Abstract
This paper first explains that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own immune system produces and sends chemicals to fight or destroy parts of the body it falsely deems an intruding enemy. Next, the author relates the incidence, differential diagnoses and treatment options. The paper concludes by reviewing three recent finding about RA, which may help better understand the treatment and perhaps prevention of this disease.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Incidence and Impact on Society
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment Options
Recent Findings
Bigger, Breastfed Babies More Vulnerable to RA
Macillar Paclitaxel
Gleevec

From the Paper
"Alternative treatment modes are available and recommended for RA patients. Among these are meditation, hypnosis, guided imagery, acupressure, acupuncture, and relaxation therapies for controlling pain. More and more therapists recognize the efficacy of body work in achieving this purpose by restoring or improving chemical balance in the body. Hydrotherapy is another great aid in reducing pain and inflammation. So is moist heat. Cold packs are likewise useful during painful attacks."

Tags:joints autoimmune, alternative treatment, macillar paclitaxel, gleevec

Abstract
The paper explains that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease where antibodies meant to protect the body against infection end up attacking body tissue. The paper discusses the roles of a proper diet and nutritional supplements, exercise and optimism in building a strong and healthy immune system to fight this disease. The paper points out that if RA is left untreated, it can do serious damage to the various organs of the body.

From the Paper
"Rheumatoid Arthitis (RA) is a disease that affects about 2.1 million Americans according to statistics from the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Although associated with senior citizens, the disease affects people of all ages including younger people. There is a form of RA that is common among young people called Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthitis. (JRA). JRA is believed to affect about 1 in 1000 children. RA affects women at higher rates than men and has been known to show up in certain families which leads scientists to believe it may be hereditary. RA is less common than ostheoarthristis which is caused by the wear in tear in the joints as people age. According to the book "Understanding Arthritis," by Stanton P. Newman, osthearthitis is found in the majority of people over the age of 75."

Tags:diet, exercise, optimism, inflammation, joints, antigens, immune, system

Abstract
This paper explains that, previously considered a benign disabling illness, rheumatoid arthritis is now recognized as a cause of increased mortality due to the systemic effects of peri-cardial disease, interstitial lung disease and systemic vasculitis. The author points out that the differentiation of rheumatoid arthritis from other rheumatic diseases can be difficult; however, certain clinical features, such as joint inflammation and the number and specific joint sites affected can help indicate if the diagnosis should be RA. The paper relates that the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis is still unknown but there is some indication that a common virus or bacterium might serve as a triggering event; however, there is still no evidence to implicate a specific infectious agent.

From the Paper
"Joint inflammation is characteristically polyarticular, symmetrical, and in severe cases may be warm and erythematous. Joints involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis include proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal (MCP), the wrist, elbow, knee, and ankle. Rheumatoid nodules, an aggregate of inflammatory cells surrounding a center of cellular debris, can occur on the extensor surfaces of the elbows or fingers. A poorer prognosis is likely for patients who experienced onset at an early age and who have elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates and high levels of rheumatoid factor and swelling of more than 20 joints."

Tags:gout, splints, surgery, synovium, progressive

Abstract
This paper discusses John Austin's lyrics and the messages contained therein through an application of Stuart Hall's theories of representation. The paper also examines some of his recorded interviews for continued application of representation. It is the paper's intention to show that Ras Kass is indeed a destructive storyteller who is consistently detrimental to the Civil Rights Movement as well as adds fuel to the violent flames of racism.

From the Paper
"Again we turn to "Ordo Abchao" to find the answer. In "Hook #2," immediately following the second verse, he states "So we try to cash more checks and have more sex." This seems an obvious mission statement from a man who sees such material gains as his only measure of success and happiness. This theme plays again into the negative representation of black American culture in the media and does nothing to help the black community in their continued struggle for equality and respect.
"When we are shown depictions of a young black man, angry and violent, stating that everything wrong is someone else's fault, advocating criminal activities, and claiming the "me first" philosophy, we see specifically the reason for Stuart Hall's admonishment of the black community to avoid portraying this short of stereotype in the media. "

Tags:hip-hop, racism, civil, rights

Abstract
This paper explains that rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial joints and virtually every tissue in the body joints and other tissues; it can affect persons of all ages. The author points out that treatment of rheumatoid arthritis demands a multidisciplinary approach that includes pharmacological control of inflammation; combinations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs (SAARDs), which provide the basis for treatment; physical therapies, including general and specific exercises; educational programs; and psychological counseling. The paper relates that, especially for older patients, weight-bearing activities increase bone strength so that, in the case of a fall, there will be less likely to have a fracture.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Patient Perceptions
Surgeries Available
Exercise and Therapy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Physical activity and exercise is definitely a factor that can contribute to positive aging in general and RA prevention in particular, and has been researched methodically and thoroughly. Many researchers have focused on the mental and physical benefits that activity can bring to the elderly, who may be able to stave off physical deterioration by
engaging in an active lifestyle that highlights exercise and fitness. Although some studies have gone so far as to set the minimum time and intensity for physical activity, most agree that in terms of exercise, anything is better than nothing. "Updated ACR guidelines on the management of RA recommend that an optimal treatment strategy include physical therapy and regular participation in dynamic and aerobic exercise programs in addition to pharmacologic interventions."

Tags:research, exercise, synovial, drugs, surgery

Abstract
The paper relates that the RAS Associates company is a consulting firm based in Chicago but is expanding into Detroit with the addition of a recently acquired building. Additionally, the paper discusses how the firm has some remotely located employees that currently dial-in to its network but that will be able to utilize a virtual private network or VPN in the future. The paper discusses how the company's telecommunications platform relies on a local service provider for local and long distance calling but it has a leased PBX board to manage its intra-company connections such as extension dialing from employee to employee. The paper mentions that the firm's network will incorporate its new building in Detroit and the plan includes an IP addressing scheme as well as its subnet masking strategy. This examination and needs assessment details how, with these changes and additions, the firm can set itself up to integrate any future growth into its network and technology platform with minimal additional expense.

From the Paper
"This document discusses the technology and telecommunications platform and plan for RAS Associates or RAS. The company is a consulting firm based in Chicago but is expanding into Detroit with the addition of a recently acquired building. Additionally, the firm has some remotely located employees that currently dial-in to its network but that will be able to utilize a virtual private network or VPN in the future. The company's telecommunications platform relies on a local service provider for local..."

Tags:communications, technology, plan

Abstract
This paper discusses the effect of rheumatoid arthritis on the daily living of a patient. It describes the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and how it presents. The paper then focuses on the impact of exercise and mood on the severity of the disease and discusses the importance of ensuring enough exercise and positive mood for patients with the disease.

Table of Contents:
Review Of The Literature
Introduction to Rheumatoid Arthritis
Importance of Exercise for Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis
RA & ADL

From the Paper
"Patients with better mood "showed lower disease activity after one year of observation as compared with those with worse mood. As well as several reports relating diseases and mood, mental status has also been reported to affect immuno-regulatory systems. Chronic depression or chronic stress conditions lead to immuno-suppressive status and imbalance in corticotrophin-releasing hormone, which induces cancer and hyperthyroidism. It has been reported that depressive states induce suppression of mitogenic reaction in lymphocytes, decreases the number and activity of natural killer cells and decreases the production of interferon." Sadamoto, Ogawa, Ogura and Saito, 2006) The work of Gray (nd) entitled: "What Feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis are Hard to Cope with Psychologically and What Strategies Might be Helpful in Coping?" identifies the features of RA which are hard to psychologically cope with and explores the relationships between those features and negative psychological outcomes. The following figure shows the percentages of the disease symptoms and how the ability of those with RA are affected in coping."

Tags:RA, ADL, chronic, joints

Abstract
This paper discusses how Philippe Ari?s? book, "L?Enfant et la Vie Familiale sous L?Ancien R?gime", or "Centuries of Childhood" in translation, which was published over four decades ago, is still regarded by many as the ultimate study in the development of childhood over the centuries. It looks at how although there have been numerous works published over these past forty years that contradict Ari?s? hypothesis and that contain very convincing and diverse data and statistics to back up their claims, the majority of the critics hold fast to the idea that the relationship between parent and child changed from cold and distant in the seventeenth century, to loving and affectionate by the end of the eighteenth. This paper dismisses that thesis and proposes that childhood was certainly a notion that was accepted before eighteenth century sensibilities and it was, in fact, only the idea of how children should be treated that truly changed.

From the Paper
"Much of the evidence to support the idea that children were regarded at best indifferently, and at worst disdainfully, is found in the ideals of religion, and specifically in Christianity, of the times. A thirteenth-century hagiographical book entitled Golden Legend was very popular and influential into the seventeenth century, and throughout the tales the emphasis that the saints acted like adults even as small children was very pronounced. There were also popular biographies of actual children like Edward VI and Lady Jane Grey that portrayed them more adult-like than child-like even in their extreme youth, for they were grave, sage, and were masters in many disciplines by an extraordinarily young age."

Tags:aries, modern, parent, phillipe, relations, religion

Abstract
The paper lists the Saudi Arabian government's ten-point tourism development plan and reveals that while it has led to a tremendous increase in tourism development in the Kingdom, it could cause a drain on the natural resources. The paper instead proposes a sustainable tourism development plan with emphasis on the eastern coast covering Ra's al Khafji from the north, Al Jubayl in the center and to Ad Damman and Dharhan to the south. The paper provides several recommendations and considerations for a program that will ensure viability of the industry without harming the ecological balance of the area.

From the Paper
"Once the above are all considered, representatives from the previously mentioned regions will identify resources, attractions and facilities in their respective areas that will be incorporated in the sustainable tourism development plan. Aside from these, the representatives will also need to identify potential local and foreign investors who believe in funding such a noble tourism program. The key consideration in this matter is that "efforts to promote tourism development in the region must consider up-front the possible risks, negative impacts, and externalities that tourism development and increased tourist flows generate. These range from increased use of resources (such as water), environmental degradation, conflicts with indigenous groups over land use, the distortion of the local economy, and negative cultural impacts. (Hazbun, 2006)" To ensure compliance from all sectors that will be involved; the advocacy should be spearheaded by the government with Ministry of Economy and Planning of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Supreme Commission for Tourism at the forefront.
"After identifying the regional and sectoral representatives, mapping out resources, attractions and facilities, listing potential local and international investors, ascertaining the risks associated with the plan and being spearheaded by the government, it is important to prepare the budget needed to realize the plan. Depending upon the concession of parties involved, the sustainable tourism development plan can be on a three-, five- or ten-year program."

Tags:ecology, resources, ecotourism, biodiversity, locals

Abstract
This paper discusses the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, its causes, signs and symoptoms. The paper also describes the pathophysiology of the disease and treatment options. Also included are reviews of several research studies and a case history of a patient with RA.

From the Paper
"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease causing chronic inflammation of the joints. (Arthritis Shiel) It can also cause inflammation of tissues surrounding the joints and affects other organs of the body. Symptoms of RA come and go, depending on the amount of inflammation and the disease can be active for a while and then go into remission for a while. When the disease is active, symptoms include fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle and joint pain and aches, stiffness and low grade fever. Joints may become swollen red..."

Tags:rheumatoid arthritis, drugs, surgery, inflammation, patient, disease