Abstract
Racial profiling is a term used to define instances in which one ethnic group is subjected to police surveillance or detention more than any other group in society. The practice occurs when the race of the individual is more significant in causing police action than the suspicion of criminal acts. In instances in which racial profiling has been evident, the cause is generally because assumptions about particular racial groups exist within the police organization. This paper looks at the issue of racial profiling in the city of Toronto and how some organizations contend that racial profiling is a serious issue, which must be addressed while other professionals and community members suggest that racial profiling does not exist, and that the claims that have been made against the Toronto police are without merit.

Tags:racial, profiling, toronto

Abstract
The paper explains that racial profiling presents an especially acute ethical dilemma for the administration of justice: how to effectively protect the citizenry while upholding a social contract in which, to recapitulate that famous principle of American justice, everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty. This paper discusses three recent works on racial profiling-one source each from the scholarly (journal), government (report), and public (newspaper) arenas-in order to reach provisional conclusions about what racial profiling is, whether it works, what kinds of ethical issues it raises in the judicial context, and whether it is a viable policy. The conclusion is that, filtered through situation ethics for exceptional situations (such as airport security) and safeguarded by existing legislation for normal situations (such as traffic stops), racial profiling can be applied in such a way as to maximize law enforcement utility while respecting general ethical principles.

From the Paper
"Racial profiling presents an especially acute ethical dilemma for the administration of justice: how to effectively protect the citizenry while upholding a social contract in which, to recapitulate that famous principle of American justice, everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty. This essay will discuss three recent works on racial profiling--one source each from the scholarly (journal), government (report), and public (newspaper) arenas--in order to reach provisional conclusions about what racial profiling is, whether it works, what kinds..."

Tags:racial, profiling, justice

Abstract
This paper looks at racial profiling and argues that it is wrong, unless it is used as part of a larger criminal profile aimed at capturing the perpetrators of a crime in which the offending parties all happen to be from the same ethnic or racial group. The paper further contends that racial profiling for most felonies is entirely unacceptable because all groups, to varying degrees, engage in them. The paper concludes by stating that using racial or ethnic features to identify individuals who have already committed a crime is really no different than using height or weight or dress as an identifying feature.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at racial profiling and argue that it is wrong - unless it is used as part of a larger criminal profile aimed at capturing the perpetrators of a crime in which the offending parties all happen to be from the same ethnic or racial group. In other words, racial profiling for most felonies is entirely unacceptable because all groups, to varying degrees, engage in them; however, at the present time only individuals from specific Middle Eastern backgrounds, satisfying a specific racial/ethnic profile, have flown planes into buildings on American soil. Beyond that, it should be borne in mind using racial or..."

Tags:racial, profiling, right

Abstract
This paper discusses racial profiling and how police has the right to decide who to stop during traffic stops. The paper explores whether a specific scene would have happened with a white male and argues that it is important to look at the definition of racial profiling, how the courts give police officers the discretion to stop African Americans and how the problem of racial profiling should be stopped.

From the Paper
"Racial profiling is a serious problem in the United States and Canada. Two specific examples are used in explaining racial profiling. Courts give the police discretion in who they stop during traffic stops, but statistics prove that more African Americans are stopped than whites. More African Americans are frisked and their automobiles are trashed while police look for drugs. The problem of racial profiling causes stress between citizens and the police. Imagine a young African American driving a Ford Explorer to an interview..."

Tags:racial, profiling, discretion

Abstract
With the unmistakable emergence of global terrorism in the last half decade the controversial topic of racial profiling has become more and more unavoidable. With that in mind, this paper explores the topic by looking at what racial profiling is and why it is such an important topic of discussion. Proceeding onward the paper looks at the major areas of research which cannot be passed over when examining this issue. For example, the paper looks at the fact that the Toronto Police Department regularly engages in racial profiling when dealing with African-Canadians; armed with this disquieting fact, the paper pores over the literature that is available from 2000 onwards.

Tags:racial, profiling, toronto

Abstract
The paper addresses issues of racial profiling, stereotyping and racial profiling and the question of whether racial profiling exists.

From the Paper
"The following presents a review of the literature on the topic of racial profiling. This discussion includes issues of racial profiling, stereotyping and racial profiling, and the question of whether racial profiling exists. This is followed by a summary and conclusions.
"Racial and ethnic profiling refers to the law enforcement relying on race, national origin, ethnicity or religion to decide who to target in a criminal investigation. Racial and ethnic profiling remains a problem and a focus of discussion despite the fact..."

Tags:racial, profiling

Abstract
The paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of racial profiling and how it is different from profiling.

From the Paper
"In recent years, public debate over the question of whether or not law enforcement officials at all levels in the United States use the practice known as racial profiling in stopping and or identifying suspects has become emotionally charged. According to R. Richard Banks, the view that pervasive irrational racial profiling invariably accounts for the widespread investigation of people of color and ethnic minorities reflects a misreading of empirical studies of law enforcement officers' stop-search practices."

Tags:racial profiling, profiling

Abstract
This three page undergraduate paper examines how racial profiling, the war on drugs, and urban poverty are related. The writer points out that an examination of the harsher realities of American society is necessary, for urban poverty often leads to drug abuse, which in itself has led to the war on drugs. The writer notes that this war is which is being conducted through racial profiling and other controversial methods. The writer discusses that as drug use is higher in minority communities due to the higher poverty rates there, law enforcement agencies consider it logical to use race as an indication of illegal drug use or trafficking.

From the Paper
"In order to determine how racial profiling, the war on drugs, and urban poverty are related, an examination of the harsher realities of American society is necessary, for urban poverty often leads to drug abuse, which has led to the war on drugs, which is being conducted through racial profiling and other controversial methods. Essentially, because drug use is higher in minority communities because of the higher poverty rates there, law enforcement agencies consider it logical to use race as an indication of illegal drug use or trafficking. According to Inciardi, current efforts to control drug abuse rely primarily upon law enforcement operations involving the seizure of drug supplies and the arrest and imprisonment of drug offenders."

Tags:racial, profiling, drugs

Abstract
Racial profiling is examined in this paper as an abuse of law enforcement primarily against blacks and Latinos. It discusses the concept of race, the use of profiling as a crime fighting technique and miscarriages of justice based on racial prejudice.

From the Paper
"In discussing the merits of racial profiling as a crime-fighting technique we must first examine the concept of race itself. Physical anthropologists have determined that modern homo sapiens evolved from non-human ancestors in Africa some years ago based on DNA studies and the analysis of proteins and that racial differences developed as evolutionary adaptations to the different environments into which they moved. There is no question that there are a great deal of obvious physical differences among human beings ..."

Tags:Crime, racial, profiling, racism

Abstract
This paper explores the police use of racial profiling. It explains how some policemen use this racial profiling code to promote their own personal ethnic bias towards certain population groups. It argues that this method in fighting crime promotes institutional racism.

From the Paper
"America is a beautiful place where people are supposed to live in peace and be treated equally. But, some people may disagree with because they are mistreated due their racial background. Racism has always been a problem everyone has to encounter at some point in his or her life. However, most people would not think that the police would contribute to the racism trouble that we have. Unfortunately, they encourage the negative issue by having a code called racial profiling. Racial profiling is where the police think certain minorities commit certain crimes. For instance, if most black men are drug dealers, then a black man will be accused of being one almost every time they come across a police officer. With that in mind, racial profiling is very wrong and should not exist in the police force. It also should not exist since it promotes discrimination against minorities. "

Tags:policemen, racial, profiling, code, ethnic, population, groups, crime, institutional, racism, america, u.s., background, minorities, black, discrimination