Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of restorative justice with regards to rape victims. It gives a definition of restorative justice according to different groups and describes how this form of justice is meant to assist the victim. The paper discusses restorative justice in relation to past cases of rapes and how the victims and families dealt with the crime.

From the Paper
"Because Lucy's bones were part of the evidence, the family could not receive them until the case was ended, but Marian did see her sister's bones; "I gasped at the sight of her skull - it was so beautiful, like burnished gold..." Meanwhile in order to bring closure, Marian was advised by her Buddhist counselor about restorative justice, and she became involved in mediation for other rape victims. Marian told a group of incarcerated rapists that her sister had been gagged before being killed, and so she, Marian, wished to hear their truths. "One of the prisoners who had committed multiple rape said, '...Until you spoke I was just play at victim empathy,' and it clearly helped him to understand what he'd done." And moreover, Marian is planning to write a letter to one of the two persons (now in prison) responsible for the mass murders (and Lucy's murder). "Those who know her [the convicted co-murderer] have advised me that it is not yet time to suggest..." a meeting between the two. "Meanwhile, I am content to continue sending her compassion," Marian concluded."

Tags:mediation, empowerment, counselor

Abstract
This paper contends that the skyrocketing number of prescriptions for anti-depressants recently has caused some to worry that patients, such as rape victims, who could benefit from the addition of medication in their recovery, might not be able to get the much-needed medicine.

From the Paper
"The recent FDA decision regarding SSRI's (Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors) has caused the medical community to scale down anti-depressant prescriptions in recent months. This project in intended to shed light on the growing problem of over-prescribing anti-depressants and the effects that ultimately could prevent rape survivors from receiving the much needed medications they need for recovery."

Tags:anti, celexa, depressants, neuroreceptors, prescriptions, prozac, seratonin, ssri, survivors, zoloft

Abstract
This paper contains a series of real life experiences of rape victims. The author describes their trauma and recounts how these mostly acquaintance-rape victims try to overcome their rape ordeal and recover psychologically as well as physically. The paper provides some statistics on rape cases as well as incest and child abuse cases in the USA.

From the Paper
"The people who commit these heinous acts are usually close to the victim, a parent, cousin, uncle, friend of the family, or neighbor. The parents of the child, if they are not the ones molesting the child, feel safe about leaving the child with the molester, and the child feels as though they have no power to protect themselves. Rape is not about sex. It is about power and control - the power to destroy and the control over the body and mind of another person. Yet, those who can overcome being raped are immensely powerful themselves."

Tags:sexual abuse, child abuse, incest

Abstract
This paper contends that rape shield statutes should exist and be enforced to protect the rape victims from unnecessary harassment in court and increase the chances of conviction. Rape shield laws are designed to protect women from defense attorneys who attempt to introduce irrelevant evidence of a victim s past sexual conduct (Barrett, 1987, p. 57; Bachman & Paternoster, 1993, p. 557).

From the Paper
"This paper contends that rape shield statutes should exist and be enforced to protect the rape victims from unnecessary harassment in court and increase the chances of conviction. Rape shield laws are designed to protect women from defense attorneys who attempt to introduce irrelevant evidence of a victim s past sexual conduct (Barrett, 1987, p. 57; Bachman & Paternoster, 1993, p. 557). They have been created to overcome the overwhelming court bias against the victims and their prosecutors. For example, the notorious instructions of Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of the Bench, have cast a shadow over the attempts of the victims and their prosecutors to win their cases: rape is an accusation easy to be made, hard to be proved, and harder to be defended by the party accused though ever so innocent (qtd. in Bachman & Paternoster, 1993, p. 557)."

Abstract
The following paper attempts to answer the question of whether or not a 15-year old girl, pregnant from a rape committed by an unknown assailant, should abort the fetus or not. In answering this troubling ethical issue, the paper also considers whether or not the parents of the girl have an ethical obligation to counsel her against the abortion, an ethical obligation to counsel her to have the abortion, or whether they should simply stand aside and let the girl make up her own mind. Ultimately, in addressing this problematic subject, it is essential that some philosophical theories be introduced so as to offer an intellectual framework for the discussion.

From the Paper
"The following paper will endeavor to answer the question of whether or not a 15-year old girl, pregnant courtesy a rape committed by an unknown assailant, should abort the fetus or not. In answering this troubling ethical issue, the paper will also look at whether or not the parents of the girl have an ethical obligation to counsel her against the abortion, an ethical obligation to counsel her to have the abortion, or whether they should simply stand aside and let the girl make up her own mind. Ultimately, in addressing this problematic subject, it is essential that some philosophical theories be introduced so as to offer an intellectual..."

Tags:bio, ethics, abortion

Abstract
This paper discusses how historically, the concept of rape has severed to protect a man's right to exclusive sexual access to his woman, while the feminist re-definition of rape empowers women to assert control over their own bodies. This paper also reviews various reactions to this re-definition of rape and discusses the effects that rape has on a victim.

From the Paper
"Criminology indicated that date rape was an under-reported crime (Date pp). Vanstone highlighted the fact that sex through physical violence is clearly viewed as rape, date rape, on the other hand, may not involve physical violence (Date pp). There are other forms other forms of coercion to obtain sex that is also considered rape, such as "fear of violence, detention, intoxication with alcohol or a drug, and deception can all be factors relevant to whether the woman has consented (Date pp). Vanstone said that date rape has been an offence for a very long time, yet only recently has been acknowledged as a serious social problem (Date pp). According to a 1996 survey, almost 90 percent of rape victims know the perpetrator, and of these victims, some 25 percent were the current partner, boyfriend or date of the victim in the twelve months prior to the survey, and if previous partners are added in, the percentage is as high as 37 percent (Date pp). However, date rape is rarely reported to law enforcement authorities, and most surveys indicate that the number of sexual assaults reported to the police are only the tip of the iceberg (Date pp). "

Tags:date, rape, issues, sexual, victimization, control, assult, post, traumatic, stress, sex

Abstract
This paper examines the effect rape has on victims' subsequent intimate relationships. By interviewing women and providing in-depth research this paper show how women who have been raped a single time by a man who she does not know are more likely to have problems with their post-rape relationships. The paper details reasons for this difficulty in forming relationships and discusses possible treatments.

From the Paper
"In a society where rape is a common occurrence, Kilpatrick, Edmonds, & Seymour (1992) found that 1 in 8 adult women in a given community have been raped, it is important to understand the long-term effects on the victim (as cited in Layman, Gidycz, & Lynn 1996). More specifically, the purpose of this study is to discover the long-term effects of rape on subsequent intimate (emotional and sexual involved) relationships on women who have been raped a single time. It is hypothesized that women who are raped a single time and do not receive social and psychological support will be more likely than women who have not been raped to have difficulties with subsequent intimate relationships with men. Women are the focus of this study because they are commonly thought of as being raped more often than and are more likely to report rape than men."

Tags:crime, rape, relationships, sex, women

Abstract
An analysis of the memoir by Alice Sebold titled "Lucky," which describes the trauma of rape as experienced by Sebold and its impact upon her life.

From the Paper
"Victims of rape and other forms of sexual assault are often doubly victimized - initially by their attackers and then again in the process of a criminal investigation and court trial should an offender be arrested. Indeed victims of this form of assault often elect not to report their victimization to police because they fear with some legitimacy that they will be further violated by efforts to discredit their testimony and to cast aspersions on their character in order ..."

Tags:Lucky, by, Alice, Sebold, criminal, justice, rape

Abstract
The paper states that rape is no longer the simple concept it was a generation ago. The traditional scenario of rape, where a man physically forces a woman to have sex, is no longer the only possibility. The paper discusses the gray area of rape, which can involve a victim instigating a sexual relationship, but then deciding not to give consent. The paper notes that it can include scenarios where the victim is voluntarily intoxicated and simply doesn't remember giving consent. The paper discusses whether these people are truly victims and highlights the fact that when alcohol and/or drugs are thrown into the mix, proving that consent was not given is often difficult to prove, and thus makes up the gray area of rape.

Outline:
Introduction
The Hook-Up Culture of Today's Youth
Hooking Up and the Gray Area of Rape
Gray Rape - Not Just for Women
Are Gray Rape Victims Truly Victims?
Alcohol and Gray Rape
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The hood up culture of today's younger generation comes with risks beyond the obvious of increased chances of sexually transmitted diseases, but of rape. The term coined that describes what happens when hooking up becomes sexual assault is 'gray rape', according to Newsom. This gray area can involve drugs and/or alcohol or sexually explicit behavior that muddies the lines of true consent.
"One incident regarding a Duke University sophomore illustrates the unclear lines of gray rape. The girl had had one drink at a bar and returned to her dorm room with a male. She had told him she didn't want to have sex, but began to make out with the young man. They removed their underwear, and she still said she didn't want to have sex, but they didn't stop, and did have sex. The girl didn't report the incident or even consider it rape, yet some believe it to still be sexual assault. "

Tags:alcohol-induced, promiscuous, culture, sleeping, around

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the act of rape is one of the most violent and demeaning crimes in society. Further, the writer notes that rape is more associated with aggression and domination than it is with sex. The writer explains that not only does this act cause physical harm but it is also emotionally and psychologically damaging to the victim. In this paper, the writer discusses that in spite of the suffering of rape victims, the myth is often propagated in society that women initiate rape either by being alluring or tacitly leading the male on. The writer concludes that it should be remembered that rape is a crime and a social act that has enormous consequences for the victim.

From the Paper
"However, mythical attitudes and stereotypes have an extremely negative effect, not directly only on the women who is a victim of rape but also in terms of the reportage and combating of this crime; as well as on the subsequent arrest rates. Due to this myth that women often invite rape, many women feel that they are somehow to blame if they are raped. This has been given as a central reason why many women do not report being raped to the authorities. The myths therefore tend to distort the victims sense of psychological balance and viewpoint and point to the possibility that she may have in some way led the rapist on or encouraged him. These women therefore internalize the dominant social rape myths that are promulgated in the society and culture so that they become a measure of 'reality'."

Tags:sex, crime, rapist, blame