Abstract
This paper specifically looks at two essays by Quine: "On What There Is" and "Identity, Ostension, and Hypostasis." In each of these essays, Quine eloquently, clearly and often humorously lays out the means by which he arrives at his ontological conclusion. The paper examines these essays, comparing their modes of emparting Quine's theories.

From the Paper
"If we imagine trying to teach someone, say a stranger to our language, to what thing the name "river" refers, we can point to various "river stages" of the same river, stages which, by virtue of their being spatially spread, adhere to temporal spread as well. "River" it turns out refers not just to an object but to a process, a conglomeration of an infinite number of river stages spread over time and space. To identify to our new friend only "this river", we must assume his prior knowledge of "river". But, to give him the notion of "river" in general, we need only point to numerous river stages of several rivers. Finally, to help our friend's understanding of "Caster", we merely replace "river" with "Caster" in our oral repetitions. By means of induction, a stranger can acquire some modicum of awareness of the words we use to identify spatio-temporal concrete objects."

Tags:logic, essay, awareness, theory, philosophy

Abstract
This paper offers an in-depth analysis of Quine's theory of ontological relativity. It examines the philosophy that as humans we are able to seek meaning and we are able to define meaning in a human way. This paper also discusses how by asserting the conditions of objective indeterminacy and the conservation of empirical purity we are unable to define what is human and any attempt to classify, define or embody meaning at any capacity is just an attempt at self deception according to Quine. Additionally, this paper explores the perspective that is embodied within Quine's understanding of the following terms he refers to as; Indeterminacy of translation, Objective indeterminacy, Inscrutability of reference and the way in which these terms operations affect other apparatuses such as individuation and ostension.

From the Paper
"Quine opens his argument by discussing the various attempts at defining meaning in the past. He makes mention of 'mental entities', 'platonic ideas' or 'mental museums' and quickly dismisses these concepts claiming they have all made the error of assumption. The assumption being that these concepts require an already existent language and understanding of that language. To the extent that they are required for the construction of organized thoughts/concepts and the manner in which their meaning would be construed to another person would require that person to also have a perfect working knowledge of that language. This is where Quine raises the term 'Indeterminable translation'. Although the aforementioned example would require only homophonic translation, this is fundamentally no different Quine says to Heterophonic translation. As it is his belief that translations of any sort are fallible and thus indeterminable."

Tags:humans, asserting, conditions, objective, indeterminacy

Abstract
This paper explains that while we talk of observation as the evidential basis of science, Quine thinks that the notion of observation is too unclear to be helpful. The paper continues that evidential support of science therefore, comes down to a relation of stimulation to scientific theory. The author refutes that observation is relative to linguistic, professional or cultural communities, rather than to the whole speech community.

From the Paper
"An observation sentence may be holophrastic, or consist of a single noun or adjective thought of as a sentence, such as "Sunny", "Cloudless", or "Rabbit" in place of the previously mentioned sentences. We may use conjunction to form further observation sentences from more primitive ones, or we may compound them by predication. From "Flower" and "Pink", we can form "This flower is pink". Equivalently, in terms of stimulus meaning, we could say "Pink flower" but we get a stronger connection than that through predication. The conjunction gets confirmation when stimulation by something in the scene confirms each of its component observation sentences. Predication however focuses the two observations, requiring them to coincide or overlap. For "This flower is pink", pink must encompass the flower; but it could extend beyond, the relation not being symmetric."

Tags:holophrastic, symmetric, observation, evidence, community

Abstract
The following is an essay and analysis on W.V. Quine's central arguments in his work titled "Two Dogmas of Empiricism". In particular, this paper will focus on the argument that maintains that there can be no analytic truths with out some consideration of synthetic variables as well. In short, it is argued that synthetic factors have a determining impact in shaping what we have traditionally regarded as 'analytic'. Thus, a consideration and analysis of what Quine regards as 'analytic' and 'synthetic' becomes a central concern.

Tags:analytic, synthetic, truths

Abstract
This paper discusses several of the court cases that were impacted by Roe v. Wade, with an emphasis on Sternberg v. Carhart. The initial law established by Roe v. Wade is evaluated and subsequent cases and their effect on women's reproductive rights is further examined. These issues include first and second trimester abortions and partial-birth abortions. The paper analyzes the opinions of the Supreme Court justices who heard Sternberg v. Carhart, and the court's ultimate decision.

Outline:
Introduction
Background
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), established that a woman's right to privacy extended to reproductive health and guaranteed that women had a right to abortion. This right to an abortion was not an unlimited right, but was the result of weighing the rights of the mother against the rights of the unborn child. Therefore, the Roe court determined that a woman had a virtually unlimited right to an abortion in the first and second trimesters, prior to fetal viability, but that a state could place restrictions on a woman's right to an abortion after a fetus was viable, in the third trimester. Id., 163-165. However, the Roe court acknowledged that medical advances might change the scope of the decision, especially in regards to Roe's trimester divisions. Id."

Tags:abortion, reproductive, rights, Sternberg, v., Carhart, Roe, v., Wade

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the reigns of Charles V, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire to that of Murad III, ruler of the Ottoman empire. The author states that the men were vastly different from one another. But despite their differences, there are many similarities in the reigns of Charles V and Murad III, as both men were mediocre leaders who achieved limited success in their roles. While both men certainly faced difficult circumstances during their rules, the paper describes them as also helping to orchestrate their own failings through personal weaknesses and poor decisions. The author concludes that Charles V and Murad III had similar results: both men left their empires weaker then they found them, and both men helped initiate or expand the process by which their empires decayed.

Outline:
Military Miscues
Unwise Policy Decisions
Underappreciated Threats
Worse than They Found It
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Murad III, quite similarly, was challenged by internal and external forces, which largely went unchecked as he withdrew from affairs of state. Internally, he faced dissatisfaction publicly and within his inner circle as his harem exerted significant influence over political decisions. Further, his unwise monetary policy led to a revolt among his soldiers. Externally, the growth of the Ottoman Empire dove into stagnation during his rule, and the once-invincible military showed weakness during its conflicts with Persia and Austria."

Tags:Charles, V, Holy, Roman, Empire, Ottoman, Empire, Murad, III

Abstract
This paper is a biography on W.E.B. Du Bois. It deals with the Du Bois' importance and significance to American History. In this article, the writer focuses on Du Bois' public life. The writer also discusses Du Bois' idealogy and his ideas regarding civil rights.

From the Paper
"According to David Levering Lewis in his book 'W.E.B. Du Bois The Fight for Equality and the American Century', William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was born in Massachusetts. Du Bois was graduated from Fisk University and Harvard University and studied two years at the University of Berlin. He was the first black American to receive the degree of doctor of philosophy from Harvard. Du Bois founded the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American leaders committed to an.. "

Tags:Biography, W.E.B Du Bois, racial activist, Crisis, Niagara Movement, founder NAACP, socialist, segregation, Booker T. Washington, Pan African movement, exile

Abstract
This paper is a biography of Charles V, Emperor of Europe, one of the most important rulers in European history. The paper describes Charles V's historical significance and how he affected the Renaissance and the Reformation. The paper also includes references to his family and blood line.

From the Paper
"Emperor Charles V was one of the most important ruling personalities in European history. The lottery of birth placed Charles at the center of a genealogical network that covered half of Europe. His father Philip was Duke of Burgundy. His grandfather was Emperor Maximilian of Austria. His mother Joanna was daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand, Spain's Catholic monarchs."

Tags:Charles V, emperor, pope, Holy Roman emperor, catholic, reformation, Martin Luther, Muslin, Turkish invasion, sack of Rome, German princes, Protestants, renaissance.

Abstract
This paper is an analysis of the themes of the novel, "As I Lay Dying" by W. Faulkner. It looks at Faulkner's creation of an innovative structure to tell his story that reinforces the novel's major themes. The paper also looks at the use of multiple narratives of different narrators.

From the Paper
"Expanding on the modernist tradition of utilizing stream-of-consciousness narratives to capture human consciousness and perceptions of reality, Faulkner created an innovative structure in his compelling rendition of the transportation of Addie Bundren's ..."

Tags:As I Lay Dying, W. Faulkner

Abstract
This paper analyzes the V-Chip technology from a public policy point of view, with focus on its impact on juvenile crime. The paper opens by describing how juvenile crime is on the rise and how many feel there is a link between television violence and juvenile crime. The author then discusses how and why the V-Chip was developed as part of a public policy allowing parents to control access to television programs by their children. The paper then shifts to an evaluation of the technology, why it hasn't been successful, and why it's not a good public policy to be mandated by the government. The author closes by offering some suggestions as to how juvenile crime can be reduced by treating the underlying causes.

Tags:v, chip, crime