Abstract
A paper which explains the beginning of radioactive dating - a process which can give scientists the age of rocks and other materials and help us to identify when Earth began. The paper explores the progression of this method and its uses today, as well as discusses different methods that are used, other than carbon-12, such as potassium or argon dating.

From the Paper
"Many view radioactivity as the end of the world in the event of a nuclear war. With its astonishing power, radioactivity could perhaps destroy and thus end the world. What many don t know about radioactivity is that is has the potential to tell scientists the age - or the beginning - of the Earth. Quite ironically, radioactivity could very well be responsible for both showing the beginning and the ending of Earth. A process called radiometric dating can give scientists the age of rocks and other materials and help us to identify when Earth began."

Tags:radiometric, rocks, Becquerel, uranium, isotope

Abstract
Radioactive dating is the process of determining the age of rocks and other specimens from the decay of their radioactive elements. By applying this information, geologists are able to decipher the 4.6-billion-year history of the earth. The paper introduces the history of this type of dating in chronological order. It discusses other issues related to radioactive dating such as Carbon-14 dating, fission track dating, Potassium Argon Dating, the Rubidium-Strontium method, lead-alpha age and debated ideas of radioactive dating.

From the Paper
"Cosmic rays from the sun strike nitrogen 14 atoms in the earth's atmosphere and cause nitrogen atoms to lose a proton making it a carbon isotope this then turns into radioactive carbon 14, which combines with oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide. All living things are in equilibrium with the atmosphere, and the radioactive carbon dioxide is absorbed from the air and used by green plants. Then the radioactive carbon dioxide gets passed on through the plants into the food chain and the carbon cycle. All living things contain a constant ratio of Carbon 14 to Carbon 12 of about 1 in a trillion. The amount of carbon 14 lost in a species is continually replenished as long as it still takes in food and oxygen. At death, the exchange of carbon 14 ceases and any that is left in the tissues of the organism begins to decay to Nitrogen 14, this is not replenished by any new C-14. The change in the Carbon 14 to Carbon 12 ratio is the basis for dating this dating technique. The half-life is so short (5730 years) that this method can only be used on materials less than 70,000 years old. A lot of archaeological dating uses this method. It is also very useful in attempting to date remnants of the ice ages (Pleistocene epoch.)"

Tags:Marie, Pierre, Curie, Clair, Patterson, U, 235, atom

Abstract
The paper introduces archaeology, and explains that the concept of dating is central to the science of archaeology. Two broad categories of dating, relative and absolute, are introduced, and four major specific types of dating are presented to the reader; stratigraphy, dendrochronology, obsidian hydration dating, and radiocarbon dating. Each of the four methods are discussed in great detail, each with a closing paragraph devoted to the underlying problems with that particular method. For example, the section on stratigraphy begins with a brief history of the method itself, and introduces such concepts as the law of superposition, temporal sequences of data within stratified deposits, context evaluation, and determining age through the relative position of superimposed artifacts. The negatives of stratigraphy are then discussed, and include deformation, overlapping and reverse stratigraphy, and the method is evaluated on the whole. This format is then applied to the other three types of dating discussed. Finally, a concluding paragraph states that although the four types of dating discussed are infinitely valuable to archaeologists all over the world, there are still problems associated with each that need to be accounted for when using them to address the age of fossilized remains and other artifacts.

From the Paper
"Archaeology is the study of past human cultures, and archaeologists must uncover and interpret material remains in order to reconstruct past ways of life. To understand the purposes of these remains, Archaeologists have the task of constructing a chronology of prehistory, using various dating methods. "Without knowing the age of materials, little can be said about the activity that made them part of the site (David L. Webster, Susan Toby Evans & William T. Sanders, 1993: 128)." Dating is defined as the placement in time of events relative to one another or to any established scale of temporal measurement (Jeffrey S. Dean, 1981: 375). Dating methods used by Archaeologist incorporate the scientific method and have the advantages of objectification, application to isolated cultural sequences, and an expanded span of human prehistory for which an absolute chronology can be built (Keith Brannigan, 1974: 100-101). Scientific methods of dating are invaluable for the prehistoric periods and have revolutionized the archaeologists' ideas about the absolute chronology of the prehistoric culture sequence (Brannigan, 1974: 101), yet each of these scientific methods has many difficulties. Dating techniques fall into two categories relative and absolute and include the following: seriation, ceramic dating, potassium argon dating, thermoluminescence dating, archaeomagnetic dating, fission track dating, stratigraphy, dendrochronology, obsidian hydration dating, and radiocarbon dating. This paper will discuss the latter four methods, with an emphasis on the shortcomings of each."

Tags:absolute, age, archaeology, artifacts, chronology, cultures, dating, endrochronology, fossils, history, human, hydration, measurement, obsidian, past, prehistoric, radiocarbon, relative, remains, stratigraphy, temporal, time

Abstract
This paper examines aggressive sexual behavior as it occurs in dating situations among young adults. The author presents salient statistics showing how widespread this problem is. The paper further describes the combinations of interactions in which dating violence may happen. The paper discusses dating violence toward boys, as well as girls.

Outline:
Dating Violence and Its Prevalence
Dating and Dating Violence, Sexual in Nature
Men Upset more by Sexual infidelity; Women, by Emotional Infidelity
Young Women at a Greater Risk of Victimization
A Most Fatal Consequence: STDs
But Boys Get Victimized, Too

From the Paper
" There is a difference in the motivation for aggression between the genders. Evolutionary psychology has argued that men are more upset by their partner's sexual infidelity than women are but that women are more upset by their partner's emotional infidelity than are men (Forbes 2005). It identified jealousy as the proximal cause of relationship violence. It would, then, expect men to engage in more frequent and severe relationship violence in response to sexual infidelity than to emotional infidelity. In contract, women would resort to more frequent and severe relationship violence on account of emotional infidelity (Forbes et al)."

Tags:dating, date, rape, sexual, aggression, violence, against, women

Abstract
This paper offers a definition of dating violence and provides examples of incidents of dating violence. The paper also examines evidence concerning the extent of dating violence and looks at suggested ways of coping how to deal with it. Additionally, the paper discusses the underlying motivation of dating violence.

Tags:dating, violence, date, rape, abuse, relationships

Abstract
The paper discusses how nonverbal communication is used, whether consciously or otherwise, by dating couples within their developing relationship and such communication can include touching, facial expressions, and eye contact. The paper shows how escalating a dating relationship to a sexual one not only involves verbal cues, but successful nonverbal communication as well. However, the paper argues that the nature of a relationship must be assessed as well, and can be determined via nonverbal communication cues. The paper then discusses how over sixty heterosexual couples in 1998 completed questionnaires and were videotaped discussing the positive aspects of their dating relationship and it was observed that those who were secure in their relationship were associated with nonverbal closeness, such as "laughing, touching, gazing and smiling during the interaction" (Anders 121). "

From the Paper
"Nonverbal communication is used, whether consciously or otherwise, by dating couples within their developing relationship. Such communication can include touching, facial expressions, and eye contact. Escalating a dating relationship to a sexual one not only involves verbal cues, but successful nonverbal communication as well. However, the nature of a..."

Tags:dating, nonverbal, communication

Abstract
This paper investigates online dating web sites, taking a cursory look at eHarmony.com and PerfectMatch.com before doing a comprehensive analysis of OkCupid.com.

From the Paper
"Online dating possesses a number of connotations for the average person-most of them negative. The adjectives that come to mind first include desperate, futile, embarrassing and dangerous. Anyone who has ever tried any type of dating service, either on or offline, can usually offer at least one horror story to tell about a bad date, scary experience or just being plagued with an obsessive fan that it was impossible to get rid of. People need to remain extremely wary of dating services, but in fact..."

Tags:dating, online, eHarmony.com, PerfectMatch.com, OkCupid.com

Abstract
This paper examines the OkCupid.com free online dating web site and recommends the service, including some reviews by other users. The paper cites the tests and fun as two of the reasons the site is superior to others.

From the Paper
"Online dating has a number of connotations for the average person-most of them negative. The adjectives that come to mind first include desperate, futile, embarrassing and dangerous. Anyone who has ever tried any type of dating service either on or offline usually has at least one horror story to tell about a bad date, scary experience or just being plagued with an obsessive fan that they are unable to get rid of. Dating services are still something that people should be extremely wary of..."

Tags:online dating, questions, safety, match, tests, fun, OkCupid.com

Abstract
This is an anthropological paper rooted in discussions with university students of different East Asian origins, mainly in Toronto. The paper refers to literature that tends to criticize cultural conflicts and those of generations, whereas students appreciate some aspects of their families of origin and note how Toronto offers many choices due to large, well-established East Asian communities. The writer points out that students were more inclined to joke about tradition and parents' ideas, than to complain about them. The writer also discusses dating, a 20th century phenomenon in East Cultures, that takes on forms of its own and can be superior to other social life for students.

From the Paper
"For a Canadian post-secondary student of East Asian origin this paper was interesting to research. It is clear that young people of East Asian heritage gain other views of proper social life than in the day of their parents or grandparents. The 20th century saw the creation of a new courtship in East Asian countries and cultures as explained in Kendall's study of Korean cultural change. If one sees a broader world of Chinese-influenced cultures that are very old, it is predictable that some ideas linger and students who contributed to this paper did not see them as binding or `bad'."

Tags:eastasians, dating, toronto

Abstract
This paper discusses online dating websites and addresses the frequently asked question of "Do these websites have a negative impact on their users?" Some research studies have shown that such websites cause individuals to withdraw from their lives off-line and isolate them from family and friends. Other research argues that online communities simply expand the social arena available to individuals. This paper examines the research on both sides of the argument.

From the Paper
"The reach and interactivity of the Internet has allowed websites that bring people together to flourish. Online dating and match-making services have become highly lucrative businesses. But have these online dating communities come at the cost of true, old-fashioned human interaction? Does the Internet isolate individuals from their "real-life" communities, or does it simply expand our ideas about what a community really is?"

Tags:anxiety, community, dating, deception, depression, dishonesty, interaction, internet, intimacy, isolation, psychology, social, support