Abstract
This paper studies the changes in the social, political and intellectual ideologies of American culture as an outcome of the Civil War. The paper looks at what happened in the South and how the people responded to reconstruction.

From the Paper
"The Civil War altered political social and intellectual ideologies of American culture. Introduction: By that time cotton was no longer king in the South and many Southerners were calling for a more diversified economy. There was an increasing move from a farm economy to an industrial one and their industrialization of the South, with increased capital investment in the Southern economy, was endorsed by many. At the same time Anglo-Americans were now settling millions of acres and overcoming resistance from Native Americans in the Indian Wars."

Tags:Civil War

Abstract
This paper provides a book review of Edward L. Ayers' (2006) "What Caused the Civil War? Reflections on the South and Southern History", a book in which he argues his main thesis that there is no one single cause of the Civil War (slavery, economics, states' rights, etc.) that is sufficient to explain the conflict.

From the Paper
"In Edward L. Ayers' "What Caused the Civil War? Reflections on the South and Southern History", the author rejects any form of scholarship that blames slavery as the sole cause of the Civil War. The general body of historians has been divided into two camps; one that believes economic causes were behind the war, and one that believes slavery caused the war. While Ayers admits that slavery was a major cause of the conflict, especially in latter years,..."

Tags:North, industrialism, agrarian economy, Reconstruction, Iraq, teaching, technology, primary documents, historians

Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the Civil War in American history. Specifically, the paper contains an analysis of James M. McPherson's "Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction" and "Why the North Won the Civil War" by David Herbert Donald. The writer discusses why the North won the Civil War. The writer maintains that the North won the Civil War for a variety of reasons, and not all of them have to do with manpower and might. The writer concludes that the North won even though the South enjoyed several advantages, because the North, in the end, had superior forces and most of all, superior materials and more industry to create more weapons than the South had, and so, they simply outlasted the Southerners and their reserves.

From the Paper
"The geography of the South was on their side, too. Mountain ranges in the east helped repel invasion, and the major valleys that supported invasion faced away from Richmond, the capital of the South and the target for invasion and destruction. Instead, the major attack route, the Shenandoah Valley, ran toward Washington DC, the logical Southern target for destruction. Thus, the South owned several key advantages that could have led to victory, but of course, did not.
"In conclusion, the North won the Civil War for a variety of reasons, including manpower, industry, and leadership. The South had several advantages. Some they capitalized on and some did not work out for them, as history clearly indicates."

Tags:industry, economy, deficiency, fighting

Abstract
The paper examines the period of Reconstruction and focuses on the political and economic reforms that were instituted, including recovery of the Southern economy, now that it no longer could depend on slaves.

From the Paper
"The Civil War devastated the United States. Americans lost their lives during the war and a stunning percent of the overall population at the time ended up as casualties of the War. (Wikipedia) Though the North ultimately won the Civil War, it was a pyrrhic victory that left much of the country in shambles. The wildly contentious period of recovery from the Civil War is generally referred to as Reconstruction. Reconstruction is an apt word for what had to be done in..."

Tags:civil war, reconstruction, economy, slavery, vote, political, railroads

Abstract
This brief paper reviews a chapter that covers the period from Reconstruction to the victory of white supremacy in the South and the enactment of Jim Crow laws.

From the Paper
"This chapter covers the period after the Civil War from Reconstruction to the enactment of the first Jim Crow laws and segregation in the South in the ...s. The chapter provides four sections. The struggle for domination, the overthrow of Reconstruction, the movement for disfranchisement and the triumph of white supremacy. The struggle for domination details the conflict between Republicans and Democrats with widely varying agendas and how this struggle influenced the unfolding of Reconstruction. Secret racist orders like the Knights of the White, Camellia..."

Tags:racism, Civil Wars, Republicans, Democrats, intermarriage, segregation

Abstract
This paper provides a brief insight into the direct repercussions of the American Civil War and discusses how it took a toll on both Confederates and Unionists, with about $6 billion in total war costs and over one million war casualties. It analyzes how economic, military and diplomatic repercussions of the Civil War were all in some way related to abolition. It looks at how in order to be re-accepted into the Union, Southern states were forced to redraft their constitutions and elect new legislators and how this reconstruction of the southern state governments came with a large financial, political and social cost.

From the Paper
"Reconstruction also affected domestic armies and led to an upsurge in informal Confederate militia groups like the Ku Klux Klan. Needing an outlet for their frustrations, decommissioned Confederate Army soldiers and anti-abolitionists formed and joined such paramilitary organizations. Union army officers enjoyed positions of power in the federal government, while Southern war generals suffered loss of livelihood and pride. Furthermore, for the economy and the new social order in the South to remain stable, the federal government divided the south into five military districts immediately following the end of the war."

Tags:reconstruction, abolition, slavery, union, government

Abstract
This paper discusses the scope and effects of the American Civil War on American society. It then attempts to provide an explanation for the peculiar trend that the war's denouement and crucial aftermath (the decade of Reconstruction) is so noticeably absent from historical accounts. The paper look at the ways in which Reconstruction is a painful and divisive topic for all Americans, even today.

From the Paper
"Despite some successes, the complicated, limited, 'unfinished' nature of both Reconstructions is most likely the reason for the gap in the scholarship on this topic amongst people who were in favour of Reconstruction, as well as their reluctance to create further antagonism over an issue that continues to divide America. This is not to say there is no literature on Reconstruction, but of the works that do exist, many contradict one another over lines of time, race, location and political affiliation. There does not seem to be consensus over many issues at all, and it seems that no conclusion has been reached with regard to this period's real meaning and significance. It is not surprising that those people who were 'anti-Reconstruction' (many of whom subscribe to the ideas of the 'Lost Cause') remained equally quiet and divided over an issue that incites such passion. They too feel the failure of the period (perhaps more specifically the 20th Century version) in that black people did improve their position substantially from what it was under slavery, and did enjoy gains that so threatened white citizens of the South (provoking the brutality which for some, may be a source of shame). It is no surprise these people remain reluctant to dredge up old scars."

Tags:Constitution, Democrat, Republican

Abstract
This paper examines some of the drastic changes that happened in Florida after the Civil War as a result of the abolition of slavery and the advent of industrialization. The writer explains how, after the devastation brought about by Civil War battles, a bitter battle for equality began and though laws were established to regulate the educational needs of the newly freed African Americans and grant them voting rights, their education reform was controlled, they were banned from carrying guns in some cities, and they were often harassed when they wanted to exercise their right to vote. The paper concludes that even to this day the battle for equality continues and not everyone takes advantage of the rights that so many had to fight for.

From the Paper
"It was a nightmare for the residents of the southern states. They were forced to come up with a way to revitalize the work force around them. This was going to take a lot of effort from both the men and women. Wives were no longer able to just sit at home with the children. They had to contribute in the household and make ends meet to keep their children alive. For any troops that were injured in the Civil War and survived, they had a tough time keeping their families supported. Once the wounded troops went back to their home states they were faced with a grim reality. They did not have the life they had before they went off to fight against the Union troops. Their small towns were not as developed as the northern portion of the United States. Many of the people that lived in the south started to wonder how they were going to rebuild."

Tags:railroad, William Wagner, Abraham Lincoln, white supremacist, southerner Floridian

Abstract
The paper discusses how the ability of President Lincoln to harness the power of the U.S. transportation infrastructure was essential to eventual victory on the part of the Union forces. The paper looks at Herman Haupt's role in controlling the railroads and maintaining the war effort and shows how the ensuing end of the war and reconstruction cemented both the need and the ability of the US government to control this essential developmental resource.

From the Paper
"One of the most important issues with regard to armed conflict is resources, who has them or can get them and who does not and cannot. It would seem that to a large degree resources can make the difference between the winner and the loser in any regional or international conflict. In fact resources are so crucial that most use the availability of resources, rather than the righteousness of the cause as one of the fundamental decision factors of whether to enter into armed conflict at all. In the case of civil wars the issue frequently becomes more complicated, as the control of such resources, as they exists and can be manipulated, determines to some degree the outcome."

Tags:Lincoln, Haupt, Union, Confederates

Abstract
Taking a wide view of the civil war, this paper begins with a look at the many causes behind the conflict. Continuing on, it discusses how the war shaped or change the country and how those lasting effects can still be felt today. It discusses the reconstruction process, how class divisions were created and takes a last look at all the great things the war did for the nation.

From the Paper
"It cannot be said that slavery started the Civil War, but its impact on economy, politics, and society has proven to be very significant in the development of America in during the 19th century. In order to understand America's support of slavery in the South, the role that the cotton economy played must be looked at. The South was very much submersed in agriculture which the Northeast was mostly industrial. The slave labor in the south kept huge plantations of cotton growing prosperously on a wide assortment of soils. The cotton industry doubled every decade for 40 consecutive years, from 1820 to 1860. This quickly created a demand for more land and more slaves to work that land. Due to the high profits that cotton plantations afforded, those who capitalized on slavery typically achieved the roles of economic, social, and political leadership. As slavery and the cotton economy grew in the South, they argued more strongly with the North that their society was better (Ferland, 2009)."

Tags:civil war, president lincoln, North America, war