Abstract This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry. It includes the history of rape in organized crime of prostitution and the cultural norms that promoted and advanced this industry during olden times. Thereafter this paper highlights the present dilemma of rape in organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking. Subsequently, the scope of organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking is discussed. Then cultural and societal issues promoting rape and prostitution are highlighted. Next, this paper discusses the underlying causes of rape, prostitution and human trafficking. After that, the reasons for using rape and the effect it has on organized crime are revealed. Subsequently, the impact of rape on the trafficked women and children is uncovered. Consequently, this paper exposes the impact of rape on the organized crime industry of prostitution. Lastly, this paper discusses the relationship between rape, prostitution and law. In addition, there is also an account for why this abhorrent crime has a low reporting and conviction rate in the developed world.
Outline:
Introduction
Section 1: History of Rape and Prostitution
Section 2: The Present Dilemma of Rape in Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 3: The Scope of Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 4: Cultural and Societal Issues Promoting Rape and Prostitution
Section 5: The Underlying Causes of Rape, Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Economic Aspect of Prostitution and Rape The Relationship between Poverty and Feminization
Underground Economy and Corruption
Individual Factors of Prostitutes
Section 6: Why Rape is Used and the Effect it has in Organized Crime
Ensnaring
Establishing Dependence
Seizing Control
Total Supremacy
Section 7: The Impact of Rape and Violence on the Trafficked Women
Section 8: The Impact of Rape and Prostitution on the Organized Crime Industry
Section 9: Rape, Prostitution and Law
Reasons for Non-Reporting
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "In addition, Leuchtag (2003) asserts that human trafficking for sexual exploitation is quite rarely taken up as a human rights violation. In fact more often than not, it is taken up as a national security issue and/or illegal immigration issue. In addition, very often governments and the criminal justice systems complicate human trafficking with smuggling. What is common across both smuggling and human trafficking is that both involve movement of goods/people across borders through unofficial channels (Leuchtag, 2003). Raymond (2002) in his study criticized the amalgamation of human trafficking with smuggling. He argues that one involves the consent of the parties involved, that is, the exporter and the importer of goods; while the other is a form of slavery being carried out by the organized crime mafia. Moreover, the movement of people across borders involves sexual exploitation and gross violation of basic human rights (Raymond, 2002). The trafficked people are mostly from the poorest part of the world that has been deprived of the basic rights and privileges to begin with. They are taken from being in a position of misery to further suffering in the form of rape, abuse, torture and battering (Carrington and Hearn, 2003)."
Tags: prostitution trafficking, sex trade, effects society impact
Abstract This paper analyses various themes in "The Rape of the Lock", a poem by Alexander Pope, concentrating particularly on the theme of the "mock-epic". The paper shows the importance of the verse form and uses Pope's contemporary, John Milton, as a basis for contrast and comparison for the way in which Pope considered society.
From the Paper "Pope's use of the mock-epic genre is intricate and exhaustive. The Rape of the Lock is a poem in which every element of the contemporary scene conjures up some image from epic tradition or the classical worldview, and the pieces are wrought together with a cleverness and expertise that makes the poem surprising and delightful. Pope's transformations are numerous, striking, and loaded with moral implications. The great battles of epic become bouts of gambling and flirtatious tiffs. The great, if capricious, Greek and Roman gods are converted into a relatively undifferentiated army of basically ineffectual sprites. Cosmetics, clothing, and jeweler substitute for armor and weapons, and the rituals of religious sacrifice are transplanted to the dressing room and the altar of love."
Abstract This paper discusses how current law in Idaho is reflective of considerable change, especially with regard to rape statues. The paper specifically discusses common law and how it is based upon regional considerations and is largely determined by the development of precedence in the historical legal system. The paper looks at how this relates to rape statutes and how it is changing over time.
From the Paper "Though Idaho is no longer considered a "common-law" state with regard to domestic situations, i.e. regarding the determination of marital status and on other issues it is legitimately still very demonstrative of common law history, a fact that can be attested to by the ability of a single do-gooder to choose to enforce a law that was previously ignored. Other issues, such as common property, among domestic partners, are a later adoption of a common law practice, in Idaho. For the most part it makes sense that legal situations in low population areas could and possibly still should be decided by legal prescience as well as the foundations of common law, in which lies the desire to create and enforce laws that are reflective of the common people and their beliefs and standards at any given time. Changes to the Idaho statute on Rape could include more specific sentencing regulations, a trend associated with a national movement for minimum mandatory sentencing, but many would argue against such action."
Abstract The paper examine the theory propounded by Randy Thornhill and Craig Palmer that rape has evolved as a reproductive strategy, and is a natural, biological phenomenon. The writer of the paper examines in detail Thornhill and Palmer 's theory and their arguments supporting their case. He then examines the theory in the light of existing research and presents the reader with both assenting and opposing arguments as presented by researchers including Jerry Coyne and Leda Cosmides and John Tooby.
From the Paper "The aspect of Coyne's argument that appeared the weakest was his due focus on child molestation and homosexual rape. For a man, the act of having sex with a child or with another man is, by definition, maladaptive sexual behavior, because it is impossible for such sex to result in the transmission of genes. Therefore, to use the fact that both children and males are highly represented among rape victims to disprove the concept that rape behavior is the result of evolution is irresponsible science. Consensual homosexual sex is maladaptive sexual behavior, and the gene for homosexuality, if there is one, is not represented in a significant portion of the population. However, the rape gene, if there is one, would have to be highly represented in society, since the percentage of men who have forced sexual contact on a partner is much higher than the percentage of men who have engaged in consensual homosexual contact. Therefore, it is clear that these genes are not the same genes; as a result, one could be homosexual and still carry a gene that combines violence with sexuality. However, one's homosexual orientation would naturally translate that impulse to homosexuals. The same argument could be made for child molestation. Coyne's failure to acknowledge that possibility is his greatest weakness."
Abstract This paper briefly examines Pope's poem in terms of the 18th century society in which it was written. Within this one work, Pope touches on many topics of concern for the 18th century commoner: love, gender, and the generally superficial thinking of the time. One of the poem's most important themes is the interplay and disconnection between gender roles and love.
From the Paper ""Rape of the Lock" first and foremost, is a poem about love. Belinda, the Baron, and Clarissa all seek the affection of another; however their strategies in which they go about receiving it are vastly different. Belinda toys with men to eventually win their affections. The Barron takes pieces of the women that he lusts after as trophies to keep them immortalized forever. Clarissa assists the man whom she loves in his conquest. Every classical epic poem contains some sort of battle or conquest. As a mock epic poem, "Rape of the Lock" dramatizes a mock battle between the Baron and Belinda, which takes place in Canto III lines 125 through 160."
Abstract This paper discusses how historically, the concept of rape has severed to protect a man's right to exclusive sexual access to his woman, while the feminist re-definition of rape empowers women to assert control over their own bodies. This paper also reviews various reactions to this re-definition of rape and discusses the effects that rape has on a victim.
From the Paper "Criminology indicated that date rape was an under-reported crime (Date pp). Vanstone highlighted the fact that sex through physical violence is clearly viewed as rape, date rape, on the other hand, may not involve physical violence (Date pp). There are other forms other forms of coercion to obtain sex that is also considered rape, such as "fear of violence, detention, intoxication with alcohol or a drug, and deception can all be factors relevant to whether the woman has consented (Date pp). Vanstone said that date rape has been an offence for a very long time, yet only recently has been acknowledged as a serious social problem (Date pp). According to a 1996 survey, almost 90 percent of rape victims know the perpetrator, and of these victims, some 25 percent were the current partner, boyfriend or date of the victim in the twelve months prior to the survey, and if previous partners are added in, the percentage is as high as 37 percent (Date pp). However, date rape is rarely reported to law enforcement authorities, and most surveys indicate that the number of sexual assaults reported to the police are only the tip of the iceberg (Date pp). "
Tags: date, rape, issues, sexual, victimization, control, assult, post, traumatic, stress, sex
A research paper on the effect of rape on later relationships, determining if women who are raped have a difficult time becoming emotionally or romantically close to a man.
Abstract This paper examines the effect rape has on victims' subsequent intimate relationships. By interviewing women and providing in-depth research this paper show how women who have been raped a single time by a man who she does not know are more likely to have problems with their post-rape relationships. The paper details reasons for this difficulty in forming relationships and discusses possible treatments.
From the Paper "In a society where rape is a common occurrence, Kilpatrick, Edmonds, & Seymour (1992) found that 1 in 8 adult women in a given community have been raped, it is important to understand the long-term effects on the victim (as cited in Layman, Gidycz, & Lynn 1996). More specifically, the purpose of this study is to discover the long-term effects of rape on subsequent intimate (emotional and sexual involved) relationships on women who have been raped a single time. It is hypothesized that women who are raped a single time and do not receive social and psychological support will be more likely than women who have not been raped to have difficulties with subsequent intimate relationships with men. Women are the focus of this study because they are commonly thought of as being raped more often than and are more likely to report rape than men."
This paper examines the current laws regarding statutory rape while stressing the need for stricter implementation and enforcement of these same laws which prohibit sexual relations between adults and minors.
Abstract This paper discusses the growing problem of teenage pregnancies in America, which, can, in some part, be attributed to sexual relationships between minor females and adult men. The writer of this paper examines the argument, which states that enforcing these rape laws will result in a reduction of teenage pregnancy rates. The writer contends that if teen pregnancy rates are reduced, the existing burden on the welfare system will be substantially relieved as a result. This paper explores the current statutory rape laws, in which relations between adults and minors are referred to as rape, sexual abuse and unlawful sexual conduct. The seriousness of the charges vary, based on the age of the victim, or the span of years between the victim and the perpetrator. This paper explores the strategies of various states, such as Delaware and California, that are leveling civil penalties against the perpetrators of crimes against minors.
From the Paper "While all states currently have laws forbidding sexual activity between adults and minors, the variation in laws and application are enormous. The relations between adults and minors are referred to as rape, sexual abuse, unlawful sexual conduct and other epithets. The seriousness of the charge can vary, based on the age of the victim, or the span of years between the victim and the perpetrator. It should also be noted that most of these laws are not gender neutral and are usually applied solely to young women and girls. Even so, the laws are notoriously difficult to prosecute. The women involved are often, understandably, unwilling to give testimony against their partner. Several states are looking to recoup the cost of the teenaged pregnancy to the social service system by leveling civil penalties against the perpetrator."
Tags:rape, sex, child, abuse, adult, crime, law, minor
Abstract This paper examines the manifestation of rape in wartime and the reasons for it. The author points out variations in rapes across different wars and different ethnic groups. The paper discusses some of the theories of why rape happens.
From the Paper "Although sexual violence against women is common in times of war, the degree of such behavior varies from war to war and no adequate explanation has ever been put forward to explain this. The Soviet troops in Germany during World War II were known to rape large numbers of women particular in Berlin after the city's fall. There had been widespread rape of women earlier in Hungary and the practice intensified as the Russian army pushed into East Prussia and Silesia. Thousands of women and girls from age ..."
Abstract The following assignment is a third year history assignment. The topic of this paper is women in the Renaissance period. The writer looked at how rape was treated in the Renaissance period. Essentially the writer argues that rape is not considered a significant issue in the Renaissance period because women were not considered people. The writer maintains that women were considered as property and so rape was not considered as a serious matter.
From the Paper "The role of women in the Renaissance period was filled with a wide range of contradictions. In many cases women were seen as the most wonderful creations in the universe. For example, in the 'Most Infamous Revenge' Lisarda states, Octavia, six years older than her brother, was one of the most beautiful women of that kingdom without even taking into account her charm, her abilities, her elegance, and her intelligence. Anyone even imagining that she might look ugly, who simply heard her without seeing her, would have praised her beauty."
Abstract This paper discusses Alexander Pope's satirical poem "The Rape of the Lock," pointing out differences between the genders and the importance of physical beauty to men.
From the Paper " In Alexander Pope's poem The Rape of the Lock Pope pokes fun at the differences between the sexes and the short-comings of each gender. In addition Pope as an artist poet and man was also a ...."
Tags: Alexander Pope, Rape of the Lock, Gender Poem
Abstract This paper reviews Iris Chang's "The Rape of Nanking" which explores the 1937 Japanese invasion of China. It discusses the militaristic culture of Japan. The author also explores Japanese war crimes and the reasons why they were not brought to wide public attention. It concludes with lessons to be learned from Nanking.
From the Paper "The Sino-Japanese War atrocities employed by the Japanese army when it invaded Nanking in December is the main subject of Iris Chang's "The Rape of Nanking" that she subtitles "The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II". Chang is as concerned with why the ensuing brutal massacre was forgotten or at least kept relatively secret as with exposing what happened in the Chinese capital. The influence of post World War II Cold War politics on this horrific episode as well as the militaristic culture of Japan is explored by ..."
