Abstract
Describes "Rasta" as a form of religious and cultural expression. Discusses the link between "Rasta" and contemporary music, the political/cultural influences, such as Pan Africanism, the Back-to-Africa movement, and the popular culture of modern Jamaica.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of Rastafarianism on contemporary music. The plan of the research will be to set forth the popular-culture origins of Rastafarianism as a mode of religious and cultural expression and then to discuss ..."

Abstract
This paper explains the rise and spread of Rastafarianism and how reggae helped popularize these beliefs. It looks at different songs and lyrics by the famous Rasta singer, Bob Marley, which called for a change in attitudes towards the Rastafarians.

From the Paper
"Influenced largely by New Orleans Blues, (urban American pop music of the 1940's) the style of reggae adopted rhythms which shifted their accents off beat. "This new style was called reggae, for its ragged cadence, and its lilting and mesmeric quality seemed especially suited for new dimensions of storytelling and social commentary." (Rolling Stones, March 2005: pg 72) In Jamaica, music was used as a means to tell stories or pass on tradition or information. It was because of this musical acculturation that a new form of music was initiated and the people had a catchy way to express their emotion. "It was music that gave a displaced population a way to tell truths about their lives and a way of claiming victory over daily misery, or at least of finding a respite." (Rolling Stones, March 2005: pg 70) Reggae was a form of expression.'"

Tags:bob, marley

Abstract
The paper examines Tomas Rivera's novel "And The Earth Did Not Devour Him" and his portrayal of powerful family images. The paper also looks at "The Children Were Victims," "Christmas Eve," "Little Children Burned" and "When We Arrive" and points out the themes of families, faith, hard work, hardship in the lives of the migrant Latinos. The paper points out that Rivera doesn't tell or lecture, and that makes his work more meaningful and memorable.

From the Paper
"Tomas Rivera's stories show the reader, they do not "tell" the reader. They do not preach, but they give a voice to their characters. In a literary sense, his stories relate not only to migrant workers, but also to the underdog everywhere. The stories stand on their own but they all weave themes of humans confronting suffering and prejudice with the strength of hope, love, and family bonds. It's a terrible shame that Rivera died at such a relatively young age (48), because one can only imagine how many more wonderful stories he may have written - even though his demanding profession and his high social status as the Chancellor of the University of California at Riverside did not allow an extraordinary amount of time for serious writing."

Tags:Latinos, Chicanos, migrants, family, hardship, faith

Abstract
This paper discusses how although appearing much like a novel, Tomas Rivera's "And Earth Did Not Devour Him" reads like a bundle of narratives tied together. It looks at how the novel is structured into stories and vignettes characterized as temporal explorations of the narrator through Rivera's stream of consciousness style and how all of these fragments join together in Rivera's raw testimony about the plight of the Chicano farm workers and their solidarity in a quest for social justice, which was derived from Rivera's own personal experience.

From the Paper
"This technique used by Rivera is clearly influenced by William Faulkner and his famed stream of conscious styles found in such works as The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying. Rivera, in the vignettes, threads together impressionistic pieces consisting of a stream of consciousness style whereby the character's unadorned thoughts are conveyed in a manner roughly equivalent to the way our minds actually work. John Mepham defines stream of consciousness as a style of writing that allows the reader a glimpse into the private thoughts of the character (1892). William Faulkner, in America, and James Joyce, in Europe, are thought to be the innovators of this technique that opens up the inner dialogues of the character's mind to the reader. Rivera uses the stream of consciousness stylistic form known as quoted narrated stream of consciousness that reveals the interior monologue of his anonymous narrator. "

Tags:Chicano, social, justice

Abstract
This paper compares the roles of the leading characters in three of Edgar Allan Poe's books, "The Imp of the Perverse", "The Black Cat "and "The Tell-Tale Heart". The paper notes that in all three books Poe connects a logical and rational argument with an irrational plot. The paper discusses how, without motive, the main characters exhibit all acts of evil while participating in horrific crimes. The paper concludes that the stories written by Edgar Allan Poe always combine the psychological with the supernatural, hinting at the connection between the human psyche and some hidden forces of the universe.

From the Paper
"Evil is therefore inextricably related to irrationality, and therefore almost uncontrollable. Although psychoanalysis had not been born yet in Poe's time, it is obvious that the writer's psychological investigation of evil is very deep. Poe recognizes the influence of the subconscious over the human reason, and many times, its overwhelming power. He compares the man sitting on the edge of a precipice with someone who is ready to plunge into his own irrationality and obey his darkest impulses: "And because our reason violently deters us from the brink, therefore do we the most impetuously approach it. There is no passion in nature so demoniacally impatient as that of him who, shuddering upon the edge of a precipice, thus meditates a plunge. To indulge, for a moment, in any attempt at thought, is to be inevitably lost."(Poe, 296) This simile between the free plunge into the abyss and the modern definition of the subconscious gulf underlying our minds reveals Poe as a predecessor of psychoanalysis."

Tags:ghastly, events, paradoxical, impulse, atrocities, supernatural

Abstract
This paper discusses "We Were Soldiers Once...and Young: We Were Soldiers Once... and Young: la Drang--The Battle That Changed the War in Vietnam," by General Harold G. Moore and reporter Joseph L. Galloway. The writer explains how both men had firsthand knowledge and experience of the events during the battle and were able to interview Vietnamese as well as American soldiers who had fought and survived the battle. The guidelines followed by the two authors, who met in 1983 to discuss the terms of writing the book, are also explained. The writer provides a brief synopsis of the book and discusses some of its themes, concluding that this book is one of the best books on military history every written.

From the Paper
"Each of the authors has reasons of their own for wanting to write this book. General Moore, who was shown throughout the book to be a man of honor and a man who was loyal to his troops, wanted to honor the men who served in the battle of Ia Drang Valley. He also wanted to show a view of war that was not glorified. He wanted the reader to experience the intense emotion, the intense fear and the intense drive to survive, at least as much that is possible through reading a book in the relative safety and comfort of a soft couch. General Moore was nothing if he was not a man of his word."

Tags:firefight, military, PAVN, historiography, battlefield, courage, discipline, heroism

Abstract
In the course of nursing practice, nurses will frequently encounter female clients with eating orders and/or obesity. This is because there are so many people in our society who have these conditions. For example, we frequently hear that Western society has an obesity epidemic. This paper will argue that nurses should focus their practice on counselling women to accept and be happy with their bodies, while attempting to live a healthy lifestyle and take adequate exercise. Nurses should not be part of the system that coerces women to diet, with frequently devastating consequences.

Tags:obesity, eating, disorders

Abstract
The paper analyzes and reviews "And Then There Were None" by Agatha Christie. The writer suggests that, in the book Christie seems to be commenting not only on the social injustice of the caste system in England, but also on how it is so ingrained in society that everyone adheres to it, no matter what.

From the Paper
"The author also shows this in Vera's seemingly compulsive need to let everyone know she is an employee, rather than a guest. She immediately indicates she is a "lesser" being than the guests, and there to serve them, although she does not even know how at the beginning of the story. England's society is based on societal levels and the book helps the reader understand how important they are to English people. Americans may not understand their need to categorize people into societal levels, but at least they will understand how it works a little better by reading this book. It also shows there is something decidedly different about all the guests, which makes the reader want to continue on and discover just what it is."

Tags:strict, caste, system, compulsive, societal, frontier, justice

Abstract
This paper briefly looks at the history of events that lead to the fall of the popularity of the Church and,finally, to its downfall. Examines the role of Rome in this train of events and discusses the ramification for the future of Christianity.

From the Paper
"This continued in spite of the fact that authorities, upon the pretext of perceiving such behavior as being unfair to other sects, tried to apprehend this as far as possible. By and by, with Christians refusing to go through the formalities of paying homage to the emperor and refusing to appear when they were called upon to join the army, this conflict continued to rise and surge, eventually leading the inevitable inception of the socio-political platform idealistically shaped for the fall of the church (How Rome Became the Center of the Christian World, 2003)."

Tags:rome, christianity, catholic, reform

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the reggae music artist Bob Marley used a speech by Ethiopian leader Halie Selassie for the song "War." The writer points out that Selassie was an African leader and also a major figure in the religion of Rastafarianism, of which Marley was a member. Marley was also known for his lyrical content in terms of his ability to directly address political issues of the time. The writer discusses that by looking at the song lyrics to the Bob Marley song "War," the listeners of the music and the readers of the lyrics can see how the artist is first of all a Rastafarian by religion, and then an activist by political involvement: the song shows both sides of Marley, the Rasta side and the political side. The writer maintains that despite an observation of his being above politics, Marley was also linked by association with politics by the explicit political themes he often chose as his message. The writer concludes that the result, whether through misinterpretation or intention, was not universally positive or peace-love, either.

From the Paper
"Bob Marley was seen by many as a representative voice of the Jamaican lower class and Rastafarian religion and culture, and there are explicit political connections to be made between his music and society, especially his work with the Wailers, during which time the song "War" was co-opted from Selassie's speech. At many times during Marley's life, the connections he made with politics were explicit, as when he used his stage to unite political leaders in a spirit of friendliness and hand-shaking, or when he sang about the dire situation in Africa in songs like "War," which as mentioned was directly taken from a political speech by the Rastafarian deity and Ethiopian dictator Haile Selassie. But at the same time, there is a tension between politics and religion/mysticism in Marley's life and lyrics that makes calling him a political leader or saying that he chose political reggae music difficult. To a true Rastafarian, which image Marley adhered to even at the heights of his international pop-stardom, involvement politics was to be avoided at all costs as a function of Babylon. But at the other end of the spectrum, Marley was definitely involved in political activities, and "War" signifies lyrically what is basically a political message about African unity and peace, only to be achieved through freedom from bondage."

Tags:Rastafarian, political, reggae, lyrics