Abstract
The paper deals with small cell lung cancer and the problem with regard to radiation and memory loss. The paper states that this form of cancer is prone to brain metastases. The paper confirms that prophylactic cranial irradiation is a controversial method of radiation that has shown to have positive outcomes in small cell lung cancer patients. However, little is known about the effects of radiation on the brain and especially on long-term cognitive and memory loss. The paper, in referring to various studies, concludes that the research is compounded by the large number of variables that need to be taken into account in ascertaining the effects of the process of radiation.

Outline:
Introduction
Prolegomena: Overview and Background
The Brain, Memory and Radiation Treatment
Summation and Conclusion

From the Paper
" Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer that affects both men and women in the United States and the world. As figure 1 above illustrates, the number of deaths from lung cancer in the United States far exceeds other common forms of cancer. There are numerous statistics that indicate the increased risks of lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Figure 2 below illustrates a projection of morality rates in various countries over a ten your period of time. This again clearly indicates the importance of research into lung cancer and particularly the more severe form of small cell lung cancer."

Tags:cancer, therapy, tumor, radiation, memory

Abstract
This paper examines methods of treating cancer using gene therapy techniques. The writer describes cancer and the methods of cancer treatment most commonly used, and explains that gene therapy is so new, and evidence of its effectiveness so scarce, that it is not a common treatment. However, researchers are enthusiastic about its possibilities. The writer discusses the P53 gene, which has been identified as an important tumor suppressor gene on which to focus gene therapy, and the current challenge presented by the necessity of delivering genes to an exact location in the patient's DNA. The ethical issues arising from the use of gene therapy are also discussed.

Outline:
Introduction
Background
Cancer and gene therapy
Recommendations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There are also bioethical issues that are associated with gene therapy, which this current investigation must also consider. In terms of science and medical technology, there are good sides and bad sides to progress, and the overall theme in most of the exhaustively recovered secondary texts examined by the current report, if there is one, is that science can only really be good for society when it is practiced responsibly and with a foundation of bioethics. People still try to guess about the future of science, technology and society and how they will interact, just as authors have guessed about this fascinating subject for many years in the past. But realistically, the cure for cancer may not yet be found."

Tags:surgery radiation chemotherapy experimental controversy eugenics support, genetic screening, virus

Abstract
The writer asserts that healing is an art of the highest order that goes beyond merely helping and caring for people. The writer contends that it means devoting your whole life to strangers that put a unique type of trust in you, the cost of which may be a life, or quality of life. The writer also posits that it means forging an alliance with persons on personal levels other people may be uncomfortable with. It is this writer's fervent hope that what he experiences and learns here may serve both as milestones and a foundation for his chosen field of interest.

From the Paper
"Among the personal attributes and skills I firmly believe are qualities that best describe me are optimistic, empathic, perseverant, driven, studious, and most of all professional. The first example that demonstrates my personal attributes and skills is my experience working as a nursing practice student at Extendicare Falconbridge. Some of the tasks entrusted to me included patient care activities such as bathing and providing perioral and skin care to elderly resident. I found the need for communication skills an essential part of my tasks because one had to be a good interpreter of non-verbal as well as..."

Tags:radiation, therapy, admission

Abstract
This report focuses on how exercise relates to cancer in different settings and stages, in terms of preventive, treatment, and post-treatment options. While the report does not recommend that exercise therapy be used to replace accepted means of cancer treatment, it does recommend that exercise therapy be used to augment that treatment.

From the Paper
"Another issue that is associated with cancer patients and exercise is assessing patient strength to undergo cancer therapy by doing tests based on physical fitness and exercise level. This is shown in screening measures in many different tests, including cardiovascular and pulmonary tests that are designed to get the patient's exercise level before more extensive cancer treatment is sought. "Although the relationship between the patient's performance status and pulmonary function is well documented, a stronger correlation has been found between dyspnoea and the results of exercise tests. (4) This indicates that exercise capacity is not dependent on pulmonary function alone. There are several other factors: cardiac function, hemodynamic performance, and peripheral tissue oxygen utilization" (Win et al., 2005). Therefore exercise levels are very important to testing and assessment as well, in terms of exercise in reference to different kinds of cancers and treatments."

Tags:breast, lung, radiation, rehabilitation, psychological, physiological, assessed, screening, measure

Abstract
This paper begins with a general overview of chemistry to familiarize the reader and describes how chelating ligands form complexes with metal ions. The chelating groups discussed are: Ionophores, British Anti-Lewisite, Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (Cisplatin?), and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The paper states that Chelation therapy will most likely perfect the removal of tumors without the need for radiation.

From the Paper
"Within the periodic table is found the basic building blocks of life. From the organic atoms like carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) to the in-organics such as sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and even gold (Au), it has been proven that both are vital to the survival of live. In the mid to late 1800's, two men by the names of Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer began their work on the reoccurrence of certain characteristics of the known elements of the time (ref 1). It was not until some 15 years later that the periodic table, found in most every chemistry book published today, was accumulated into it's easy to read format by Thomsen and Bohr (ref 1). Since then, many more steps have been made in classifying elements, such as metals, non-metals, and metalloids."

Tags:acid, anti, bal, british, chelate, chelating, chemistry, cis, cisplatin, dichlorodiammine, edta, inorganic, ionophores, kelate, lewisite, platinum

Abstract
This paper explains that Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning is an advanced imaging technique that can differentiate between malignant lesions and benign lesions in almost every process in cancer diagnosis, staging and treatment because PET is more sensitive than CT scanning or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques. The author explains that for PET scanning, the patient is injected with positron emitting radionuclides and placed in a tube and surrounded by a ring of detectors; when one of these high-energy photon rays is detected, the source location can be determined and mapped by a specialized software package. The paper relates that, after radiation and surgery there is considerable damage to surrounding tissue; therefore, it is often difficult to distinguish living cancer cells from morphological changes caused by surgery or tissue death caused by radiation; however, because dead tissue and cancer cells have different glucose metabolism rates, they are easy to distinguish by PET imaging.

Table of Contents
Improving Outcomes for Radiation Therapy
How PET Scanning Works
Radiation Therapy
Using PET to Analyze the Effectiveness of Radiation Treatments

From the Paper
"Because PET scanning is based on glucose levels, it is important that these be controlled prior to the scan. Patients are usually told to fast for 4-6 hours prior to the test. However, they can drink water and take any medications that they are on. The goal is to get the base glucose level lower than 160 mg/dL before administering the FDG or other isotope. Patients with diabetes should continue their routine of eating small meals and taking their insulin. Then these small inconveniences, PET imaging is non-invasive and causes little discomfort to the patient."

Tags:differentiate, diagnosis, treatment, injected, glucose-metabolism

Abstract
This paper examines the use of exercise as prevention and as treatment augmentation to accepted treatments for different types and stages of cancer. The author points out that overwhelming fatigue is common to all types of cancer; however, cancer patients benefit from an appropriate exercise program, which provides positive reinforcement not only to increase strength but also to fight depression. The paper relates that physical fitness and exercise level assessment can be used to evaluate if a patient has the strength to undergo cancer therapy.

From the Paper
"As individuals age biologically in primary aging patterns, there is a marked decrease in muscular and cardiovascular fitness and they may be at more risk for cancer. These individuals may be more at risk for a serious health risk after falling, or of falling, as they are not as well-balanced and fit as they once were. A regular program of exercise
can change this pattern. Specifically, cancer patients may wish to engage in weight-bearing activities to increase their bone strength so that if they fall, they will be less likely to have a fracture. Tai chi is one form of low-impact exercise that promotes cardiovascular health and balance; cancer patients may also exercise and increase bone
strength by walking, and thus improve their physical selves."

Tags:assessment, aerobic, fatigue, augmentation, depression

Abstract
This paper explores the current state of the art treatment practices for patients that have been diagnosed with stage III or greater non-small cell lung cancer. The paper examines the three most prominent treatment options for patients with this condition as single treatments, and in combination with other therapies. The key objective of this research proposal is to understand these different treatment modalities and to highlight the one that has the greatest effect on increasing the lifespan of the patient. The paper outlines the methodology that will be used in the study.

Outline:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Methodology

From the Paper
"Approximately $9.6 billion is spent in the United States each year on the treatment of lung cancer. Almost 60% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer die within one year of their diagnosis and nearly 75% die within 2 years (American Lung Association, 2009). The prognosis for lung cancer remains dismal, with a 5-year survival rate of only 14%. The healthcare dollars spent on treating lung cancer is a problem for everyone, supporting the need for this study.
"Even with improvements in technology and treatments and the prognosis is still poor for mime cancer patients. Lung cancer accounts for nearly 29% of all cancer deaths (American Lung Association, 2009). Lung cancer is tragic for the person who is diagnosed. However, the money and resources needed to treat them places a strain on already stressed medical system. The burthen on the economy is enormous, making lung cancer a priority for society.
"One cancer comes in two forms. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for nearly 10% to 15% of all lung cancers. In SCLC the cancer consists of small cells, which tend to spread quickly and widely throughout the body. Once the cancer has spread beyond the lungs, surgery is typically not an option because one cannot pinpoint all of this cancer sites. Treatment for SCLC includes drugs to kill the widespread disease. However, it might be noted this type of cancer is very difficult to stop. SCLC is usually caused by smoking, and is rarely seen in nonsmokers (American Lung Association, 2009)."

Tags:metastasis, carcinoma, prognosis, surgery, comorbidity

Abstract
The paper examines a review that was conducted of 77 patients being treated for cancer via radiation therapy. The paper relates that radiation therapy took place in a community hospital radiation oncology department and the study focused on determining those factors that might affect the patients' ability to perform activities of daily living while in treatment, including "performance of usual activities, Kamofsky Performance Status, fatigue, and side effects" (Poirier 2007). The paper explains that the "role function mode of the Roy Adaptation Model" (Poirier, 2007) was used as was the Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS), which was used to measure fatigue related to radiation therapy.

From the Paper
"A review was conducted of 77 patients being treated for cancer via radiation therapy. Radiation therapy took place in a community hospital radiation oncology department and the study focused on determining those factors that might affect the patients' ability to perform activities of daily living while in treatment, including "performance of usual activities, Kamofsky Performance Status, fatigue, and side effects" (Poirier 2007). The "role function mode of the Roy Adaptation Model" (Poirier 2007) was used as was the Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS), which was used to measure fatigue related to radiation therapy."

Tags:cancer, radiation, fatigue

Abstract
This essay examines possible career choices in the medical field, specifically recreational therapy, speech-language pathology, and radiation therapy, the career choice of the author. In particular, the writer discusses the job duties that each profession entails, the educational requirements of each profession, the general advantages and disadvantages of those careers and the salary ranges of those occupations.

From the Paper
"Since I plan on applying to OUHSC, I have researched their educational requirements a great deal and have found them to be in line with other institutions requirements. Therefore, I will base my educational information off of the University of Oklahoma Health and Science Center's requirements. "OUHSC requires that you complete or be in the process of completing the minimum of 64 prerequisite hours, prior to admittance into the programs. They also want you to be in good standing with the college or university that you last attended or are currently attending. OUHSC entails you to have a minimum GPA of 2.5 on all college work you have attempted. There are also tests that you need to take if English is not your first language." (College of Allied Health. Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences Radiation Therapy BSMIRS.)"

Tags:medical, career, opportunities, therapy, radiation, speech, pathology, recreation, science