Abstract Systemic racism is found just as much in the nursing profession as in many other institutionalized workplaces. This form of racism produces serious conflict that can harm morale and efficiency because the problem can remain hidden. Systemic racism, or institutionalized racism, is racism that is built into the system. Systemic racism is the result of interlocking systems of social oppression such as classism, sexism and ableism in the health care system. This paper explains what system racism is and discusses the serious harm it can cause. In particular, the paper discusses systemic racism within the nursing profession and looks at how it is an especially problematic issue with regard to the delivery of health services.
From the Paper "Workplace diversity is a tremendous benefit, but it can cause serious problems not only for the staff but also for patients and the delivery of care (Aries, 2004). Systemic racism is found just as much in the nursing profession as in many other institutionalized workplaces. Minority and ethnic groups continue to be viewed as different. "Diversity has become a more pressing issue in the delivery of health services because added to long-standing racial disparities are problems associated with caring for new immigrant populations" (Aries, 2004, p. 173)."
Abstract This paper reviews Joe R. Feagin and Melvin P. Sikes' book "Living with Racism," in which the authors challenge the conventional view that racism is a thing of the past, gone with the days of slavery. To challenge this view, Feagin and Sikes collected personal accounts from over 200 middle-class black Americans to reveal the racism that pervades many aspects of American daily life today. The authors pull together accounts revealing subtle and overt racism, and examine how this racism is expressed in discriminatory behavior. "Living with Racism" is an important reminder about how much work remains to be done regarding racial relations in the United States.
From the Paper "The authors pull together accounts revealing subtle and overt racism, and how this racism is expressed in discriminatory behavior. Despite the Civil Rights Movement and the resultant laws that mandate against discriminatory practices, Feagin and Sikes gather a multitude of accounts showing how African Americans continue to face discrimination at public places, such as hotels, restaurants and stores. The stories are carefully gathered to provide a narrative account that encompasses many aspects of American public life. Together, these stories show that racism and the resultant discriminatory behavior are alive and well."
Abstract The premise of the paper is that slavery was not caused perpetuated by racism. The paper examines the debates by historians and sociologists that slavery encourages racism, and racism establishes slavery.
The historical evolution of slavery is analyzed in order to establish that this idea of mutual supporting systems of racism and slavery is not correct.
From the Paper "For many years, historians and sociologists have debated the relationship between racism and slavery. Some contend that slavery caused and perpetuated racism, while others argue that racism caused and perpetuated slavery. Examining the historical evidence indicates that in colonial and pre-Civil War America, racism was both a cause and consequence of slavery. Ultimately, institutionalized slavery and institutionalized racism co-existed as mutually supporting systems, based upon prevailing social and cultural assumptions that blacks were an inferior race. In order to resolve this issue, it is necessary to examine and evaluate slavery's historical development, for doing so provides evidence that in many societies, slavery has not been caused or perpetuated by racism."
Abstract This paper presents a review of empirical literature on the topic of racism and violence. The literature addresses theories of racism and violence, including a discussion of ethnicity. The paper also explores ways to cope with exposure to racism and violence.
Abstract The writer discusses that although many Canadians are proud of living in the only country in the world that embraces multiculturalism as an official policy, the truth of the matter seems to be that many minorities still experience racist discrimination in various spheres of Canadian life. This literature review examines the literature on the subject of racism in Canadian education, to ascertain whether racism is in fact a problem in Canadian schools. A good place to start the literature review is to look at the broad picture of racism in Canada, and in particular at the theoretical concepts and discourses that have been used to examine this issue.
From the Paper "Beiser et al. researched the effects and levels of stressors facing refugee Southeast Asian children in their new Canadian schools. They point out that many other studies have concluded that one of the most intense stresses such children have to cope with is the stress of fitting into these schools."
Abstract This work traces the origins of slavery and racism in the modern era, and analyzes the debate over which phenomenon gave rise to the other. The paper also explores the unique aspects of African-American enslavement in colonial U.S. and its connection with the modern state of race relations in America. The paper also proposes a unique hypothesis that connects the rise of slavery in Europe and America to Europe's underlying fear of the rising cultures of the East. The essay also contains critiques and descriptions of the scholarship of Dr. Eric Williams, Winthrop Jordan, and others.
From the Paper "This essay concerns the work of West Indian historian and former Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago Dr. Eric Williams, who proffered the rationale in Capitalism and Slavery, that the philosophical origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade in the Americas was based upon economics, not racism. My purpose of addressing Dr. Williams theory is not to argue that slavery was, above all else, a major economic enterprise. Rather, I am interested in examining the origins of African slavery in Europe in the modern era and the overall European mindset of the early 15th Century, including their attitudes and preconceptions regarding the African continent. While not disputing the hypothesis evident in the title of Dr. William's essay ?Economics, Not Racism, as the Root of Slavery,? I contend that economics alone was not the sole impetus behind the tragic phenomenon of African slavery, and that the occurrence of racism was simultaneous. Furthermore, I am seeking to examine Dr. William's theory in the context of the African-American experience amid early U.S. history. That is, I intend to describe the distinctive nature of slavery in the colonial U.S., being developed under the English's specious pretext of black inferiority. My overall supposition is that the genesis of racist attitudes coincided with the initial Portuguese contact with inhabitants of Old Guinea in 1441, becoming especially prevalent among the English through their early experiences with black Africans. Because these attitudes were formed prior to any English involvement in the trade of African slaves, this position stands at odds with Dr. William's theory that racism was invented for the purpose of justifying the continuation of slavery."
Abstract This eight-page undergraduate paper identifies the central arguments in Calliste's chapter "Racism, Sexism and Resistance in Segmented Labour Markets", and offers a discussion and analysis of those arguments.
Abstract This paper examines how Achebe puts together a coherent, substance backed, logical argument revealing the racist aspects of Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness". The paper, however, explains that while Achebe attributes the racism in the story to the author, most of it should be attributed to the narrator, Marlowe.
From the Paper "Marlowe was a racist, but applying this label to Conrad is neither straightforward nor important. It can be inferred that Conrad probably did have preferences for Europe and Europeans because he was one-it was home, they were is people-and he lived in a time of strong racist settings. Yet, Heart of Darkness is a work of art, and as Oscar Wilde wrote, "Art has no influence upon action. . . . The books that the world calls immoral are books that show the world its own shame." (Wilde, 382). Achebe is ashamed of past expressions of racism in otherwise great works of literature: this is his individual perspective."
Abstract This paper discusses environmental racism and reveals the nature of environmental justice and its demands. It explores the effect of pollution on low-income populations from a positive and negative perspective. It examines the disproportionate number of waste sites placed in poor and blighted neighborhoods by corporations.
From the Paper "Environmental racism exists wherever low income or minority communities bear a disproportionate exposure to the pollutants put into the environment by major corporations. Hazardous waste sites are all too often placed in already blighted communities inhabited ..."
Abstract In this paper, the writer discusses that the racism that is part of the physical and symbolic characteristic of Orcs and goblins in 'The Lord of the Rings', most certainly portrays an enemy to the white race, which is based on the attitudes and colonial racial policy of Great Britain of the 19th and 20th centuries. The writer points out that by alluding the goodness of light and evilness of darkness, the white race is projected as superior to the people of the South.
From the Paper "The aim of this literary study is to evaluate the trilogy: 'The Lord of the Rings' by J.R.R. Tolkien in reflecting racism in various races within this text. By understanding the dark skin tones of the 'southern' Orcs and goblins, there is a racist tendency in Tolkien's writings that create dualism to the moral white heroes of the North in the tale. Also, the demonization of physical appearances will help to identify these racist qualities in Tolkien's writings, which suggest a British colonial link in the hatred of dark skinned peoples in his times."
Abstract This survey gathers both demographic data from the respondent and gathers data based on questions relating both specifically to the university and to a New Orleans oddity, the Mardi Gras Indian, none of whom are Native American. The paper explains that in studying the students' reaction to a certain passage regarding the Mardi Gras Indians and relating it to other Tulane policies, it may be possible to gain some insight on racism and stereotyping.
Abstract This paper addresses the issue that it is believed that there is no racism in the criminal justice system. This is a debate paper taking the opposing side of the issue. As evidence the paper offers research regarding the juvenile justice system, the drug arrests in the United States, the death penalty, and the rate of juvenile transfers to adult court.
From the Paper "The theory exists that the United States criminal justice system is one in which offenders can be tried with absolute impartiality in regard to race. Most Americans attest that the strength of our laws will protect each individual, and that racial discrimination in the courts and jails is a thing of the past. However, this concern within our criminal justice system does exist, and it begins when juveniles are tried in criminal courts as adults. Juveniles A current legislative battle exists with regard to juveniles who are tried and convicted as adults in the United States (Males & Macallair, 2005, p.1). This issue has gained in importance throughout the criminal justice system because while this legislation has a direct affect on minors, it also has created a surge of discriminatory practices within the courts, (Males & Macallair, 2005, p.1)."
Abstract This paper briefly reviews how human desire and sexuality can become the victims of racism. Particularly, the paper examines two articles which underscore how the sexual urges of white men vis-a-vis black women were valorized and legitimated even when that meant rape, at the same time as the sexuality of black men, especially as it pertained to white women, was de-legitimized.
From the Paper "Human Sexuality and Racism: A Discussion of Two Articles There is little doubt that human sexuality and desire can function as a form of racism. That being said, racist desire and racist assumptions about sexuality can still be combated by vigilant citizens. The following paper will review the work of Lewis R. Gordon and Siobhan Somerville with an eye towards examining how human sexuality functions as racism (on occasion) and also how people can fight against racism when it appears in such instances."
Abstract Two short tales are examined, "This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentleman" by Tadeusz Borowski, and "Indian Camp" by Ernest Hemingway and the paper offers a social comment on racism. The characters presented must undergo crucial events that define the social problems being implemented between racial divides. The paper looks at how the outcome of death and guilt are the common result of the shame that is constructed through racial domination that devalues life to the lowest common denominator.
From the Paper "The theme of racism is important within the events that impart a comment on society within the short novel: This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentleman by Tadeusz Borowski and the short story: "Indian Camp" by Earnest Hemingway. By analyzing how racism affects the main characters in these stories, one can understand how tragedy, guilt, and death often ensue due to the pain of racial alienation in these short stories. In Borowski's This Way to the Gas, Ladies and Gentleman the numerous events of guilt due to surviving the gas chamber at an Nazi death camp impart a stern racism to Jewish people."
Abstract This paper discusses the well known fact that racist discrimination still exists in society and business throughout the world. However, many Canadians like to think that Canada is different. They prefer to see their society as tolerant, and many would argue that Canada has overcome racism in their society and workplaces. The paper further points to out that in 1971, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau introduced an official policy of multiculturalism in Canada.
From the Paper "OUTLINE: I: INTRODUCTION 1. Canada claims to be a tolerant, multicultural society with low levels of racism in business. 2. Thesis: this is not true. In fact, despite the fact that we have an official policy of multiculturalism, there is still racism in Canada. 3. Historical overview of the racist origins of Canada. II: COUNTER ARGUMENT 4. Counter-argument: Canada is not very racist compared to other countries. 5. Rebuttal of that argument: it does not matter if other countries are more racist, that is beside the point. We still have to examine our own racism. III: MY ARGUMENT 6. Point #1: The wage gap still exists"
