring an improvement in education and educational status."

Tags:Female, Medical, College, Seneca, Falls, Suffrage

Abstract
The paper discusses how law is a powerful cornerstone of society, establishing both an orderly set of rules and regulations as well as serving as an impetus for social change. Over the past few decades, the law has brought many advances in society, from preserving a woman's right to choose an abortion (Roe v. Wade), ordering public schools to desegregate (Brown v. Board of Education), and from increasing awareness regarding sexual offenders. The paper shows, however, before these social changes could occur and laws could be enacted, a tragic event (such as a murder, racial tensions, etc.) frequently had to occur. In the case of Megan's law, a little girl had to be violently raped and murdered before legislators decided to reform the laws concerning sexual offenders. This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues related to Megan's Law. Part II provides an overview of Megan's Law. In Part III, the pros and cons of sex offender registration and public notification are outlined and evaluated. Lastly, this paper concludes with recommendations for improving Megan's Law.

From the Paper
"While there are numerous advantages to Megan's Law, there are disadvantages as well. Critics of Megan's Law call it a "modern-day scarlet letter," a probation that in effect never ends. (Pitts). As such, Megan's Law arguably contradicts the notion that after an individual has paid his/her debt to society, he/she is entitled to a second chance without fear of vigilantism. (Pitts, BBC). Opponents of Megan's Law argue that it is not highly effective, especially given that only 80% of pedophiles comply with registration requirements in the United States, compared with 97% in the United Kingdom. (BBC). Additionally, opponents of Megan's Law point out that most cases of child abuse occur within the family, and suggest that victims may remain silent if they believe a family member will be denounced. (BBC)."

Tags:federal, legislation, Kanka, Ex, Post, Facto, Supreme, Court