Abstract
The paper deals with small cell lung cancer and the problem with regard to radiation and memory loss. The paper states that this form of cancer is prone to brain metastases. The paper confirms that prophylactic cranial irradiation is a controversial method of radiation that has shown to have positive outcomes in small cell lung cancer patients. However, little is known about the effects of radiation on the brain and especially on long-term cognitive and memory loss. The paper, in referring to various studies, concludes that the research is compounded by the large number of variables that need to be taken into account in ascertaining the effects of the process of radiation.

Outline:
Introduction
Prolegomena: Overview and Background
The Brain, Memory and Radiation Treatment
Summation and Conclusion

From the Paper
" Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer that affects both men and women in the United States and the world. As figure 1 above illustrates, the number of deaths from lung cancer in the United States far exceeds other common forms of cancer. There are numerous statistics that indicate the increased risks of lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Figure 2 below illustrates a projection of morality rates in various countries over a ten your period of time. This again clearly indicates the importance of research into lung cancer and particularly the more severe form of small cell lung cancer."

Tags:cancer, therapy, tumor, radiation, memory

Abstract
This paper discusses the different effects of radiation on different organ systems as well as the acute and chronic effects of radiation exposure on the human body.

From the Paper
"The different units used in measuring radiation are varied according to what is to be measured. This can range from the degree of exposure (Roentgen, or R) or dose. The latter can be measured by ergs deposited per unit mass of tissue (Rad, or 100 ergs per gram of tissue) and its derivatives. The SI equivalent of the Rad is the Gray (Gy), expressed as J/kg, equivalent to 100 rad. However, dose equivalence, expressed in Rem or Sievert (Sv) units is utilized due to the different effects of different types of radiation on biologic matter. These dose equivalents are derived by multiplying dose (Gy) by the radiation weighting factor..."

Tags:radiation, exposure, effects

Abstract
The paper discusses how radiation causes a number of changes in the body, depending on the degree and duration of exposure, and while many of the effects are immediate, others may only appear after a period of time and may affect the individual for many years to come. The paper reveals that cancer rates may increase some years after exposure and skeletal damage can be one of the results of exposure to radiation and may not appear for years. The paper then mentions that whether this would also mean genetic change that could be transmitted to subsequent generations is another issue requiring investigation.

From the Paper
"Radiation causes a number of changes in the body, including genetic changes. Exposure to radiation can have a number of health effects, depending on the degree and duration of exposure, and while many of the effects are immediate, others may only appear after a period of time and may affect the individual for many years to come. Cancer rates may increase some years after exposure. Skeletal damage can be one of the results of exposure to radiation and may not appear for years. Whether this would also mean genetic change that could be transmitted to subsequent generations is another issue requiring investigation."

Tags:hiroschima, radiation, statistics

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the medical use of radiation or radiotherapy used most often in cancer patients. The writer identifies different types of radiation and looks at how they are used, their side effects and patient education.

From the Paper
"Radiation or radiotherapy is a form of cancer treatment that is administered to at least of all cancer patients at some point in the course of their illness. Radiation is used primarily to treat localized solid tumors such as cancers of the skin brain breast or cervix but can also be applied in cases of leukemia and lymphoma according to Tobias Cancer Radiation Therapy. Radiation therapy is the treatment of cancer with ionizing radiation which works by damaging the DNA ..."

Tags:radiation, radiotherapy, patient education, cancer

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the danger of the radiation emitted from a cell phone in use. According to the paper, some of the potential health hazards that may evolve from cell phone use include noise in the ear, memory loss, headaches, malignant brain tumors and DNA damage.

Outline:

I.The Silent Enemy
Cover-up?
Radiation
II.Concerns for All Ages
In Light on Concerns
III. The Big Question
The Privilege to Listen

From the Paper
"Even though cell phones and fortune cookies may not initially appear to have a common thread, the concept that connects them is that those who market cell phones, in a similar sense, do not usually consider what happens to those who purchase and use cell phones. In the study completed by Salford et al funded by a grant from the Swedish Council for Work Life Research. Completed during 2002, the authors examine potential risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields for the human body. Their previous studies posit ". . . weak pulsed microwaves give rise to a significant leakage of albumin through the blood-brain barrier."

Tags:radiation, transmitter, aerial, antenna, neuronal, damage, EMF, waves

Abstract
This paper explains that it is next to impossible to avoid sources of natural radiation in our everyday life, but precautions can be taken to maintain distance from local sources of radiation and to use distance, time, and radiation-shielding as protection. The author points out that radiation is not responsible for the assumed mechanism of carcinogenesis caused by the exposure to magnetic fields. The paper relates that the nuclear industry and many other sources of radioactivity are used in an enormous range of industrial processes, such as industrial radiography, thickness gauges, smoke alarms, and medical diagnosis and treatment.

Table of Contents
Types and Sources of Ionising Radiation
The Effect of Radiation on the Body
Detecting Radiation
Regulating Body Standards and the Workplace
Ionizing Radiation
Contamination
Stochastic Effects
Deterministic Effects
Monitoring Radiation Exposure
Radiation Accidents
Types of Radiation Accident
The Food Industry Uses Radiation

From the Paper
"Ionising radiation does not accumulate in our body, but science proves that the radiation effects are evident from exposure to large amounts of radiation, as in sunburns from too much exposure to strong sunlight. Radiation carries energy that has a damaging effect on the living cells of living things and can either kill them or change their structure and function to inhibit correct functioning but this would take large doses to kill a good number of cells to cause death. Radiation dose would have to be several thousand times bigger than the dose received annually from the environment to cause death. Death would occur if the person were exposed more over a year. For example, exposure to sunlight over a year gives one a suntan, but one-day exposure of sunbaking could cause death by sunstroke."

Tags:radon, microsieverts, ionising, radiography, nucelar

Abstract
The paper provides a review of the literature on the evolution of radiation protection in both dental radiography and fluoroscopy. The paper discusses the early days, when physicians had no knowledge of the effects of radiation on the human body and therefore took inadequate radiation protection measures. The paper then describes the injuries that both physicians and patients can incur as a result of overexposure to radioactive substances in healthcare settings and looks at what measures have been taken in an effort to prevent these injuries and ensure safe radiation protection. The paper clearly shows how higher levels of exposure to radiation can have life-threatening implications, and governmental regulatory agencies have taken radiation protection for healthcare workers very seriously. This paper contains photos and tables.

Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Indeed, radioactive materials have become commonplace throughout American society today, but many people may not realize the full extent to which these potentially dangerous substances are used. In this regard, Yard (1996) reports that, "Although radiation is often conceptually associated with war, nuclear weapons, or contamination of the environment, in actuality radioactive materials are used every day at construction sites and paper companies, and particularly in medical offices and hospitals" (p. 6). Although the epidemiological studies of patients exposed to radiation in various medical treatments were inconclusive by the 1970s, researchers had developed a more fine-tuned sense of the dangers involved in exposure to these sources of radiation (Walker, 2000). In fact, even more recent studies have remained inconclusive, particularly regarding the effects of lower levels of radiation exposure."

Tags:exposure, protection, X-rays, radioactive, materials, isotopes

Abstract
This paper explains that researchers are debating if even low doses of ionizing radiation used in medical and dental procedures may be linked to increased cancer risk. The paper examines this area of radiation protection and the effects improper shielding proposes for patients who receive ionizing radiation on a diagnostic level. The paper concludes that more research is justified regarding the shielding of radiation in diagnosing patients, particularly children; however, even without this conclusive evidence, the author recommends strongly that proper shielding should rank as a priority in diagnostic procedures.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Evidence Conditionally Confirms
Review of Literature
Ionizing Radiation
In the Best of the Worst Circumstances
Sampling of New York State Radiation Related Regulations
Conclusion
Evidence Conditionally Confirms

From the Paper
"The following Figure (1) depicts an example Lambert discussed regarding a 7-year-old boy, and related concerns regarding scattered radiation. Lambert stresses that the boy would not experience any harmful effects from scattered radiation to his testes or penis, nor would the exposure cause him to be sterile. The scattered radiation would not relate genetic effects on the boy's eventual offspring nor would it adversely affect his hormonal development, Lambert concludes."

Tags:neoplasms, cancer risk, scatter regulations, diagnostic reference levels

Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to answer the question: "Is radiation safe in the dental office?" It hypothesizes that despite predominate thinking by dentists, cumulative radiation over time, even exposure to dental radiation in small amounts, can lead to health problems and significant health and safety issues for the patient and for personnel working in the dental office. This is especially true of women during their child bearing years. It also investigates whether information or empirical studies exist that quantify the amount of radiation people are exposed to for dental procedures and whether this level is safe to the patient or the people that may be around or inside of the room where the radiation is occurring.

Outline:
Introduction
Analysis of Dental Practices
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The proposition or purpose of radiography in the dental office is to provide dentists with diagnostic information about the bones in the mouth or teeth, while keeping radiation levels as low as possible. Dentists claim that X-ray examinations are ordinary examinations performed in the office with the purpose of maintaining a patient's dental care. There is evidence however that cumulative X-ray exposure may prove detrimental, so why would dentists continue to use it? I propose the use or over use of X-rays is partly a result of the lack of information about the cumulative effects of dental radiation. Dentists are as ignorant as patients in many cases when it comes to the safety of radiological exams. Most are likely taught at the university level that X-rays should be done annually or as often as necessary to promote proper health and detect early damage to the teeth."

Tags:pregnancy, teeth, x-ray, exposure

Abstract
This paper discusses the many positive aspects of UV radiation. The author examines the way ultraviolet light is commonly used, defines UV light, its dangers and how it's used in fluorescent lighting. The paper also describes how UV radiation is frequently used in water purification plants, destroying harmful bacteria.

From the Paper
"UV radiation is what is responsible for causing human skin to tan. Unlike x rays, ultraviolet radiation has a low power of penetration, so its only direct effects on the human body occur on the skin's surface and include sunburn, suntan, aging, and carcinogenic changes. Most of us know that "sunburn" is not simply a metaphor but is in fact like burns from other forms of radiation and can include symptoms ranging from redness and tenderness to blisters, swelling, seepage of fluid, and sloughing of the outer skin. Tanning - while it is never healthy, as we know now, is simply a natural body defense that uses melanin to help protect the skin from further injury from UV radiation."

Tags:rays, ultraviolet, light, sun, water, tan, fluorescence, x-ray, wavelength, uses, regions, skin, melanin