Abstract
This paper describes the goals and methods of reconstruction of the southern states after the American Civil War. It states that reconstruction tried to achieve a certain degree of racial egalitarianism of the blacks with two vital amendments to the constitution: The 14th and 15th amendments. The paper describes the counter productivity with the government's clemency towards the southern states, which introduced black codes to suppress the African-American population. The author states that reconstruction achieved much regardless of its obvious weaknesses: schools were built to educate blacks and the poor whites, roads were constructed and the shield given to life and property were certainly key achievements of the government.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Reconstruction and its Weaknesses
Attitude of white Southerners
Compromise of 1877
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Even after the liberation declaration proclamation, two more years of war, service by African American troops, and the overwhelm of the confederacy, the nation was still unprepared to deal with the question of full citizenship for its newly at liberty black population. The reconstruction implemented by Congress, which lasted from 1866 to 1877, was aimed at reorganizing the Southern states after the Civil War, providing the means for at restructure the southern states. After the Civil War, providing the means for readmitting them into the union, and defining the means by which whites and blacks could live jointly in a no slave society. The South, however, saw reconstruction as a humiliating, even unforgiving burden and did not welcome it."

Tags:1866, 1877

Abstract
This paper stresses that, although the era of reconstruction after the Civil War is often referred to as "The Tragic Era" or "The Age of Hate", the treatment given the South is considered to be the mildest punishment ever inflicted after an unsuccessful Civil War. The author points out that the fact that the Civil War brought forth the inherent differences of the people of the North and the South underscores the success of the political leadership of the North and the adaptability of the South in ultimately unifying the country. The paper explains that the three phases of political reconstruction of the South---the presidential, radical and redemption periods---not only reconstructed the South but also strengthened the entire country's political system.

From the Paper
"The redemption period of reconstruction between the years of 1873-77 brought more trouble and many conclude this was the ending stage of reconstruction. The North "would help the return of decent government, and whatever elements obstruct the attainment of so desirable an end, whether ignorance, lust power or greed of plunder will be thrust aside". The Republican Party was divided because of racial tensions. The radical Republicans didn't want blacks to hold office, but would allow them to vote. This disagreement allowed Democrats to increase in strength. The poor blacks and whites ... "

Tags:federalism, redemption, phases, differences, adaptability

From the Paper
"Although the American Civil War effectively ended in April, 1865 with the surrenders of Confederate Generals Robert E. Lee and Albert S. Johnston in Virginia and North Carolina, respectively, the fight for the peace, that is, reconstruction, had merely begun. Reconstruction involved federal control of Southern state governments and the South's reincorporation into the union, its political reconstruction. Reconstruction began at the end of the Civil War, under the presidency of Andrew Johnson. Presidential reconstruction was essentially conservative. However, Congressional reconstruction, which effectively superceded the Reconstruction efforts of the politically enfeebled Johnson, was radical in nature. Radical reconstruction was intended to be both punitive, and to amend Southern society."

Tags:civil, history, johnson, war

Abstract
This paper discusses the American Civil War and its after effects. It focuses on how the American Civil War led to the Reconstruction of the South, both politically and economically that made the South what it is today.

From the Paper
"In 1865, the American Civil War came to an end and the period of Reconstruction began. The purpose of Reconstruction was to restore the Southern states to the Union and to insure the rights of the recently freed blacks. From the start, the President and the Congress clashed over which branch of the government should have control of the Reconstruction process. This became an important issue which went beyond the concerns of Reconstruction itself. Specifically, the struggle between Congress and the Presidency was concerned with determining the relative power of the legislative and executive branches. During the course of Reconstruction, Congressional power became dominant in the U.S. government. This dominance was to continue throughout the Reconstruction period, until 1877.
During the Civil War, President Lincoln declared a state of ..."

Abstract
This paper takes a close look at the tragic and confusing period which occurred directly following the United States Civil War. First, the actual plan for Reconstructing the South, as it was implemented starting in 1867, is defined and discussed. Then, Andrew Johnson's plan is discusses. Finally, the argument is made that the actual Reconstruction, though a failure, was more successful than Johnson's would have been.

From the Paper
"At the end of the Civil War, the United States was a nation set for great change. Its two halves had just completed a bloody and costly conflict, one that had seen the North and the South divided not only along the lines of slavery and its abolition, but of states' rights and the direction in which the country should be taken. The eleven Confederate states had not only lost the war, but were left with nothing. The slavery-fueled concept of plantation-farming was gone, thanks to Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. The southern economy and government was in tatters. There was nothing to take the place of these vanished traditions and standards. "

Tags:johnson, reconstruction, america

Abstract
This paper gives some definitions and answers some questions about the South during reconstruction and the abolition of slavery. The apper discusses the Wade-Davis bill, Black codes and black rights and the rise of white supremacy.

From the Paper
"The Wade-Davis Bill was a plan for Reconstruction requiring half the white adult males to take an oath of allegiance before drafting a new state constitution and restricted political power tot he hard-core Unionists. The black codes gave African Americans some rights they had not had as slaves; legalizing marriages from slavery, allowing blacks to hold and sell property, and to sue and be sued in state courts. The Radicals said that impeachment applied to political offenses as well..."

Tags:slavery, reconstruction, South, Wade-Davis

Abstract
This paper examines C. Vann Woodward's "Origins of the New South." It summarizes its contents and describes Woodward's systematic method to track the industrialization of the South after Reconstruction and in response to populism.

From the Paper
"This research examines Woodward's Origins of the New South. The research will set forth a summary of the book's contents and then analyze the methodology Woodward employs to articulate the pattern of ideas that make up the text with a view toward assessing ..."

Tags:South, Reconstruction, Woodward

Confederacy

Civil War

Woodward, C. Vann

Populism

Abstract
The paper discusses the United States government agency that was established to provide for the transition to freedom for former slaves, that became known as the Freedmen's Bureau. The paper explains that this agency's measures were not particularly successful because they lacked popular support in the South. Conversely, the paper highlights how the measures that did carry popular support, and so unfortunately became the true defining policies of the Reconstruction and the decades that followed, were the "black codes" passed in many Southern states. The paper describes how these black codes, which developed into the later "Jim Crow" laws were attempts by white Southerners to keep their society as similar as possible to how it had been in the antebellum period.

From the Paper
"The Civil War was quite obviously a period of great unrest and political upheaval in the United States. Yet the period following the war's conclusion and the Union's victory, known as the Reconstruction, almost equaled--if not surpassed--the Civil War period in terms of political adjustments and major social changes. This was especially true for the population of newly freed slaves living in the South, many of whom found themselves without a place to live or a job with decent wages. In fact, many former slaves remained on the same plantations on which they had lived and worked during their oppression simply because they had nowhere else to go that could promise them any sort of employment or living situation. In addition, new laws and unofficial policies were formed that made it exceedingly difficult for former slaves to advance their socio-economic situation, creating problems that can be traced directly through the twentieth century and arguably even to our modern times."

Tags:Freedmen's, Bureau, black, codes, segregation, South

Abstract
The paper relates that the period known as "Reconstruction" following the American Civil War was one of the most difficult in this country's history. The paper discusses how although it was necessary to rebuild the nation once the fighting had stopped, this period was ultimately divisive; in the eyes of many citizens and lawmakers alike, the South had betrayed the rest of the nation and deserved punishment. This paper describes the four different plans for Reconstruction and briefly describes Reconstruction's aftermath.

From the Paper
"The period known as "Reconstruction" following the American Civil War was one of the most difficult in this country's history. Although it was necessary to rebuild the nation once the fighting had stopped, this period was ultimately divisive. In the eyes of many citizens and lawmakers alike, the South had betrayed the rest of the nation and deserved punishment. In President Lincoln's eyes, the South needed embracing and welcoming back to the proverbial fold. However, in addition to these conflicting points of view, other difficulties created challenges for the emerging "new" South. In addition..."

Tags:reconstruction, loyalty oath, civil war