Abstract
The paper begins by explaining basically what radar is and for what it's used. Then the paper recounts the history of radar's development, both theoretically and practically. From the history of radar the paper returns to the question of how it works, but analyzes the physics in depth, and breaks down the operation of each of a radar system's components. The paper finishes with a review of modern applications of different types of radar systems.

Table of Contents:
The History of Radar
Robert H. Rines - American Father of Radar
How Radar Works
The Radar Transmitter System
The Oscillator
The Modulator
The Transmitter
The Antenna
Types of Radar
Simple Pulse Radar
Continuous Wave Radar
Phased-Array Radar
Secondary Radar
Modern Radar
References

From the Paper
"Parallel developments occurred in a number of countries. The highest frequency at which then-current technology allowed substantial power to be generated was about 30MHz, the top end of the HF band. UK radar development proceeded rapidly from 1935 so that by 1937 the first operational (HF) radars of the Chain Home series were demonstrated. These frequencies were in place at the outbreak of World War II and played a decisive role in the air defence of Britain during the War. Wartime radar development quickly moved on to shorter wavelengths as devices were developed to allow generation and control of the power, but the Chain Home radars remained in service, as originally installed. The Chain Home radars, operating between 25 to 30MHz, on occasions indicated returns from extreme ranges, due to ionospheric reflection beyond the horizon. But they were intended as line-of-sight radars and long-range returns from the distant ground via an ionospheric reflection were generally only a source of confusion. During the War some attempts were made to use the ionospherically propagated signal for long range detections of convoys but no success was achieved (or could be expected) and tests were dropped."

Tags:waves, electronics, mesaurment, ranging, detection

Abstract
This report is designed to introduce the future officer to traffic radar. It explains to the future police officer the kind of radar units he/she may encounter on a job, how they work, public opinion of them and touches on the potential health hazards that radar units can present.

From the Paper
"Since its introduction to traffic law enforcement in 1948, radar has been an integral component of vehicular speed measurement. Each year hundreds of thousands of dollars are collected in courts throughout the nation from motorists whose speed was monitored with the aid of this electronic instrument. Today, radars overall efficiency and effectiveness have been greatly enhanced. In spite of its great improvements, radar is currently being scrutinized, questioned, and challenged, not only for its reliability but also for the quality of operator training. "

Tags:band, doppler, ka, ladar, laser, lidar

Abstract
This paper examines the life of Michael Jackson, who has established himself as one of the most successful musical artists of all time. It shows how, for many years, Michael Jackson fell under the media's main radar, even though some felt he continued to be a superstar who, at any time, could produce a new hit. In particular, it looks at how after ABC's 20/20 aired an interview produced by Martin Bashir in February of 2003, named "Living with Michael Jackson", Jackson quickly returned to the headlines. It examines how he became the brunt of comedians' jokes, how he raised concerns of childcare advocates, how he raised the interest of the IRS, and was seen by many as a poor father and maybe even a pedophile.

From the Paper
"Besides the rumors, other issues throughout the mid 90's began to raise that started to aid his fall from grace. For one thing, Jackson was getting older. But besides Jackson's age, it appeared that the singer was bleaching his skin and altering his facial features with excessive plastic surgery. Although he vehemently denied that he had multiple plastic surgeries in recent interviews, Jay Leno's monolog makes one wonder. The mid 90's brought about sudden fashion changes. The grunge wardrobe of the rock world for example made Jackson's wardrobe suddenly strange. The fact that Jackson needed protective masks and umbrellas on sunny days to shield him from the elements made additional rumors circulate that he was getting stranger as time wore on. But then, accusations and a hushed settlement concerning homosexual pedophilia made people start to question who the King of pop really was."

Tags:plastic, surgery, music, black

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the Dallas works and presents a case study. The writer discusses that this is a facility that is owned by AT&T. The writer describes the efforts made to change the facility from a marginal facility to a world class operation.

From the Paper
"The Dallas Works facility is disorganized and fundamentally in disarray. At this time AT&T does not have a plan or a process to correct even the most basic problems. The new senior manager has put together an ad hoc committee with a mandate to correct the problem. This committee has received limited guidance but virtually unlimited authority to make the necessary changes. AT&T's Dallas Works is a dysfunctional facility and is poorly organized. Stock outs in critical parts result in ... "

Tags:At and T, Dallas Works, Deregulation, reengineering, layoff, downsizing, TQM, total quality management, dysfunctional organization-

Abstract
This brief paper provides an analysis of how the life experiences and times of Charles Dickens heavily influenced his works.

From the Paper
"There is little denying that the life and struggles of Charles Dickens and the ideas of his society heavily influence his writing. From "Hard Times" and "David Copperfield" to 'A Tale of Two Cities" and "A Christmas Carol", these influences are plainly evident. Dickens' father's poverty, he was sent to debtor's prison and Dickens being forced as a child to work in a boot blacking factory clearly influenced his work. Children commonly worked long hours for little pay in deplorable conditions. As one literary critic notes; "Resentment...""

Tags:Bleak House, Little Dorrit, David Copperfield, Dombey and Sons, working class, poverty

Abstract
The paper relates that Robert J. Marzano is an educator and researcher for ASCD. The paper discusses his book "Reflection on What Works in Schools: Translating Research Into Action" that summarizes educational research over the past 35 years relative to what works in schools. The paper focuses on his first section of this work which summarizes and condenses five sets of factors which have been demonstrated to impact reform on a school-wide level.

From the Paper
"Author Robert J. Marzano writes from a basic premise that schools which "implement what is known about effective schooling" (p.1) can and do have a major impact on student achievement. He organizes 35 years of research into three groups of factors, which he defines as the school, teacher, and student levels. (p.10). Unit One reviews five school-level factors (in descending order) to reveal what research demonstrate as qualitatively impacting achievement without increasing costs (p.15). Marzano's list is a synthesis of a number of studies and involves his grouping of previously..."

Tags:curriculum, research, education

Abstract
The paper examines Ulrich Bonnell Phillips' "American Negro Slavery",
Stanley M. Elkins' "Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life", John W. Blassingame's "The Slave Community" and Nell Irvin Painter's "Soul Murder and Slavery". The paper critically analyzes these works and totally discredits Phillips' work while highlighting the strengths and weaknesses in Elkins' and Painter's works. The paper concludes that Blassingame's work seems to be the most interesting, well-researched and factual account of slave life.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of American slavery. Specifically it will contain a historiography on four works written by four different authors. Each of these works depicts a time and place in the history of American slavery, and each makes unique and valid points regarding this "peculiar" institution. Each of them uses strong research and writing to make their points, but their points differ greatly and indicate how different people can view the diverse aspects of slavery in far different ways. In the end, John W. Blassingame's work seems to be the most interesting, well-researched, and factual account of slave life, it creates a balanced view of the community of slaves and how important that community was to their overall survival."

Tags:plantations, sambo, myth, blacks

Abstract
This paper aims to study images of New York in the works of Henry James. It uses a non-fictional work ("The American Scene") and four fictional works ("The Jolly Corner", "Washington Square", "Crapy Cornelia" and "An International Episode") to argue that there are discernable patterns to James' images and that they appear to develop over the course of his literary career.

From the Paper
"It is interesting to note that the monster images are applied at a number of levels. First, they are applied at an overall level, where James asks overtly "Had New York, the miscellaneous monster, a heart at all"? Secondly, they are applied at the level of the greedy producer and consumer that James so despises as "monsters of the mere market". Lastly, they are applied at the level of the new immigrants into New York "in their monstrous, presumptuous interest, the aliens, in New York". What these various levels show is the far-reaching range of distrust that James harbored towards all of the various factors undergoing change in New York at that time."

Tags:american, cornelia, corner, crapy, episode, imagery, international, jolly, scene, square, travelogue, washington

Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper discusses several artistic works from the Renaissance to the Neoclassical period in terms of their socio-historical context, considering the major social, economic, religious and/or political developments that inform the period, including patronage. The artistic developments and merits of each work are examined and all of the relevant terminology is used in the correct manner.

Abstract
This paper describes the task of air traffic controllers, which is to ensure safety for commercial and private aircraft, and various issues they encounter in their work. First, the paper discusses how the air traffic control system is run by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and the ATCSCC (Air Traffic Control System Command Center) which is the at the head of all traffic control management. Then, the paper examines situations and conditions which can make the work stressful and difficult. Next, the paper considers staffing and management of air traffic controllers. Other issues that are explored include aircraft separation criteria and other safety measures. Finally, the paper addressed costs in air traffic control and the possibility of privatization. The paper concludes by discussing radar systems of communication and their importance.

From the Paper
"The air traffic control system is run by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration, which uses the airspace divisions to guide the system. The ATCSCC (Air Traffic Control System Command Center is the at the head of all traffic control management. Problems such as bad weather, traffic overloads, and faulty runways are also under the jurisdiction of the ATCSCC. There is one Air Rout Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) for each center. The function of this entity is to handle air traffic within each sector except for TRACON and local airspace. The Air Each airport has an Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT), which handles takeoff, landing, and ground traffic. The Flight Service Station (FSS) focuses its service and information on small airports and rural areas, where private pilots are in need of information such as the weather, route, terrain, and flight plan. The FSS also handles emergencies and search-and-rescue missions for aircraft that are missing or overdue."

Tags:Air Rout Traffic Control Center, Federal Aviation Administration, TRACON, ADS-B