Abstract The paper reviews the literature to support the conclusion that the sQuba submersible car is a viable consumer product where the company will gain and maintain its competitive advantage in the future. The paper goes on to show how the sQuba has a lot going for it in terms of high-quality design and performance, and mass production of the vehicle could reasonably be expected to reduce its final price. The paper believes that while the niche might be small at first, consumer demand for the sQuba could reasonably be expected to grow once the production price is reduced and more consumer reports become available from those who drove the world's first submersible car.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Fully two-thirds of the earth is covered by water, and much of it remains unexplored. Throughout history, mankind has sought ways to plumb the ocean's depths and see just what is down there, and some early attempts were more successful than others. Today, though, submariners routinely patrol the world's oceans and IMAX productions of underwater vistas and coral reefs beckon the general public to join them. In this environment, it is little wonder that a submersible car has been developed by researchers and some observers suggest that this new vehicle, the sQuba, holds some significant commercial potential."
Abstract The paper discusses how the teaching of English learners in American classrooms has been a subject of debate for decades. The paper explains that most commonly, the conflict surrounds how much and to what extent the teaching should be done in the students' native languages. Three main methods have emerged that are the topic of review in this paper; structured immersion; dual language immersion and submersion. The paper points out that no method of teaching English learners is guaranteed. The paper concludes that until greater research is conducted, only partial recommendations can be made based on available research.
Outline:
Structured Immersion
Dual Language Immersion
Submersion Conclusions
From the Paper "Structured immersion, also called sheltered English immersion, teaches English language learners in self-contained classrooms. These classrooms, comprised on only English learners, are still instructed in English but are separated from mainstream classrooms for some allotted time (Rossell 2005). Structured immersion uses little acknowledgement of the native language of English learners, and does not require additional academic reinforcement at home (Attinasi 1998). This method has currently been adopted in California and Arizona, and also to some extent in Massachusetts."
Abstract This paper explains that the influx of immigrants to the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries made it necessary to adopt policies regarding bilingual education; by the end of the 19th century, many states had adopted bilingual laws or provided bilingual instruction without creating formal legalization. The author points out that California's Proposition 227 is a threat to bilingualism within school curricula; therefore, supporters of ESL are attempting to have limited English proficiency listed as a special education need. The paper describes and evaluates three types of ESL instruction, including the withdrawal program, in which students are withdrawn from the classroom for instruction; submersion, in which students are placed in an English-only classroom with no additional help; and structured immersion, in which students are in an English environment, but the teacher, proficient in their native language, helps the student whenever difficulty arises with English in the classroom.
Table of Contents
History of Bilingual Education in the United States
Legislation Regarding Bilingual Education
Proposition 227
Type of Bilingual Program in the Classroom
Other Types of Bilingual Programs
Evaluation of Bilingual Programs
From the Paper "According to this initiative, federal funds are provided to support English language learners (ELLs). The focus is thus entirely on teaching and learning English only. This is encouraged by "accountability" provisions, including the judgment of schools according to the number of ELLs reclassified as fluent English speakers. Furthermore, the failure to show progress in English learning will be punished. This appears to be a return to the earlier and paranoid legislation regarding language instruction during the World War I years. It also appears once again to be unconstitutional; schools are practically being forced to abandon all attention to native language instruction in favor of English-only instruction."
Abstract This paper explains that the most notable tool used by both Keats and Tennyson is "negative capability", the submersion of one's identity; Keats would often completely submerge himself in the description of an object until he became that object in a poem as in his "Ode to a Nightingale" and Tennyson has a similar tale "The Lotos Eater". The author points out that Keats and Tennyson are alike in that they both make liberal use of classical writings and nearly every poem, which they write, refers to either mythology or Shakespeare. The paper concludes that both writers worked a sort of magic through sorrowful inspirations and the juxtaposition of conflicting concepts.
From the Paper "Keats received even harsher criticism than Tennyson did. He received so much criticism for his poem "Endymion" that it was rumored (falsely) that the criticism is what drove him to illness. At age eight, his father died from a bad fall off of a horse, and soon after, his mother and then brother died of tuberculosis. To make matters worse, as a physician, Keats recognized the signs of tuberculosis in himself early on. He immediately guessed that he was doomed. Keats was right; he never even lived to see his thirties. Naturally, his poems reflect the sense of doom that pervaded his spirit."
Abstract The foreign language requirement has long been a component of formal education. The paper shows that several different methods exist for teaching foreign languages, including submersion and various levels of immersion teaching. In addition, foreign language teaching can be either language-driven or content-driven. This paper compares and contrasts the different methods of teaching foreign languages through immersion and submersion.
From the Paper "The language programs of the United States are based on Canadian French-language programs developed in the 1960's (Fortune and Tedick par. 3). Immersion, when used in teaching foreign languages, is the process of teaching the student using the language being taught for all or most of the school day."
Abstract This paper helps to show research studies on the effects of a language minority child in the bilingual education program. The paper outlines the immersion program, a new and controversial program, which is designed to get kids into normal classrooms after one year in a classroom learning English. This paper discusses the pros and cons socially as well as mentally for the child.
From the Paper "Immersion is a relatively new development within education and is a form of bi-lingual education. Due to the increase of immigrants from different countries, many states have incorporated in their school systems teaching for the language-minority students. It has required many states to develop a system of bi-lingual education. Immersion programs are being introduced at a variety of levels within educational systems. There is much controversy about whether immersion is good for children that come into the schools without any knowledge or experience with the countries language. Like some researchers, I believe that total immersion or submersion is a "non-approach" and that it has been described as a "sink or swim" technique. My claim is that the only sufficient way to teach a language-minority child is to immerse them into English speaking classrooms while they are young and then mainstream them later with the other children after their language proficiency is complete. My intention is to show evidence to my audience that our country is spending billions of dollars every year to promote the bi-lingual classrooms and to persuade them that the only cost effective and learning proficient way is to completely immerse them into English speaking programs."
Abstract This paper reviews bilingual education programs, including transitional bilingual education, English as a Second Language (ESL), structured immersion, submersion, and two-way or dual immersion. The author states that the National Council of Teachers of English found no research evidence to support the idea that non-English-speaking children will read, write, and do academic work in English better if first they learn to read write and do academic work in their home language. The paper concludes that bilingual education blocks the assimilation and advancement of minority students; therefore, to avoid such situations, students should be placed in English-only classes.
From the Paper "However, not all communities are able to provide their language ? minority students with such programs. As a result, a significant number of English -language learners are unable to accomplish well academically. Additionally, schools need sufficient funding from the government for recourses, programs and textbooks that will help minority students succeed academically. The costs of bilingual programs for minority students are estimated to be $5.5 billion, and for ESL $1.9 billion in. On the contrary, intensive English programs do not require so much funding. Besides, research shows that these programs are much more successful then bilingual programs in providing competency for non-native language learners."
Abstract This paper provides a brief study of the role of the submarine from the First World War through to the Second World War and the developments that were seen during this period. It focuses on American and German capabilities in submarines, which gave a greater understanding of the might of these submersible vessels, especially at the time of hostilities.
From the Paper "The entry of the United States in a combative role in the First world war was delayed until 1917. The United States deployed twenty four diesel powered submarines off the United States East Coast and overseas in the Azores and Ireland. The role of these submarines were mostly to escort Allied merchant shipping and counter the threat present in the form of German submarine threats. The submarines of the United States failed to sink any of the German submarines. Still the number of attacks that they manage to repulse by near misses demonstrated the capacity of the submarine to be an effective in an anti-submarine role. The German skill in the use of submarines called U-boats during First world War demonstrated the vital role that submarine would have in future global conflicts. (Part 6: World War Two Subs)"
Abstract This paper discusses how Indian nations have attempted to maintain oral Indian traditions in various ways. The paper explains that the value of understanding the diversity and collective of the Indian culture is paramount to understanding the way in which modern Indians have resisted losing their native cultures. The paper also looks at how the language issue is addressed in nearly every Indian education system through a bilingual or submersion technique. The paper then points out that Reservations also serve as a center for the expression of ceremonies, dances, beliefs and customs.
From the Paper "Some Indian nations retained their oral traditions and handed down the seeds of this information to the later generations through a largely oral tradition. So, against all odds there are still Indians who understand their heritage and many modern movements have doggedly attempted to retell and transmit tradition to later generations and to others who are interested in this revival of heritage. The traditions of the past include many varied languages, beliefs, ceremonies, dances and customs. Each nation has made attempts to rekindle the expression of their cultures."
