Abstract
This paper explains how domestic violence refers to both mental and physical violence between adult intimate partners. It explores the indication that rape is used to regulate the power relations between the two genders and tries to maintain a certain cultural order between the genders in a culture with ever blurring boundaries.

From the Paper
"In the United States, at the end of the millennium, "domestic violence" is a code for physical and emotional brutality within intimate relationships, usually heterosexual. As a code, it glosses the intricate, layered connections of power relationships built on race, class, and gender hierarchies, each tied in unique fashion to requirements of female dependency. These power hierarchies recede as the discursive focus abstracts acts of violence as pathology to be remedied, separate from a critique of the relationships of dominance through which it is constituted. It is possible to oppose "domestic violence" and at the same time oppose all other efforts to restructure relations of dominance, including women's subordination. (Warr, M. 1985)"

Tags:domestic, violence, physical, emotional, brutality, intimate, relationships, power, heterosexual, race, class, gender, hierarchies, female, dependency

Abstract
This concise paper provides an overview of the evolution of society's definition and view of rape, and proposes that there is still a need for an overhaul in general social thinking concerning rape. Has society changed enough of its conception towards the legal, social, and personal factors that coincide with rape? The paper's answer is no. The paper opines that needed social changes include a broadened nationwide definition of rape, increased rape prevention education, and improved community response to rape survivors.

Outline:
Introduction
History
Definition of Rape
Rape Prevention Education
Improved Community Response
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The first step in rape education should be the societal changes in respect to physical and emotional training that begin in child early years. Often times such training can lead girls to believe that they are physically and emotionally underdeveloped in regards to muscular development and stamina compared to boys. This can lead to severe problems as they reach adulthood. Females underestimate themselves in the ability to gauge their own bodies to resist sexual violence through self doubt. According to Gerdes, " ... self defense classes have become very popular on college campuses, and most schools offer awareness-raising programs on the role alcohol plays in a large percentage of sexual assaults" (2008, p. 84). Most female who do end up taking self-defense classes usually do so after they have been sexually assaulted. There need to be a change in perception of how one sees her own body and the ability to contribute to keeping it safe and knowledge of how to fight back. Women can still be caring, nurturing, accepting of others, but not to the detriment of their emotional and physical stability."

Tags:misogyny, rapist

Abstract
This essay examines gender stratification in American society and how the power dichotomy between genders relates to rape, one of the most frequent and violent crimes in our society. The paper delves into the respective roles socialization and biology play in the American definition of gender identity. Further, the paper explores the factors that influence a man to rape and the factors that affect how America views rape, and in turn the rapist and victim, as a society. It finds that rape is a byproduct of a categorized, controlled and subservient society. Finally, the paper challenges the reader to answer the question, "What can be done?"

From the Paper
"Fausto-Sterling devotes a great deal of time to showing us how gender is defined, and how the standards of gender are introduced and enforced. From the moment of birth, the most important question to many people is "is it a boy or a girl?" From this point onward, the child will be put on a path towards either being a man or a woman, and will be treated differently depending upon the biological sex (Fausto-Sterling, 2000)."

Tags:Rape, Identity, American Society, Biology, Socialization

Abstract
This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry. It includes the history of rape in organized crime of prostitution and the cultural norms that promoted and advanced this industry during olden times. Thereafter this paper highlights the present dilemma of rape in organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking. Subsequently, the scope of organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking is discussed. Then cultural and societal issues promoting rape and prostitution are highlighted. Next, this paper discusses the underlying causes of rape, prostitution and human trafficking. After that, the reasons for using rape and the effect it has on organized crime are revealed. Subsequently, the impact of rape on the trafficked women and children is uncovered. Consequently, this paper exposes the impact of rape on the organized crime industry of prostitution. Lastly, this paper discusses the relationship between rape, prostitution and law. In addition, there is also an account for why this abhorrent crime has a low reporting and conviction rate in the developed world.

Outline:
Introduction
Section 1: History of Rape and Prostitution
Section 2: The Present Dilemma of Rape in Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 3: The Scope of Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 4: Cultural and Societal Issues Promoting Rape and Prostitution
Section 5: The Underlying Causes of Rape, Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Economic Aspect of Prostitution and Rape
The Relationship between Poverty and Feminization
Underground Economy and Corruption
Individual Factors of Prostitutes
Section 6: Why Rape is Used and the Effect it has in Organized Crime
Ensnaring
Establishing Dependence
Seizing Control
Total Supremacy
Section 7: The Impact of Rape and Violence on the Trafficked Women
Section 8: The Impact of Rape and Prostitution on the Organized Crime Industry
Section 9: Rape, Prostitution and Law
Reasons for Non-Reporting
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"In addition, Leuchtag (2003) asserts that human trafficking for sexual exploitation is quite rarely taken up as a human rights violation. In fact more often than not, it is taken up as a national security issue and/or illegal immigration issue. In addition, very often governments and the criminal justice systems complicate human trafficking with smuggling. What is common across both smuggling and human trafficking is that both involve movement of goods/people across borders through unofficial channels (Leuchtag, 2003). Raymond (2002) in his study criticized the amalgamation of human trafficking with smuggling. He argues that one involves the consent of the parties involved, that is, the exporter and the importer of goods; while the other is a form of slavery being carried out by the organized crime mafia. Moreover, the movement of people across borders involves sexual exploitation and gross violation of basic human rights (Raymond, 2002). The trafficked people are mostly from the poorest part of the world that has been deprived of the basic rights and privileges to begin with. They are taken from being in a position of misery to further suffering in the form of rape, abuse, torture and battering (Carrington and Hearn, 2003)."

Tags:prostitution trafficking, sex trade, effects society impact

Abstract
This paper analyzes various themes in "The Rape of the Lock", a poem by Alexander Pope, concentrating particularly on the theme of the "mock-epic". The paper shows the importance of the verse form and uses Pope's contemporary, John Milton, as a basis for contrast and comparison for the way in which Pope considered society.

From the Paper
"Pope's use of the mock-epic genre is intricate and exhaustive. The Rape of the Lock is a poem in which every element of the contemporary scene conjures up some image from epic tradition or the classical worldview, and the pieces are wrought together with a cleverness and expertise that makes the poem surprising and delightful. Pope's transformations are numerous, striking, and loaded with moral implications. The great battles of epic become bouts of gambling and flirtatious tiffs. The great, if capricious, Greek and Roman gods are converted into a relatively undifferentiated army of basically ineffectual sprites. Cosmetics, clothing, and jeweler substitute for armor and weapons, and the rituals of religious sacrifice are transplanted to the dressing room and the altar of love."

Tags:ages, epic, middle, milton, mock, society

Abstract
The paper examine the theory propounded by Randy Thornhill and Craig Palmer that rape has evolved as a reproductive strategy, and is a natural, biological phenomenon. The writer of the paper examines in detail Thornhill and Palmer 's theory and their arguments supporting their case. He then examines the theory in the light of existing research and presents the reader with both assenting and opposing arguments as presented by researchers including Jerry Coyne and Leda Cosmides and John Tooby.

From the Paper
"The aspect of Coyne's argument that appeared the weakest was his due focus on child molestation and homosexual rape. For a man, the act of having sex with a child or with another man is, by definition, maladaptive sexual behavior, because it is impossible for such sex to result in the transmission of genes. Therefore, to use the fact that both children and males are highly represented among rape victims to disprove the concept that rape behavior is the result of evolution is irresponsible science. Consensual homosexual sex is maladaptive sexual behavior, and the gene for homosexuality, if there is one, is not represented in a significant portion of the population. However, the rape gene, if there is one, would have to be highly represented in society, since the percentage of men who have forced sexual contact on a partner is much higher than the percentage of men who have engaged in consensual homosexual contact. Therefore, it is clear that these genes are not the same genes; as a result, one could be homosexual and still carry a gene that combines violence with sexuality. However, one's homosexual orientation would naturally translate that impulse to homosexuals. The same argument could be made for child molestation. Coyne's failure to acknowledge that possibility is his greatest weakness."

Tags:rape, violence, women, children, evolution, biological, crime, police, damage, society, reproductive, victims, sex, gender

Abstract
This paper discusses how current law in Idaho is reflective of considerable change, especially with regard to rape statues. The paper specifically discusses common law and how it is based upon regional considerations and is largely determined by the development of precedence in the historical legal system. The paper looks at how this relates to rape statutes and how it is changing over time.

From the Paper
"Though Idaho is no longer considered a "common-law" state with regard to domestic situations, i.e. regarding the determination of marital status and on other issues it is legitimately still very demonstrative of common law history, a fact that can be attested to by the ability of a single do-gooder to choose to enforce a law that was previously ignored. Other issues, such as common property, among domestic partners, are a later adoption of a common law practice, in Idaho. For the most part it makes sense that legal situations in low population areas could and possibly still should be decided by legal prescience as well as the foundations of common law, in which lies the desire to create and enforce laws that are reflective of the common people and their beliefs and standards at any given time. Changes to the Idaho statute on Rape could include more specific sentencing regulations, a trend associated with a national movement for minimum mandatory sentencing, but many would argue against such action."

Tags:enforcement, domestic, society

Abstract
This paper briefly examines Pope's poem in terms of the 18th century society in which it was written. Within this one work, Pope touches on many topics of concern for the 18th century commoner: love, gender, and the generally superficial thinking of the time. One of the poem?s most important themes is the interplay and disconnection between gender roles and love.

From the Paper
""Rape of the Lock" first and foremost, is a poem about love. Belinda, the Baron, and Clarissa all seek the affection of another; however their strategies in which they go about receiving it are vastly different. Belinda toys with men to eventually win their affections. The Barron takes pieces of the women that he lusts after as trophies to keep them immortalized forever. Clarissa assists the man whom she loves in his conquest. Every classical epic poem contains some sort of battle or conquest. As a mock epic poem, "Rape of the Lock" dramatizes a mock battle between the Baron and Belinda, which takes place in Canto III lines 125 through 160."

Tags:love, society

Abstract
This paper explains that people who report the crime of rape to the authorities are attacked very often because of rape myths. The author points out that rape myths permeate society with their age old rhetoric and transform large scale false beliefs. The paper stresses that rape myths give perpetrators the ability to justify their actions and, at the same time, they discredit the real victims who wish to seek justice. The author underscores that there are numerous rape myths, but the most common ones, which the author examines in detail, are 'you can't rape the willing', 'men are at danger of being falsely accused of rape', 'some categories of forced sex are not really rape' and, the most famous one of all, 'no can mean yes'.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Impossible to Rape an Unwilling Woman
Women Secretly Want to be Raped
Women Cry Rape
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Metaphorically speaking, the penis was deemed a weapon and the vagina as a submissive holder for it. The saying implicates that by merely 'vibrating', this holder could fend off the attack. In the words of Michael Ryan, one of the most prominent jurists in the 1830s, it was 'almost impossible' to rape a resisting woman. Children who had claimed that they were raped had to do so very carefully, many at the time considered the rape of a child impossible! John Leeson, who was a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, was one of the professionals who had claimed this."

Tags:macho, statistics, rhetoric, discredit

Abstract
The paper shows that there are a number of different views of the meaning of rape, its causes and other issues of importance. Different theorists and analysts have offered their view of the meaning of this act, the reason why this type of violence seems necessary to some people, the effect of rape on the victim, and the view taken of these matters by society. The paper explains that criminologists take different views of the causes of rape based on different theories of behavior. It examines two such theories - The 'Social Learning Theory' as set forth by a number of theorists, among them Ronald Akers and 'Radical Feminist Theory', which combines a feminist perspective on society with ideas about what causes human behavior. In terms of rape, this means male behavior. The paper shows that in some ways, both theories address rape from a perspective involving learned behavior and would try to solve the problem by substituting a different learning structure. It explains that where Akers and the Radical Feminists differ is in their definitions of rape and so in terms of the behavior they are explaining.

From the Paper
"Akers (1998) states that his General Theory "is applicable to all types of criminal and deviant behavior, from minor violations of social norms to the most serious and organized criminal activities" (Akers, 1998, xx). He offers a chapter on rape and sexual aggression in which he calls such crimes "sexual access," and describes the crime in terms of non-consensual sexual intercourse. This brings him into conflict with some feminists on the subject, such as Rozee (1994), who states that "limiting definitions of rape to only non-consensual sexual intercourse ignores some of the most violent and obviously non-sex-related cases of rape that occur, such as penetration with objects" (Rozee, 1994, 500). It would also exclude male victims, victims who are underage, wives, and the non-forcible rape of an incapacitated victim, which Rozee would not exclude."

Tags:'Social, Learning, Theory, Radical, Feminist, Theory