Abstract
This paper investigates some of the major historical events and social changes in twentieth-century South Africa which have revealed the hardening of attitudes towards racial integration. It explores some of the things that might have triggered these events and the changes that occurred. These were linked with the fears and concerns of white leaders of the time. This paper concentrates on the development of apartheid, or separateness, which built on existing segregational policies, leading ultimately to the complete territorial, social and political segregation of blacks and whites.

Abstract
This paper discusses the history of inter-racial marriages from the first recorded inter-racial marriage in what was to become the United States of Captain John Smith of Jamestown, Virginia to the Indian princess Pocahontas in 1607, to its almost acceptance today. It examines how inter-marrying began as marrying out of the religion to eventually marriage within different ethnic minorities. It evaluates the different laws over time regarding inter-racial marriages such as a 1922 anti-miscegenation law stated that, if blacks and whites intermarried, punishment was one to five years in prison. Although a raceless society is probably fairly distant, America has been trending towards greater racial integration since the end of the Second World War. 100 years ago, German and Irish immigrants were considered a separate people by people born in America. Whereas people express preferences in appearance in a mate, perhaps a society with fuzzy racial barriers isn't very far away.

From the Paper
"From the 60's until today, inter-racial marriage has gained wider and wider acceptance. According to the US Census Bureau, in 2000 over 1,461,000 people were married to someone not of their own race, and 6.8 million people claimed to be multi-racial. In 1960, only 149 thousand people claim to be married to someone of a different race, and by 1970, 310 thousand such people lived in the United States. Statistically, whites find it easier to marry Asians than blacks. This is probably because Asians share many of the same demographic characteristics with white people. Similarly, Hispanics and blacks find it easier to marry."

Tags:blacks, whites, chinese, miscegenation, law, hispanics, chinese

Abstract
This paper examines three works which cite a different determining factor in the separation of the races, and examines each particular factor's detrimental effects on the black community. After examining those works, this paper argues that the real root of racial segregation is ultimately voluntary, even if influenced by the variances of racial economics.

From the Paper
"This analysis examines not only the structural factors which exist in continued inequalities between black and white communities, but the cultural factors which contribute to the continuance of these structural factors. Cashin's analysis is the only one of the three which truly explains the circular patter of structural factors creating the cultural factors that contribute to the black and white segregation. As this segregation is already the status quo in many of the communities which were originally segregated (i.e. the suburbs versus the inner city), it becomes more acceptable for members of the community to prefer their own comfort zone of the community they already inhabit (Cashin 2005)."

Tags:racism, integration, communities

Abstract
The paper discusses how the problem facing North African Muslim immigrants in France is one of both social stigma and economic disability. The paper describes how an unsympathetic government combined with the plight of misinformed French citizenry has caused a near breaking point between the relationships of immigrants and the mainstream populace. The paper shows how the current terrorism and fear of Islamic fundamentalism has had a profound effect on efforts at immigration integration. The paper asserts that France must take further steps to promote greater economic and political incentives for immigrant integration, or else they will face worse problems than rioting within their national borders.

From the Paper
"North African Muslims is the largest sector of immigrants within France, the majority of them came during the migration of World War I from such countries as Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. According to statistics, almost 25% of the total population of inner Paris are immigrants and 14% of the metropolitan area in general. There are over three million North African Muslims living in France according to recent demographic studies. The composition of North African immigrants is contrary to traditional models and the problems they face are unconventional as well."

Tags:terrorism, fundamentalism, race, ethnicity

Abstract
In this article, the writer demonstrates through the literature reviewed that racial disparity in sentencing in today's courtrooms is a very real issue that must necessarily be proactively addressed especially since one in every 15 black men in America is incarcerated compared to one out of every one hundred white men. The writer discusses that racial disparity in sentencing is present in every aspect of today's judicial system and is so integrally interwoven into the system that the very structure of the sentencing phase of a case must be changed fundamentally if racial disparity in sentencing is to be eliminated. The writer maintains that this will clearly take a focused effort of criminal defense attorneys, the judicial system at all levels, prosecutors, and laws and legislation relating to sentencing and sentencing guidelines. The writer concludes that the elimination of racial disparity in sentencing will not be possible unless that elimination is intentional and proactive as well as fundamental, which will require the focused efforts of all stakeholders and participants in the judicial process of sentencing.

Outline:
Introduction
Racial Disparity in Sentencing confirmed by Research
Why Racial Disparity in Sentencing Exists
What Can Be Done to Correct Racial Disparity in Sentencing
Discussion

From the Paper
"Steps that are suggested by The Sentencing Project as those which the Judiciary can take is one of a leadership role in attempting to assure that minority defendants are not treated disparately at the time of their arrest or during the bail and release decisions as well as in the assignment of a defense attorney and in decisions regarding diversion. Finally, Judiciary should assure that racial disparity does not take place during the time of the plea negotiation process as well as in court docket management and at sentencing. Additionally, The Sentencing Project states that the court can work toward elimination of racial disparity in sentencing through institution training ..."

Tags:courtrooms, race, black, discrimination

Abstract
The paper will examine the reasons why during the time of the American Civil Rights Movement, African-American religious integrity was challenged through segregation, racism, church participation and religion. It also looks at the possible solutions to segregation, specifically the changes made by Martin Luther King Jr. The first section of the paper explains segregation in a Biblical, sociological and ethical context. It examines religious limitations that were place on the African-American society, as well as the violence directed at it. Finally, the paper questions why the church was reluctant to participate in desegregation.

From the Paper
"How is segregation justified through the Bible? It is not when it is motivated by hatred. The story of Noah's son has nothing to do with race and the curse of Babel was for sin. The Bible separates people by faith and believer. Race, national origin, wealth, and education are not scriptural and mock Christ and his love for all people. Jesus wants us to come to him and when churches refuse to allow Christian blacks to worship in their church, it becomes a serious problem in our country's psyche and Jesus' sacrifices. This issue becomes more alarming through denying blacks the right to vote, ending discrimination in public places, the right to free association with any man, equal enforcement laws and adequate education. Blacks at this time did not receive these rights and were seen as dumb and dishonest. The affects of slavery help salvage the attitude and the progression of blacks a problem as they saw whites as cruel, dishonest and selfish."

Tags:desegregation, integration, evangelical, prejudice

Abstract
This paper examines the role that ethnicity and race play in determining one's identity and how this can have both positive and negative consequences. The negative consequences are best demonstrated when a person's race or ethnic background prevent him from integrating into society. The paper looks at this aspect of ethnic and racial identity and the role the social worker has in helping people of different ethnicities and races integrate into society. The problems that arise as social workers take on this role are discussed as well.

From the Paper
"People often identify along racial and ethnic lines. This usually isn't antagonistic; it usually consists of maintaining traditions and values and thereby forms the basis for social interaction. For such people, ethnicity provides a sense of purpose in their own identity. Celebrations like Diwali and Rosh Hashanna remind people (in this case, Indian and Jewish people) of their traditions and are a source of pride. Among the most lively and endearing parts of any city are its ethnic communities, as they allow us to experience not only different holidays, cuisine and customs but also to gain a more circumspect appreciation of human nature and the way that people interact."

Tags:mainstream, multiculturalism, foregin, born, communities, equal, rights, discrimination-free, environment, racism

Abstract
This paper discusses the majority of the early foundations for the struggle for racial equality in relation to the Civil Rights Movements of the 1930s and 1940s. The paper examines how the platform for unions and economic issues was a major catalyst for a greater sense of integration between blacks and whites, but the advent of war helped to prevent the nullifying effects of black equality in Roosevelt's New Deal.

From the Paper
"The aim of this racial study is to analyze the basis of the Civil Rights Movements of the 1930s and 1940s in the United States. Through these times periods, one can determine the influence of the Labor Movement, the Great Depression and the other various economic aspects of the African American push for equal rights. In the evolution of these earlier movements, the development of a unified and far more political structure became apparent through President Roosevelt's and the March on Washington that became a message of solidarity in race issues in America. In this manner, the advent of World War II and the Great Depression were catalysts for equality of rights for African Americans, as they forged a movement which would a reach an apogee during the 1960s."

Tags:race, black, issues

Abstract
The paper examines and analyzes the experiences of an African American woman named Freida May Jones in school and at the West Springfield branch office of the World Bank of Boston. The paper shows how these experiences demonstrate the pervasive problems confronting many minority women, simply because they are minority women in a predominantly white society. The paper highlights how her educational background and job skills confirm her intelligence, capabilities and integrity, yet she was treated with demeaning condescension by many of her colleagues and superiors.

Tags:freida, may, jones

Abstract
This paper delves into the depths of the issues of racism and cultural assimilation as addressed in African-American theatre. It examines two plays, Alice Childress's "Wine in the Wilderness", which examines assimilation on a personal level and brings up issues of how it is that we, as a society, develop this assimilation, both consensually and nonconsensually, and Amiri Baraka's "Dutchman", which looks at the effects of assimilation and the forces that drive it.

From the Paper
"America has been called the melting pot of the world. We are a nation composed of and created by the integration of dozens of cultures over two-hundred years. Unfortunately, true racial integration is something that has really only been developing in the past thirty years or so. With this integration come the eventual questions of assimilation and cultural fusion. The answers to these questions will form the basis of the future of our society and how the world culture develops."

Tags:african, american, literature