Abstract
This paper discusses the development of quantum mechanics, illustrating its background which began with the classical theory of the atom, continued to Bohr's simple atomic theory, and was developed further with de Broglie's wave theory, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and Schrodinger's equation. To further investigate the development of quantum mechanics, each of these stages are looked at in more detail, showing the main ideas that each stage added to the understanding of the atom. This paper shows that quantum mechanics is based on the combination of the ideas of many scientists, with the final acceptance of quantum theory occurring when Schrodinger's equation tied together previous theories and allowed them to be applied to subatomic particles.

From the Paper
"The classical theory of the atom is based on the model of an atom being made up of a positive nucleus containing protons and neutrons with negatively charged electrons orbiting around this nucleus. This model was first proposed by Rutherford in 1911 who described the atom saying, "Most of the volume of the atom is empty space in which electrons move around the nucleus." This basic model of the atom has been expanded on and used to determine how chemicals react with each other, the charges of chemicals and the physical properties of chemicals. While this has involved expanding the theory, the basic understanding of the structure remains the same."

Tags:bohr, debroglie, heisenberg, schrodinger

Abstract
This essay explains the basis of Quantum Mechanic Theory of the atom, which describes the behavior of electrons in atoms & molecules. The author examines this theory and provides a detailed analysis of it.

From the Paper
"The Quantum Mechanics Theory describes the behavior of electrons in atoms & molecules. Quantum Mechanics is also referred to as Wave Mechanics. The theory of quantum mechanics tells us that in the atom, electron waves are standing waves. This theory was devised by Max Planck in 1901. He stated that light is emitted by the atoms of a luminous body in separate packets or bundles of energy called quanta or photons. One or more of the electrons revolving about the nucleus of an atom can be made to jump from one orbit to another. As they do so one or more photons are emitted. This energy radiates from the luminous body as electromagnetic waves. The energy content of a photon determines the length and frequency of the wave. Wave mechanics views the probability of finding an electron at a given point in space."

Tags:chemistry, physics

Abstract
This paper discusses quantum tunneling, which is a function of quantum-mechanical activity in the instance where a particle moves against potential energy and appears on the other side of the energy barrier. The paper describes the theory behind quantum tunneling. It focuses on the Esaki diode and looks at its potential uses now and in the future.

From the Paper
"While the Esaki diode has not been widely used, its application is nearing widespread use in computers. The diode circuits have been developed and crash programs have been implemented by major computer makers in order to apply it to communications equipment. Yet there still is resistance to the use of these phenomenal little circuits, where currents may be reversed. Some designers and engineers prefer transistors. Proven circuits and solid-state technology that is already acceptable seem to be sufficient, they say. But interest in the diode is so great that they are being forced to try to apply this not-so-new technology to obtain ultra-high speed and ultra-low power consumption in the computer industry. The diode phenomenon dominated 1960 Physics Conferences."

Tags:mechanical, energy, barrier

Abstract
This paper examines the concept and reality of transporter technology and teleportation. It discusses the background of the technology and looks at the problem of future quantum mechanics, particularly in using the information to transport matter. The paper then discusses whether the problems can be solved and if they can, who should finance the investigations.

Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Background information
Problem Statement
Assumptions
Analysis of Alternatives
Detailed Recommendation
Technology Roadmap
What is going to change because of it?
Where Is It Going?
What Will It Disrupt?
What Will It Replace?
Implications
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Technology is still being developed for transporting information and objects, but possibly will never be available for transporting living beings. The teleporting of information is being utilized in space missions today and the ability to teleport matter is still being worked on, so that some day we may be able to transfer objects from one place to another by sending it from one "telepod" to another. But the reality is far from the imagination which created the concept of transporting humans instantaneously in the adventures filmed on 'Star Trek' decades ago, or in the film "The Fly," which was filmed in the 1950's."

Tags:matter, telepod, atoms

Abstract
This paper examines how, for many who lack a strong grounding in math and science, the two are often associated as being the same. The purpose of this paper is to define mathematics and science, showing them as two distinct fields of inquiry and then to show how advances in theoretical mathematics contribute the framework needed for scientists in the study of quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, which in turn, is one of the many branches of science.

Outline
Introduction
Mathematics
Science
Quantum Mechanics
Mathematics and Quantum Mechanics
Science and Quantum Mechanics

From the Paper
"Finally, applied mathematics is a term loosely applied to a range of studies which have significant use in the sciences, specifically the empirical sciences, (branches of science open to practical or experiential experimenting). Applied mathematics makes use of numerical methods and computer science, seeking concrete solutions to explicit mathematical problems. In science and technology it has a major use as a way to model and/or simulate natural phenomenon or events. Examples include using mathematical models in computer generated wind tunnel tests to predict the behavior of a given shape of a prototype airplane wing without resorting to expensive actual wind tunnel testing."

Tags:quantum, mechanics, technology

Abstract
This paper explores the metaphysics of Newtonian space-time, with the aim to discover the true meaning of Newton's three laws of motion. The common misconception is that the "universal" laws pertain to a universal and objective reality, whereas they pertain to nothing more than a certain method of setting up experiments, and this the paper aims to establish. It also shows how this throws light on the interpretation of quantum mechanics, and then draws significant parallels between classical physics and the modern philosophy of existentialism.

From the Paper
"Newton's laws of motion have a subtext that always escapes scrutiny at the first instance. This is Newtonian space-time, the metaphysical framework that underpins the laws. This framework consists of three spatial dimensions, chalked out as perpendicular to each other and emerging from a unique origin of coordinates. This is Cartesian space. If we add to this the extra dimension of linear time we obtain Newtonian space-time. The laws of motion make sense only when we assume them to be taking place in Newtonian space-time. And when we add the epithet "universal" to the three laws of motion then we have underhandedly made Newtonian space-time infinite in all 6 dimensional directions and have mapped this framework to reality."

Tags:quantum, mechanics, laws, of, motion, universal, existentialism

Abstract
This paper introduces and explains several theories in physics, such as the M theory, string theory, quantum mechanics, and general relativity theory. It presents them in layman's terms and explains how these theories all work (or don't work) together.

From the Paper
"Quantum mechanics or the quantum field theory has worked well to describe the known behaviors and properties of particles of the Planck length or very small particles. General Relativity works with large objects like planets and galaxies. However the theories only works when one of the two theories can be neglected. General relativity has explained a lot about the universe, the evolution of stars, the orbits of planets, and best-known theory "the Big Bang". It also shows how black holes and gravitational forces work. However, the General relativity theory only works on its own and when we think of the universe in traditional matter because of the fact that quantum mechanics dose not comply the description of General Relativity. The two work well to explain the theories they were set up to explain however the do not work together. String theory was then conceived to explain the how Quantum Mechanics, the really small stuff, and General Relativity, the really large stuff, works together."

Tags:einstein, field, general, mechanics, physics, quantum, relativity, string, theoretical, theory, unified

Abstract
This paper expounds the "Theory of Everything," starting with the pioneering theories of Newton's "Laws of Motion" and Einstein's "General Theory of Relativity," developing right through to the cutting-edge "string theory" research currently being conducted around the world today. It shows the importance of fields of study as seemingly diverse as calculus, differential geometry, electromagnetism, particle physics and quantum mechanics to the development of a "Theory of Everything."

From the Paper
"However, there is a fundamental discord between Einstein's "Theory of General Relativity" and quantum mechanics. Einstein saw the universe in four dimensions (the three dimensions of space plus time). The gravitational force that binds matter to the earth stems from this space-time continuum. Since quantum mechanic's subatomic particles only exist theoretically, they cannot be located in space-time and their motion can only be hypothesized. Thus, we have two theories that work individually but not together. There are also many unanswered questions. Relativity cannot tell us how the big bang created the universe or what black holes consist of. Similarly, quantum theory is not able to make order or sense of the assortment of miniscule matter it describes."

Tags:calculus, differential, einstein, electromagnetism, geometry, gravity, mechanics, motion, newton, particle, physics, quantum, relativity, string

Abstract
Discusses Classical Turing Machines. Their relationship to quantum computing and Quantum Turing Machines. Defines a Turing Machine, what it does and compares present day computing to the Turing Machine. Quantum computational approaches. Quantum mechanics. Major results associated with quantum computing. The Turing Machine as a theoretical model. Its use in science. Recursive functions.

From the Paper
"Abstract

An overview is presented that investigates Classical Turing Machines and their relationship to quantum computing and Quantum Turing Machines. The examination begins by exploring the original work of Alonzo Church and Alan Turing, defining what is a Turing Machine, and discussing the differences between recursion and interation and how this relates to the overall debate on comparing present day digital computing to the Turing Machine.

Because the Turing Machine is a theoretical contrivance, it still has limitations placed upon it that can be generally overcome by considering quantum computational approaches. In order to understand quantum computing, one must first become familiar with the basics of quantum mechanics as they relate to this approach."

Abstract
This paper explains that Energy Medicine is based on the concept that there is an energy system operating within the human body, and the manipulation of this energy system can assist in maintaining physical health. The author says that there is a correlation between quantum physics and energy medicine: the belief that matter and energy are the same thing and because of this whatever is good or bad for one part of the body is equally good or bad for any other part of the body. The paper presents in detail the various modalities of Energy Medicine. The author includes writings of experts such as Gary Zucav.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Defining Quantum Theory
Quantum Physics, relation to Energy Medicine
What is Energy Medicine
Types of Energy Medicine
Ayurvedic Medicine
Magnetic Therapy
Bioenergetic Fields (Acupuncture)
Auras and Discharges
Quantum Mechanics
The Assemblage Point
Advantages and Disadvantages of Energy Medicine
Which Mind-Body-Spirit Modalities Best Relate to Harmonizing Total Well-Being
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Energy Medicine is based on the concept that there is an energy system that operates within the human body. It is believed that the manipulation of this energy system can assist in the area of physical health. Supporters of energy medicine hold that energy and matter is the same thing; and if energy and matter are the same thing than every part of the body is connected to the other parts of the body. Energy medicine dictates that the mind, body and spirit are interconnected and thus if one part is effected all the parts are effected. This is very different from traditional medicine, which believes that the body is a collection of parts and that the mind and body are separate. "

Tags:human, body, spirit, mind, matter, biological, acupuncture, ?lan, vital, ayurveda, magnetic, zucav, epicenter, assemb