Abstract
A general history of North American children's literature is provided and a critical analysis of race, class and gender representation is discussed in the contexts of the need and availability of multicultural children's literature.

Abstract
This essay will construct a challenge to three novels for children with respect to their inherent biases: Paula Fox's "The Slave Dancer", Lynne Reid Banks' "The Indian in the Cupboard", and Rudyard Kipling's "How the Leopard Got his Spots". In constructing this challenge, I believe that it is important that I explain my own biases and how they influence my challenge. I would argue that it would be arrogant for educators or parents today to consider that we are without biases.

Abstract
This essay discusses how many children's books have been considered classics, but how they have also been challenged as having race and gender bias. Rudyard Kipling's "How The Leopard Got His Spots", Paula Fox's "The Slave Dancer", and Lynne Reid Banks' "The Indian in the Cupboard" are all examined in this context. The paper finds that they have a certain amount of racial bias.

Tags:childrens, literature

Abstract
This study examines the nature and effects of race and gender on managerial progression within the investment banking industry. It attempts to prove that race and gender have the potential to negatively impact a minority's ability to progress in the industry. Successful advancement opportunities, in theory, should be contingent upon an individual's skills, abilities and work history; unfortunately, time and time again, this theory has been disproved by statistical data, which indicates that race and gender do, in fact, impact on employees' potential for achievement. The study focuses on the managerial progression of candidates, both male and female, of minority and non-minority descent within the U.S. and the U.K. It also details the importance of developing more comprehensive recruiting and promotional activities targeted specifically toward these populations. The paper concludes that equality measures implemented thus far have not been efficient in attracting and promoting candidates.

Table of Contents
Abstract
List of Tables
List of Figures
Chapter I: Introduction
Problem Statement (or Purpose)
Significance of the Study
Assumptions
Limitations
Definitions (or Acronyms)
Chapter II: Review of Relevant Literature and Research
Chapter III: Research Methodology
Research Technique
Research Design
Survey Population
Sources of Data
The Data Gathering Instrument
Distribution Method
Reliability
Validity
Treatment of Data and Procedures
Chapter IV: Results
Chapter V: Discussion
Chapter VI: Conclusions
Chapter VII: Recommendations
Appendixes: Bibliography, Tables, Interview Questions

From the Paper
"Research also reveals that at least within the United States, finding African American presence among the highest levels of responsibility at Wall Street firms including financial institutions and investment banks is not nearly as difficult in modern times as in historical times (McCoy, 1992). Black finance professionals have actually "built impressive track records with their own investment firms" (McCoy, 1992).
The good news however is tempered by statistics that reveal that in general there are still very few African-Americans and like minded minorities working in managerial positions overall within the nation's leading investment banks (McCoy, 1992). This is even truer for minority women, who often face double discrimination, being an ethnic minority and being a woman. Statistics also reveal that few black finance professionals are currently "coming through the pipeline" to help statistics (McCoy, 1992)."

Tags:corporate, governance, Civil, Rights, Act, ECEO

Abstract
The paper proposes research on a New Jersey college campus to ascertain the perceptions of race and gender on white collar crime. The paper provides a literature review to either prove or disprove the hypothesis that white males will find white-collar crime less prevalent and damaging then racial minorities and women. The paper explains the methodology to be used and looks at previous research on this topic.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Theory and Hypothesis
Methods

From the Paper
"How can one expect society to act towards a crime if the lines are so vague that it often is only used to characterize those considered elite and upper class? This study attempts to further explain and clarify the perceptions of white collar crime by gender and race. It is our belief that White males (who benefit the most from the practice) will find white-collar crime less prevalent and damaging then racial minorities and women. This research helps to affirm not only is there a need for further research regarding perceptions men and women of various races regarding how they view white collar crime, there is a need to see why these perceptions have not been studied extensively over the past decade of research."

Tags:minorities, public, white, black, males

Abstract
In this paper, affectation of the glass ceiling in women's social roles provide a gender bias that restricts women from learning and training for higher positions in or above middle level management. The patriarchal milieu of American corporate life is often a major part of this problem, as women are often economically marginalized into lower level managerial jobs with far less pay. By understanding the gender bias of women as a 'reserve worker' in the modern era, the subjective stereotypes of women as domestic servant affect the ability of women to learn stronger and developed managerial skills.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from Essay Experts LLC. We strive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #255 Order ID: 16284 Topic: Sociology Disclaimer: This document should be used in precisely the same way you would use any article you might find in your local research library. Remember, you must cite it properly just like you would any other source listed in your bibliography. If you have any questions regarding citing

Tags:socio, econ, psych

Abstract
Both quantitatively (in terms of numbers affected) and qualitatively (in terms of the changes required), gender bias remains a profound Canadian crisis. Women are disadvantaged in marriage and in the workplace and underrepresented in the political arena. The roots of this bias are deeply ingrained in Canadian society. Further, overcoming this bias demands fundamental changes in the type of government intervention designed to address it.

Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the various studies that claim the content of computer games are determined by the interests of men rather than women and proves that a gender bias in the PC game industry exists. This paper also discusses the lack of female computer programmers in the industry and the steps being taken to remedy the situation including direct marketing aimed at women.

From the Paper
"One step that some companies are taking is simply directing more marketing at girls and women. According to the esteemed advertising journal, Billboard, in the early part of the previous decade, Sega Corporation instituted a special "girls task force," which was comprised of female executives. Additionally, Viacom New Media executive vice president Michele DiLorenzo began and remained a vocal industry proponent of gender-neutral titles."

Tags:women, feminism, technology, marketing, advertising, programming

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the gender bias problems that occur in GRE testing. Furthermore, a number of issues related to this problem are addressed. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn and alternative solutions and recommendations for graduate school admission criteria is proposed that promote equity and fairness for all entering students.

From the Paper
"Students that apply to graduate school are affected by the often rigorous application process, including the submission of test scores from the GRE. For many students, advanced standardized tests such as the GRE are not an accurate measure of true academic performance and may negatively influence admission decisions: "The research demonstrates that standardized testing has a negative impact on students, perpetuating and intensifying educational inequity through test bias and the misuse of test scores" (Froese-Germain 111). Those who score poorly on the GRE are often eliminated from admission contention even though the test is perceived as one small component of the selection process. It has been demonstrated that although the questions found on the exam are theoretically designed to be equivalent for either gender, they are often proven to be otherwise. These questions emphasize the significant differences between how males and females perform on standardized tests. In addition, "Men and women differ in their chosen interests and activities, and these differences are likely to have an influence on school activities, grades, and test scores" (Azen, Bronner, and Gafni 77). The identification of true test bias is determined in the following statement: "If a group of examinees always performs more poorly on a test and this group does not subsequently exhibit inferior achievement, then the test misrepresents this group and is said to be biased" (Azen et al. 78). In general, admission tests are required in order to accurately select and predict the appropriate candidates, and this process can have a negative effect on the potential success of student populations."

Tags:test, university, admission, criteria

Abstract
This paper ponders the argument that the secondary characteristics of a historian has more impact on his or her writing, than gender alone. The writer contends that these secondary characteristics, such as race, socio-economic status, religious and political affiliations are what determine a writer's personal beliefs and biases. This paper explores the contributions of Sarah Bolton, one of America's leading feminist historians, who brought women in history to the forefront. Bolton's writings of history openly advocated the role of women in history and the change in social norms. The writer of this paper contends and explains that historians generally have agendas and that their writings are used to further these agendas. The writer also asserts that if history is written only by men, it is logical to assume that women's contributions to historical events will be lacking. The same holds true for history written by only one particular race.

From the Paper
"Take, for example, the different perspectives that could be taken by two writers, both women, about women being granted access to higher education in the 20th Century. The first woman writer is a member of the middle-class, and she and her husband both have to work in order to keep their family in the middle class. That historian may begin her history with women getting equal access to higher education, which led to more women entering the workforce in higher-paying jobs. In addition, that historian could accurately show that, traditionally, as women have entered an occupation, it has become devalued by society, and the members of the occupation have then suffered a relative decline in pay. As a result, the historian could conclude that women's access to higher education has led to a society of families that cannot maintain a middle-class lifestyle without two incomes."

Tags:history, literature, gender, bias, feminism, women, race