Abstract Racialprofiling is a term used to define instances in which one ethnic group is subjected to police surveillance or detention more than any other group in society. The practice occurs when the race of the individual is more significant in causing police action than the suspicion of criminal acts. In instances in which racialprofiling has been evident, the cause is generally because assumptions about particular racial groups exist within the police organization. This paper looks at the issue of racialprofiling in the city of Toronto and how some organizations contend that racialprofiling is a serious issue, which must be addressed while other professionals and community members suggest that racialprofiling does not exist, and that the claims that have been made against the Toronto police are without merit.
Abstract With the unmistakable emergence of global terrorism in the last half decade the controversial topic of racialprofiling has become more and more unavoidable. With that in mind, this paper explores the topic by looking at what racialprofiling is and why it is such an important topic of discussion. Proceeding onward the paper looks at the major areas of research which cannot be passed over when examining this issue. For example, the paper looks at the fact that the Toronto Police Department regularly engages in racialprofiling when dealing with African-Canadians; armed with this disquieting fact, the paper pores over the literature that is available from 2000 onwards.
Abstract The paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of racialprofiling and how it is different from profiling.
From the Paper "In recent years, public debate over the question of whether or not law enforcement officials at all levels in the United States use the practice known as racial profiling in stopping and or identifying suspects has become emotionally charged. According to R. Richard Banks, the view that pervasive irrational racial profiling invariably accounts for the widespread investigation of people of color and ethnic minorities reflects a misreading of empirical studies of law enforcement officers' stop-search practices."
Abstract This paper explores the police use of racialprofiling. It explains how some policemen use this racialprofiling code to promote their own personal ethnic bias towards certain population groups. It argues that this method in fighting crime promotes institutional racism.
From the Paper "America is a beautiful place where people are supposed to live in peace and be treated equally. But, some people may disagree with because they are mistreated due their racial background. Racism has always been a problem everyone has to encounter at some point in his or her life. However, most people would not think that the police would contribute to the racism trouble that we have. Unfortunately, they encourage the negative issue by having a code called racial profiling. Racial profiling is where the police think certain minorities commit certain crimes. For instance, if most black men are drug dealers, then a black man will be accused of being one almost every time they come across a police officer. With that in mind, racial profiling is very wrong and should not exist in the police force. It also should not exist since it promotes discrimination against minorities. "
Abstract Racialprofiling is examined in this paper as an abuse of law enforcement primarily against blacks and Latinos. It discusses the concept of race, the use of profiling as a crime fighting technique and miscarriages of justice based on racial prejudice.
From the Paper "In discussing the merits of racial profiling as a crime-fighting technique we must first examine the concept of race itself. Physical anthropologists have determined that modern homo sapiens evolved from non-human ancestors in Africa some years ago based on DNA studies and the analysis of proteins and that racial differences developed as evolutionary adaptations to the different environments into which they moved. There is no question that there are a great deal of obvious physical differences among human beings ..."
Abstract This three page undergraduate paper examines how racialprofiling, the war on drugs, and urban poverty are related. The writer points out that an examination of the harsher realities of American society is necessary, for urban poverty often leads to drug abuse, which in itself has led to the war on drugs. The writer notes that this war is which is being conducted through racialprofiling and other controversial methods. The writer discusses that as drug use is higher in minority communities due to the higher poverty rates there, law enforcement agencies consider it logical to use race as an indication of illegal drug use or trafficking.
From the Paper "In order to determine how racial profiling, the war on drugs, and urban poverty are related, an examination of the harsher realities of American society is necessary, for urban poverty often leads to drug abuse, which has led to the war on drugs, which is being conducted through racial profiling and other controversial methods. Essentially, because drug use is higher in minority communities because of the higher poverty rates there, law enforcement agencies consider it logical to use race as an indication of illegal drug use or trafficking. According to Inciardi, current efforts to control drug abuse rely primarily upon law enforcement operations involving the seizure of drug supplies and the arrest and imprisonment of drug offenders."
Abstract This paper notes that the problem of racialprofiling has been documented in many American cities, and Sacramento has also been cited as a jurisdiction where the police often use racialprofiling in deciding how to combat crime and whom to confront. According to the paper, the problem is often seen in the decision to make a traffic stop for instance leading to the idea that it may be a crime to commit DWB, or driving while black.
From the Paper " Legal challenges have been brought to such practices, and some cases from Sacramento show the extent of this problem in that region and how it affects race relations. A challenge raised in 2000 cited the issue of racial profiling as "the illegal targeting of citizens by trace" and stated that this occurred "when officers use race rather then probable cause to stop or arrest suspects" ("'Racial Profiling' Targeted by Black Attorneys" para. 3)."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of racialprofiling of African Americans and Hispanics in the context of decreased crime in New York City as well as the effect of negative attitudes on policing in the city.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of racial profiling of African Americans ad Hispanics by police agencies in New York City. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which the issue has arisen in recent years and then to discuss the public perceptions of police performance in the matter as well as the impact of such perception on law enforcement in New York City. In the background of the issue of racial profiling of black and Hispanic persons..."
Tags:Racial, profiling, New, York, City, Diallo, Louima
Abstract This paper reviews the on-going debate over whether or not Toronto police department engages in racialprofiling. As the paper makes clear, there is no unambiguous and irrefutable proof that the nation largest police department is systematically oppressing African Canadians or anyone else. At the same time, however, the paper presents the view that there is evidence that the police service can be more sensitive to its non-white population.
From the Paper "Racial Profiling and the Toronto Police Department: Is it still "alive and kicking" in Canada's largest city? It has often been argued that Toronto's police force, for all of its estimable qualities, has too often engaged in racial profiling. The following paper will review what racial profiling is, whether or not Toronto's police department is actively engaged in it, and what the effects of racial profiling - or even the appearance of racial profiling - are upon relations between Toronto's police department and the city's sizable African-American community. As the following paper shall hopefully make clear, there is some evidence available to suggest that Toronto's police force engages in racial profiling - although whether this is done as maliciously or as indiscriminately as some would lead the public to believe is an entirely different matter. "
Abstract This paper questions the racialprofiling by the American government towards Arabs and Muslims. It argues whether this should be allowed during these times of uncertainty due to September 11th since they are at war with terrorism where the members of the Al Qaeda, a militant Arab group, are the only subjects.
I. Background and definition of racialprofiling A. Overview of September 11th
B. Korematsu vs. U.S. Supreme Court case
C. Current suspects caught due to racialprofiling D. Thesis statement
II. Disagreements about racialprofiling A. Innocent suspects
B. Racial discrimination
C. Other ways to catch the terrorists
III. Racialprofiling is helpful in the war against terrorism
A. Terrorists try to blend in with society
B. Every suspect has been Arab and Muslim
C. Faith in the U.S. Military
D. Military protection
IV. Racialprofiling and citizens
A. Racialprofiling should be left up to the government
B. The government is trained to deal with racialprofiling- ordinary citizens are not
C. Living our lives in fear lets terrorism win
From the Paper "Racial profiling is when someone is treated differently because they belong to a specific race. After the tragic events of September 11th of 2001 U.S., government and airport officials have targeted Arabs and Muslims as suspects of future terrorist action. Racial profiling has been going on for generations. During World War II the Japanese living in the U.S. were placed in military observation zones in California due to their Japanese ancestry after Pearl Harbor was bombed in December of 1941. The legal matter was argued in the Supreme Court in the case, Korematsu v. US. The young Korematsu's argument was based on the unfair ?imprisonment in a concentration camp solely because of his ancestry, without evidence or inquiry concerning his loyalty and good disposition towards the United States.? The United States case later goes on to claim: Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we were at war with the Japanese Empire, because the properly constituted military authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures. ?. Congress, reposing its confidence in this time owar in our military leaders?as inevitably must-- determined that they should have the power to do just this."
Explores constitutional issues in racialprofiling and discrimination in the wake of 9/11. Examples of profiling are derived from general minority experiences and specifically Arab/Muslim discrimination after 9/11.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, 2001, $ 68.95
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of racialprofiling. The writer addresses four scenarios and argues for or against their legal and moral foundation based on the 14th amendment of the United States Constitution. In addition to the writer's belief regarding each scenario, we are given key elements of the opposition's argument and the writer's rebuttal to that opposition.
From the paper:
"Following the attacks on America September 11, 2001, there were cries for revenge throughout the nation. Anyone who looked Muslim was endangered as Americans took their anger to the streets. Following the attack there were several instances in which pilots refused to fly planes until Muslim looking passengers were removed and angry residents threatened those who looked like one of "them". The initial rage died down and in its place we were given many new security measures that we have been told are for the good of national security. The measures boil down to legalized racialprofiling in some cases. Racialprofiling is not a new event. It has been around for many years. Racialprofiling goes against everything the constitution of this nation stands for; yet in light of the attacks in New York, Americans are less vocal about it then they have been in the past. Now, instead of denouncing all profiling as unconstitutional and wrong, we find ourselves looking at individual profile scenarios and holding them against the constitution to see if we can slide them through. We have entered a new world since the attacks. It is a world in which we are trying to walk a much thinner line between protecting the safety of those who live here and protecting the constitution."
Tags: racism, profiling, 9/11, constitution, Blacks, Arab, Muslim
Abstract This paper examines racialprofiling in the North American Criminal justice system. The paper presents a brief review of what racialprofiling is, a few of its manifestations, what benefits it offers, and what disadvantages it presents that outweigh those benefits. The paper concludes that racialprofiling remains far too clumsy and inaccurate a tool to be employed extensively.
From the Paper "Racial profiling is an exceedingly controversial subject. For many people, racial profiling by police organizations represents the last vestiges of institutionalized racism in our society. For others, however, racial profiling is a means of improving policing methods so that innocent men, women and children can be protected from criminal predators. This paper will examine what criminal profiling is, its various manifestations, what benefits it offers and what disadvantages it presents. This paper will also examine the subject from a "Cop Watch" perspective - that is to say, emphasizing the need for ordinary citizens to recognize and appreciate their rights. In the final analysis, racial profiling may offer superficial appeal, but its many shortcomings and complications make it ultimately untenable. "
Abstract This paper discusses the sensitive issue of racialprofiling and the sensitive balance that the law authorities need to keep while still trying to maintain a sense of domestic security. It looks at how this problem is especially affecting the American Muslim community in the U.S.
From the Paper "Racial profiling has become a long and winded debate in our society. Its history is extensive and varied; affecting different groups during different periods of time. However, regardless of the ethnic group targeted, racial profiling has the effect of heightening tensions between law enforcement agents and the community. A profile is "a coherent set of facts"; it often includes known conditions and behavior that may indicate a particular individual might be engaged in criminal activity. This profile is completely based on statistics and data that law enforcement officials obtain."
Abstract This paper considers whether racialprofiling in American airports against Arab Americans and others since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 has become excessive.
Tags: racism, profiling, airport security, U.S. customs, terrorism, muslims, Arab Americans
Abstract This paper introduces the topic of racialprofiling in airports. Specifically, it discusses how terrorist attacks in America call for increasing racialprofiling in airports, similar to Israel's El Al Airlines racialprofiling tactics. It looks at how racialprofiling is a highly controversial topic and how some countries have found racialprofiling helps keep people safer, while many political groups feel it is a clear violation of rights and should never be used. It evaluates how, although racialprofiling may be controversial, after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, it may be one of the only reliable ways available to keep the country safe from further attacks.
From the Paper "The ACLU feels that people "of color" are searched and detained more often in airports, and one African-American, Aquil Abdullah, agrees, as he is routinely stopped almost every time he travels by air. "He knows what the problem is. It's not hard to figure out ? once he introduces himself. His name is Aquil Abdullah. Aquil Abdullah thinks his name is on a list somewhere of suspect people" (Schlesinger). Abdullah is an American athlete, who is the first to win the prestigious Henley Regatta in Britain, and ironically, he is not even Muslim, he is a Catholic. His story is not unusual, and groups such as the ACLU cite his experience as one of the reasons racial profiling is a violation of rights. Abdullah is stopped simply because of his name."
