Abstract
This paper studies the American poet Walt Whitman (1819-1892), one of the first to embrace uniquely American themes, styles and literary concerns. This paper examines Whitman's unique poetic voice and personal philosophy of poetry in order to show how Whitman established the first uniquely American voice within poetry, one separate from the mostly pre-Victorian and Victorian-inspired poetic styles, forms and themes of earlier American poets. The paper also explicates two sets of Whitman's free-verse poems: (1) Three of his earliest poems from "Leaves of Grass" (1855) and (2) four of his later Civil War poems, written from 1861-1865. Together these poems demonstrate how far Whitman had moved beyond British influence, to become the great innovator of modern American poetry.

From the Paper
"Within America before the Civil War, American literature most often closely imitated writing styles, tones and even thematic concerns of both past and present British authors. Before the poetry of Whitman in particular, American poets like Bradstreet, Taylor, Bryant, Wheatley, and others adopted British verse forms and other poetic conventions, shaping them to their own artistic voices and concerns within the New World. In several of Puritan poet Anne Bradstreet's poems that were either to or about her husband or children for example, Bradstreet closely imitated the metaphysical style of John Donne. The expansive, flowing, and exuberant free-verse works of Walt Whitman, which did none of that, may therefore be considered the first truly American poetry, reflecting, as it does, influences, moods, concerns, ways of expression, and social and political movements within American itself, and nowhere else, with a new and unique style and forms."

Tags:civil, war, voice, style, prose, poem, leaves, of, grass, literature, victorian

Abstract
In this essay, the voice of the narrator in Wilfred Owen's World War I poem "Futility" is explicated. Three of the aspects of the poet/narrator's voice that are examined are his gentleness, his tiredness, and his anger. Each of these qualities is used to show the fuller picture of the poem and of what Owen is trying to say and describe about death, war, and the world in which he lived.

From the Paper
"In the chapter of 'Introduction to Literature, Criticism, and Theory' on the topic of voice, Andrew Bennett and Nicholas Royle make the claim that literature is "the space in which, more than anywhere else, the power, beauty and strangeness of the voice is both evoked and bodied forth". The point that is being made is that in literature, the voice being used to give the information, to tell the tale, to speak to the reader is much more important than the voice used on a cereal box or in a car owner's manual. The person or persons who are the voice are just as much a part of the reading experience as the letters on the page are. As Bennett and Royle add, "reading literary texts involves hearing extraordinary voices"."

Tags:wilfredowen, poetry, voice

Abstract
In this article, the writer considers Mitel and Vonage and their approaches to VOIP (voice over IP). The writer includes future outlook of integrated voice messaging services, and future trends. The writer looks at the two different business models of the companies.

From the Paper
"When the Internet moved from educational institutions and government departments into more widespread use it was largely a text-based medium. Today advances in telecommunications and bandwidth make it possible for much more information to be sent over the Internet far more quickly than in the past. Voice over Internet protocol or VOIP has gained a high level of acceptance as companies and individuals take advantage of the speed and quality of voice transmission and also benefit from a lower cost structure-particularly ..."

Tags:voip, voice over internet protocol, vonage, mitel, telecommunications

Abstract
This paper studies the life and works and accomplishments of Ralph Waldo Emerson. It studies his essay "The Poet" and describes his idealistic vision of the life of a poet. It also describes the 19th-century artistic and philosophical movement called transcendentalism that he founded. Throughout this paper, the author compares Emerson's ideals to Walt Whitman's "Song of Myself." It also examines Ralph Waldo Emerson's strong influence and effect on American society.

From the Paper
"Ralph Waldo Emerson's idealized and mesmerizing description of the role and life of the poet in his essay "The Poet" describes not only the particular calling and obligation of those who choose to follow the poetic muses but "also because of Emerson's own influence on the writings of Americans who followed him" proved to be a strongly proscriptive piece of advice for other poets and writers in the decades after Emerson helped to found the 19th-century artistic and philosophical movement called Transcendentalism. The Transcendentalists defined themselves by their belief in a highly idealistic and fundamentally coherent system of belief in the essential unity of all things on earth "the connection of each thing to its neighbor" as well as a belief in the absolute importance of personal experience and insight (as opposed to knowledge and beliefs gained through formal logic and formal education) and the essential goodness of humanity."

Tags:Ralph, Waldo, Emerson, Poet, sing, life, Whitman, Walt, Transcendentalism, artistic, movement.

Abstract
This paper discusses that there are many reasons why the wealthy have a greater voice in America, and one of the most significant of them is campaign finance laws. The writer points out that these enable wealthy Americans to have much greater influence in political and governmental affairs because these laws allow them to contribute huge amounts of money to political candidates, who then feel obligated to lower taxes on the wealthiest Americans and pass laws favorable to big business owners, bankers, and stock market investors.

From the Paper
"Ultimately, the candidates who raise the most campaign money from wealthy contributors are the likeliest to get elected, where they will be in the position to reward their wealthy contributors with favorable legislation."

Tags:wealthy, voice

Abstract
The paper looks at four articles that address the strategies presently being employed in the ongoing effort to help voice output communications assist those who are severely disabled or handicapped in some way. After briefly discussing the pertinent aspects and findings of each study, the paper briefly concludes by noting how the writer of this summary would apply these technologies to the educational environment within which he operates.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at four articles that address the strategies presently being employed in the ongoing effort to help voice output communications assist those who are severely disabled or handicapped in some way. After briefly discussing the pertinent aspects and findings of each study, the paper will briefly conclude by noting how the writer of this summary would apply these technologies to the educational environment within which he operates."

Tags:voice, output, communications

Abstract
This essay discusses how Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "Mother and Poet" blurs the binarism of the domestic custodian and the public crusader. The very title itself blurs the boundaries between the two roles, because both of them intersect along certain lines. Each role needs the other to be effective. Isolated, each role becomes rooted in failure and tragedy.

Tags:mother, and, poet

Abstract
This paper compares Chaucer and the Pearl poet in terms of religious expression and secular elements, showing that the two reflect some of the same themes and concerns about society. It looks at how Chaucer is more openly critical of the way the clergy of his time behaves, while the Pearl poet is more concerned with teaching moral lessons and showing the value of religious belief.

From the Paper
"Critics regard Geoffrey Chaucer as a secular poet, while the Pearl poet is seen primarily as a religious one reflecting the view of Christianity. In fact, though, the two poets are much closer together than this might suggest and address many of the same issues, same types of stories, and same concerns from differing points of view. If critics find Chaucer more secular, that may be because his vision reflects more of the reality of the world around him, so that he shows people with all their passions and faults, while the Pearl poet tends more toward idealized visions of moral attitudes and concepts of honor."

Tags:chaucer, pearl, poet

Abstract
This paper examines how shame and forgiveness operate in family dynamics in Eugene O'Neill's drama "A Touch of the Poet." The paper further explores references to contemporary psychological analysis.

From the Paper
"The principal action of 'A Touch of the Poet' set in rural Boston concerns Ireland-born innkeeper Con Melody's pretensions to English nobility because of his father's wealth in trade. His personal claim to fame is serving as an officer under Wellington against Napoleon. But Con, a rowdy lad who got a servant girl pregnant and had to decamp to America with family in tow after the war to avoid embarrassing his father, has long since fallen on hard times and has solace only in his proud..."

Tags:Touch of the Poet, Eugene O'Neill, familiy dynamics

Abstract
This paper provides a brief discussion of Nigerian poet and novelist Ben Okri, including a listing of his major works and the central themes of his works in novels like "The Famished Road" and "In Arcadia."

From the Paper
"Nigerian poet and novelist, Ben Okri, was schooled in London but returned to Nigeria before returning to England to study at the University of Essex. Considered in the realm of magical realists like Jose Louis Borges, Okri's first novel "Flowers and Sons" was published. Since that time, Okri has produced an impressive array of novels including "The Famished Road" and "In Arcadia", books of poetry like "Mental Fight" a collection of short stories "Stars of the New Curfew" and a book of..."

Tags:African, unity, identity, culture, spiritualism, magical realism, cosmic force, poet, Nigeria, novel