Abstract This paper discusses the dynamics of systemic or institutional racism that maintain white privilege. The paper presents a critical view of US/UK bedrock of theory, when discussing Canadian phenomenon. The paper presents fieldwork which reveals that most homeless persons in a Toronto facility were 'white' and when speaking with a white mentally ill vagrant man, it was realized that his 'privilege' did not mean any institution was responsible for him.
From the Paper "'Whiteness', Institutional Racism, and 'White Privilege'. Course materials indicating institutional racism pertain most often to British or American examples, and employing a jargon of 'privilege' that is interesting to examine in relation to contemporary Canada. One is to assume that the situations of these quite strongly racist societies are pertinent to Canada, in which racism certainly exists, but in a condition not to be compared with what is encountered in the others. Should we be examining institutional racism and white privilege in Australia, for instance, or other communal distinctions in India, or in Israel? An interesting approach is taken in John Hartigan's discussion of the American case, in reference to 'rednecks', 'hillbillies' and 'white trash', as marked racial subjects. (2003: 95-111) "
Abstract This paper reviews workplace sickness situation in the UK and employee time lost to organizations. It looks at the causes of specific types of injuries and illnesses, and both implemented and proposed solutions to the problems.
Abstract This paper reviews Joe R. Feagin and Melvin P. Sikes' book "Living with Racism," in which the authors challenge the conventional view that racism is a thing of the past, gone with the days of slavery. To challenge this view, Feagin and Sikes collected personal accounts from over 200 middle-class black Americans to reveal the racism that pervades many aspects of American daily life today. The authors pull together accounts revealing subtle and overt racism, and examine how this racism is expressed in discriminatory behavior. "Living with Racism" is an important reminder about how much work remains to be done regarding racial relations in the United States.
From the Paper "The authors pull together accounts revealing subtle and overt racism, and how this racism is expressed in discriminatory behavior. Despite the Civil Rights Movement and the resultant laws that mandate against discriminatory practices, Feagin and Sikes gather a multitude of accounts showing how African Americans continue to face discrimination at public places, such as hotels, restaurants and stores. The stories are carefully gathered to provide a narrative account that encompasses many aspects of American public life. Together, these stories show that racism and the resultant discriminatory behavior are alive and well."
Abstract The labor party is traditionally the socialist party in the UK. The changes in the political environment have meant that there have been changes made in policies and presentation of the polices. Many commentators see this 'New Labour' as moving away for socialism. This paper considers if the commentators may be seen as correct, or if socialism has evolved into a new form.
Abstract This paper examines a number of issues involving the poverty of children in the UK. First, the author examines statistics of poverty and its immediate consequences. Then the paper points out possible long-term consequences of children raised in poverty, such as health and education. Also considered are the causes of poverty. A study of the city of Derry and its children living in poverty is a focal point of the paper. The paper concludes citing the growing gap between those with viable incomes and those living in dire circumstances.
From the Paper "According to the Government, joblessness is the primary cause of poverty, thus helping people into the employment arena is central to its anti-poverty strategy (Tackling). Rather than targeting unemployment, the Government has targeted "joblessness,' with policies designed "not to create shops, but to influence who gets them and how well off people will be in work" (Tackling). The two key themes in the Government's active labor market policy are individualization of support to help people into work and the use of compulsion (Tackling). However, the Government has "introduced the toughest benefit penalties ever faced by unemployed people, and the extension of compulsion could distort an undermine the effectiveness of employment services" (Tackling). "
Abstract This paper begins with a critique on American society offered by W.E.B. DuBois in his 1903 work "The Souls of Black Folks". It reviews some of the different strategies that have been used in the United States since the end of the Civil War to bring Americans of different races together The author examines the reasons why those efforts have overall been so unsuccessful.
From the Paper "Race is one of the most bedeviling of social characteristics. The concept with the barest tips of its roots in biological and the rest of the plant firmly grafted to cultural and sociological ideals has been debated over and again with little if ..."
Tags: W.E.B. Du Bois, racism, Booker T. Washington
Abstract This work traces the origins of slavery and racism in the modern era, and analyzes the debate over which phenomenon gave rise to the other. The paper also explores the unique aspects of African-American enslavement in colonial U.S. and its connection with the modern state of race relations in America. The paper also proposes a unique hypothesis that connects the rise of slavery in Europe and America to Europe's underlying fear of the rising cultures of the East. The essay also contains critiques and descriptions of the scholarship of Dr. Eric Williams, Winthrop Jordan, and others.
From the Paper "This essay concerns the work of West Indian historian and former Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago Dr. Eric Williams, who proffered the rationale in Capitalism and Slavery, that the philosophical origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade in the Americas was based upon economics, not racism. My purpose of addressing Dr. Williams theory is not to argue that slavery was, above all else, a major economic enterprise. Rather, I am interested in examining the origins of African slavery in Europe in the modern era and the overall European mindset of the early 15th Century, including their attitudes and preconceptions regarding the African continent. While not disputing the hypothesis evident in the title of Dr. William's essay ?Economics, Not Racism, as the Root of Slavery,? I contend that economics alone was not the sole impetus behind the tragic phenomenon of African slavery, and that the occurrence of racism was simultaneous. Furthermore, I am seeking to examine Dr. William's theory in the context of the African-American experience amid early U.S. history. That is, I intend to describe the distinctive nature of slavery in the colonial U.S., being developed under the English's specious pretext of black inferiority. My overall supposition is that the genesis of racist attitudes coincided with the initial Portuguese contact with inhabitants of Old Guinea in 1441, becoming especially prevalent among the English through their early experiences with black Africans. Because these attitudes were formed prior to any English involvement in the trade of African slaves, this position stands at odds with Dr. William's theory that racism was invented for the purpose of justifying the continuation of slavery."
Abstract Systemic racism is found just as much in the nursing profession as in many other institutionalized workplaces. This form of racism produces serious conflict that can harm morale and efficiency because the problem can remain hidden. Systemic racism, or institutionalized racism, is racism that is built into the system. Systemic racism is the result of interlocking systems of social oppression such as classism, sexism and ableism in the health care system. This paper explains what system racism is and discusses the serious harm it can cause. In particular, the paper discusses systemic racism within the nursing profession and looks at how it is an especially problematic issue with regard to the delivery of health services.
From the Paper "Workplace diversity is a tremendous benefit, but it can cause serious problems not only for the staff but also for patients and the delivery of care (Aries, 2004). Systemic racism is found just as much in the nursing profession as in many other institutionalized workplaces. Minority and ethnic groups continue to be viewed as different. "Diversity has become a more pressing issue in the delivery of health services because added to long-standing racial disparities are problems associated with caring for new immigrant populations" (Aries, 2004, p. 173)."
Abstract The premise of the paper is that slavery was not caused perpetuated by racism. The paper examines the debates by historians and sociologists that slavery encourages racism, and racism establishes slavery.
The historical evolution of slavery is analyzed in order to establish that this idea of mutual supporting systems of racism and slavery is not correct.
From the Paper "For many years, historians and sociologists have debated the relationship between racism and slavery. Some contend that slavery caused and perpetuated racism, while others argue that racism caused and perpetuated slavery. Examining the historical evidence indicates that in colonial and pre-Civil War America, racism was both a cause and consequence of slavery. Ultimately, institutionalized slavery and institutionalized racism co-existed as mutually supporting systems, based upon prevailing social and cultural assumptions that blacks were an inferior race. In order to resolve this issue, it is necessary to examine and evaluate slavery's historical development, for doing so provides evidence that in many societies, slavery has not been caused or perpetuated by racism."
Abstract This paper presents a review of empirical literature on the topic of racism and violence. The literature addresses theories of racism and violence, including a discussion of ethnicity. The paper also explores ways to cope with exposure to racism and violence.
Abstract The writer discusses that although many Canadians are proud of living in the only country in the world that embraces multiculturalism as an official policy, the truth of the matter seems to be that many minorities still experience racist discrimination in various spheres of Canadian life. This literature review examines the literature on the subject of racism in Canadian education, to ascertain whether racism is in fact a problem in Canadian schools. A good place to start the literature review is to look at the broad picture of racism in Canada, and in particular at the theoretical concepts and discourses that have been used to examine this issue.
From the Paper "Beiser et al. researched the effects and levels of stressors facing refugee Southeast Asian children in their new Canadian schools. They point out that many other studies have concluded that one of the most intense stresses such children have to cope with is the stress of fitting into these schools."
Abstract The paper evaluates the relationship of social work to social justice and contends that social work has a record of exclusion of oppressed or marginalized groups. The paper highlights the destructive imperialistic influence in the field of social work and education. The paper shows how immigrants are unwilling to interact with social workers because the immigrant's history provokes an anger and fear of social workers that is indeed justified. The paper asserts that change must begin at the level of interaction as opposed to waiting for the controlling imperialistic mindset to change.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Imperialistic in Thought and Basis
Problems in Social Work Practice Explored
The Solution
From the Paper "In understanding the historical perspective of social work in the United States one must first gain an understanding of the basis of the formation of the United States in its' thought and rationale of order within a governmental system. In a speech on social work Ruth G. Dean from the Simmons School of Social Work stated that: "Social work, it seems, now content spending more time doing paperwork than working with people. We talk and write in the professional patois of pathology rather than with words that worry life and insight into dreams and aspirations and hope.""
Abstract This eight-page undergraduate paper identifies the central arguments in Calliste's chapter "Racism, Sexism and Resistance in Segmented Labour Markets", and offers a discussion and analysis of those arguments.
Abstract This paper examines how Achebe puts together a coherent, substance backed, logical argument revealing the racist aspects of Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness". The paper, however, explains that while Achebe attributes the racism in the story to the author, most of it should be attributed to the narrator, Marlowe.
From the Paper "Marlowe was a racist, but applying this label to Conrad is neither straightforward nor important. It can be inferred that Conrad probably did have preferences for Europe and Europeans because he was one-it was home, they were is people-and he lived in a time of strong racist settings. Yet, Heart of Darkness is a work of art, and as Oscar Wilde wrote, "Art has no influence upon action. . . . The books that the world calls immoral are books that show the world its own shame." (Wilde, 382). Achebe is ashamed of past expressions of racism in otherwise great works of literature: this is his individual perspective."
Abstract This paper discusses environmental racism and reveals the nature of environmental justice and its demands. It explores the effect of pollution on low-income populations from a positive and negative perspective. It examines the disproportionate number of waste sites placed in poor and blighted neighborhoods by corporations.
From the Paper "Environmental racism exists wherever low income or minority communities bear a disproportionate exposure to the pollutants put into the environment by major corporations. Hazardous waste sites are all too often placed in already blighted communities inhabited ..."
