Abstract
This paper discusses the battle between Peter Ramus and Quintilian. The author compares this battle to the one between Iran and Iraq and examines the way that the United States aided Iraq to fight Iran in the 1980's because she wanted to even ground and protract the war to make sure both sides lost many lives. The author compares this situation to the one in the battle between Peter Ramus and Quintilian where a stalemate of winning arguments arises and both sides have lost.

From the paper:

"With the considerable lashing Ramus unleashes on Quintilian, one would expect ridiculous argumentation from the former and substantial rebuttal from the later. However, Ramus only emerges victorious on one front, the separation of morality and rhetoric. His second onslaught, conversely, never penetrates Quintilian's solid wall of reason. Without invention, arrangement, and memory, rhetoric fails to persuade. With clear victory implausible for either party, witnesses to the squabble find themselves echoing the sentiment of Henry Kissinger: Quintilian and Ramus have both lost."

Tags:communication, dialectic, quintilian, ramus, rhetoric

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to briefly examine the 'nature vs. nurture' debate. The paper also draw conclusions concerning the debate's current status in the psychological literature.

From the Paper
"Can human behavior be explained as being ingrained in the genes before people are born or is behavior developed by people over time in relation to their experiences in the external environment? According to Kleese, this question has never been satisfactorily answered. The answers that have been provided are traditionally referred to as 'The Nature vs. Nurture Debate'. If the answer to the foregoing question is heavily weighted on the side of genetics and heredity as the prime contributor to the development of human behavior..."

Tags:nature, vs., nurture

Abstract
The paper discusses how Karen Armstrong's "mythos vs. logos" thesis best explains the origins and development of Judaism, for it characterizes why the ancient Hebrews embraced monotheism as a divine explanation for creation, human existence, and the special role of the Jews as God's chosen people. The paper explains that Jewish religious doctrine emerged and evolved in response to this initial acceptance of monotheism, and relied significantly upon mythos as the centuries passed.

From the Paper
"Karen Armstrong's "mythos vs. logos" thesis best explains the origins and development of Judaism, for it characterizes why the ancient Hebrews embraced monotheism as a divine explanation for creation, human existence, and the special role of the Jews as God's chosen people. Jewish religious doctrine emerged and evolved in response to his initial acceptance of monotheism, and relied significantly upon mythos as the centuries passed...."

Tags:mythos, vs, logos

Abstract
This paper examines the "nature vs. nurture" debate in terms of how both genetic and environmental factors affect an individual, particularly with reference to intelligence.

From the Paper
"The debate over nature vs. nurture is a longstanding one. Essentially, the debate is between scientists who believe that people behave the way they do according to heredity i.e. genetic predispositions or animal instincts-the nature theory-and those who believe that human behavior is conditioned by a person's environment and what the person is taught to do-the nurture theory. Although both nature and nurture are known to contribute to human intelligence, personality..."

Tags:nature vs. nurture, intelligence, human genome, environment, genes

Abstract
Racial segregation in the 50s was a problem in public schools. "Brown vs. Board of Education" was the beginning of the Supreme Court recognizing that all people are equal.

Tags:brown, vs, board

Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of the British laws regarding land registration and land charges. It focuses on two cases, "Caunce vs. Caunce" [1969] and "Kingsnorth Finance vs. Tizard" [1986] and looks at which of the decisions achieved the most satisfactory outcome to reflect current social needs.

Outline:
Introduction
Legal Issues in the Caunce and Tizard Cases
The Decisions in the Caunce and Tizard Cases
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The legal issue in the Caunce1 case is whether the bank has priority over the wife's equitable interest in the house, owned and occupied by her and her husband at the time the mortgages were taken out. Since then the husband had left her, was she entitled to stay in the house even though it wasn't registered in her name? The legal issue that arises in the Tizard2 case is whether the land charge registered by the plaintiff (Kingsnorth Finance) "was subject to or could override the equitable interest, if any, of the wife" (Kingsnorth Finance v Tizard [1986] 1 WLR 783). Another issue was whether the wife was in actual occupation of the property, as the surveyor had noted that there was occupation by the husband and the children and the husband told the surveyor that his wife "had left many months ago" (Kingsnorth Finance v Tizard [1986] 1 WLR 783)."

Tags:land, overreaching, unregistered, pusine, mortgage

Abstract
This paper first explains that, on March 2, 1801, two days before he was to leave office, the Federalist President John Adams made out scores of last minute judicial appointments, which were challenged leading to the constitutional case, "Marbury vs Madison". The paper then goes on to present several key legal questions involved in this case and the Supreme Court decision. The paper concludes that Chief Justice Marshall's classic argument in "Marbury vs. Madison" firmly established the ultimate supremacy of the Constitution for all laws held in the U.S., set up the Supreme Court's power of judicial review and authenticated the Supreme Court as a true and powerful organ of the United States government, able to provide fundamental guarantees to the basic rights of the individual and society.

Table of Contents:
Background of "Marbury vs. Madison"
The Constitutional Questions
The Supreme Court's Decision
The Constitutional Significance of "Marbury vs. Madison"

From the Paper
"If the appointment was binding, what was the proper recourse for the petitioners? Marbury and the others looked for a Mandamus from the Supreme Court, while the Jefferson Administration claimed there was no recourse.
"Was the Supreme Court the proper venue to decide this question? At first blush, it seemed clearly so, as by the Judiciary Act of 1797, and reaffirmed by the Judiciary Act of 1802, the Supreme Court was explicitly named as the body to issue acts of Mandamus. However, the Marshall court decided to review this question as part of their decision."

Tags:appointments recourse venue supremacy, judicial review

Abstract
This paper explains the events leading to "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey": the State of Pennsylvania amended its Abortion Control Act to require women seeking abortion to 1) give "informed consent" and the doctors to provide information about the health risks of having the abortion prior to the abortion; 2) a "spousal notification"; 3) "parental notification" from parents of minors; and 4) a 24-hour waiting period before obtaining an abortion. The author points out that "Roe vs. Wade." one of the most controversial rulings in the history of U.S. Supreme Court, which generated heated criticism from anti-abortion groups and gave rise to a pro-life movement, predated "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey". The paper concludes that "Casey" is still relevant because the present U.S. administration is clearly in favor of making abortion illegal, the Congress is dominated by Republicans, and there is a possibility of replacement of more than one Justice on the Court during the second Bush term, who most likely will be anti-abortion.

Table of Contents
Background of the Casey Supreme Court
William Rehnquist
Harry Blackmun
Sandra O'Connor
Anthony Kennedy
John Stevens
Antonin Scalia
Byron White
David Souter
Clarence Thomas
Important Pre-Casey Cases
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
Harris v. MCrae
Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Historical, Social and Legal Background of Casey
Arguments from both Sides
Essentials of the Plurality Decision
Contemporary Reaction to the Case
Legal Reaction to the Case
Historical Impact
Current Relevance

From the Paper
"Several states enacted laws limiting the right of abortion, including laws requiring parental and spousal consent, restricting abortions in clinics, and laws barring state funding for abortions. The Hyde Amendment was passed by the US Congress banning state funds for abortions. In a long series of cases from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, the Supreme Court consistently struck down several state restrictions on abortions, but upheld restrictions on funding."

Tags:consent, notification, pro-life, anti-abortion, funding

Abstract
This paper explains that the "Bowers vs. Hardwick" decision meant that engaging in homosexual acts between consenting adults, even in the privacy of their homes, could be considered a criminal offence; the exercise of such law by certain states did not constitute a violation of one's fundamental rights or liberty under the Due Process Clause. The author points out that the decision in "Bowers vs. Hardwick" conflicts with several other previous and similar right-of-privacy decisions of the Court, including "Griswold vs. Connecticut" (1965). The paper relates that "Bowers vs. Hardwick" was overruled by the courts 16 years later.

From the Paper
"Briefly, the facts of Bowers v Hardwick reveal that Michael Hardwick was a bartender in a gay bar in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1982, a houseguest of Hardwick unknowingly let a police officer enter Hardwick's home. The officer went to the bedroom where Hardwick was engaged in oral sex with his partner. The men were arrested and charged with violating the Georgia statute that criminalizes sodomy. Charges were later dropped, but Hardwick brought the case forward in the Federal District Court with the purpose of having the sodomy law declared unconstitutional. The court ruled in favor of the defendants for the claimant's failure to state a claim. The Court of Appeals reversed and remanded the decision on the grounds that the Georgia sodomy statute violated the respondent's (Hardwick's) fundamental rights. The Supreme Court held that the Georgia statute was constitutional and reversed."

Tags:proscriptions, right-of-privacy, griswold, blackman, connecticut

Abstract
The paper relates that nature vs. nurture has been a debated question since the writings of Plato. The paper discusses how many philosophers believe that the age old question of nature vs. nurture goes back as far as Greek mythology when the Greeks god gave man divinity. The paper relates that of course, man being man he started challenging the gods and out of fear the gods decided to deprive man of might which would allow he to function in the realm of divinity. The paper asserts that nature vs. nurture is the ultimate journey of man searching for might and one of the fiercest battles man faces is within himself with his personality (Ateel, 2008).

From the Paper
"Nature vs. nurture has been a debated question since the writings of Plato. Many philosophers believe that the age old question of nature vs. nurture goes back as far as Greek Mythology when the Greeks god gave man divinity. Of course, man being man he started challenging the gods and out of fear the gods decided to deprive man of might which would allow he to function in the realm of divinity. The gods hide might within man himself. Nature vs. nurture is the ultimate journey of man searching for might. One of the fiercest battles man faces is within himself with his personality (Ateel, 2008)."

Tags:nature, nurture, behavior