Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the WorldHealthOrganization (W.H.O.) has an explicitly delineated aim of promoting worldhealth and overall social good. But, the writer points out, as the state of worldhealth is in constant change, the organization has changed as well. The writer discusses that under its new director, the W.H.O. organization has attempted to reformulate and regroup to better meet contemporary international health demands. The writer then examines when analyzing changes to the bureaucratic structure, as seen through G. Burrell and G. Morgan's four paradigms for the analysis of social theory, what perspective the new leader really subscribes to and whether his viewpoint is really so new, after all.
From the Paper "The Radical Humanist Paradigm or subjective-radical change rubric is equally subjective, but has a more assertively political rather than psychological focus. Social theorists from this paradigm are mainly concerned with analyzing perceived social constraints and to liberate human beings so they can realize their full potential. Dominant ideologies and organizations are not rational, nor inevitable; rather they only separate people from their individual identity. The contrasting Radical Structuralist Paradigm or objective-radical change paradigm supports organizational expansion and sees people as groups rather than as individuals. It believes that inherent structural conflicts within society perpetuates inequities and generate constant political and economic crises that are not inevitable or rational. Change is rational, not upholding the status quo."
Abstract The paper discusses how the WorldHealthOrganization makes use of qualitative as well as quantitative research to address problems such as malaria containment and the health and psychological consequences of the tsunami in East Asia. The paper points out the different approaches to conducting qualitative research that were employed in the malaria and tsunami studies.
From the Paper "Interviewers are trained "to assess the specific control interventions planned" for different countries in the area of malaria containment ("Training workshop on Methods for Evaluation of Pilot Intervention Studies of the Malaria Control for Ethnic Minorities in the Greater Mekong Subregion Project," 2006, WHO). Persons in the field are also trained so WHO can deploy both "qualitative and quantitative methods" and a drive to recruit local interviewers is crucial because currently access to such anecdotal data is limited, "especially in qualitative methods"."
Abstract This paper discusses the World Trade Organization. The WTO is the most influential body regarding trade, trade relationships, and trade disputes in the world. While the US is obviously one of its leading members, it has not been the dominant force in this organization that it has in other major international organizations. Although only organized since 1995, the WTO also has its roots in the post World War II era.
From the Paper "The WTO is the follow-on organization to GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) that guided international trade since the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 attempted to form the International Trade Organization (Condon, 2002). While the ITO was never successful due primarily to US lobbying, GATT guided world trade matters until the Uruguay Round in 1995 created the..."
Abstract This paper discusses the World Trade Organization. Amongst other things the paper discusses its structure, role, the controversies surrounding it and how the World Trade Organization can be improved.
Abstract This paper considers the issues and pros and cons associated with the World Trade Organization. It also includes a discussion of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank and their relationship to the WTO.
From the Paper "The World Trade Organization WTO is an international organization that is both widely vilified and also widely misunderstood. Some of its most vocal critics are unclear on what the WTO actually can-and cannot-do ..."
Tags: WTO, world trade organization, international monetary fund, world bank
Abstract This paper discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) its mission, roles and functions. The paper also discusses the WTO's influence as an international financial institution, the impact of political factors on the WTO and its relationship to the IMF and the World Bank.
From the Paper "Although the World Trade Organization (WTO) is in the news frequently, its actual roles and functions are misunderstood by many in the business and political arenas. It is considered to have both more and less influence by its supporters and critics alike than it actual possesses, yet it exists as a palpable and critical force in international commerce today. Its role as an international financial institution is influenced by its role as a political force and its decisions and policies..."
Abstract The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established by the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and introduced an important new phase into the development of international trade regulation. This paper discusses the origin, history, function and organizational structure of the WTO.
From the Paper "For the first time in history, an international trade organization established a regulatory and judicial structure through which it could regulate virtually every aspect of global trade. The WTO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and is headed by a biennial Ministerial Conference. Operations are overseen by a Director-General, who heads the Secretariat, and by the General Council, which comprised of representatives of each member state and meets as required to take action on issues brought forward by either the Trade Policy Review Body or the Dispute Settlement Body."
Abstract This report outlines three separate news articles which detail the September 10th, 2003 World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting in Cancun, Mexico. The articles, from Europe, North America and Asia, provide different glimpses and aspects of that one day. The paper notes that all three writers agree on their distrust towards the WTO, and are negative regarding outcomes from the meeting. Each article is discussed in-depth.
From the Paper "On Wednesday, September 10th of 2003, a World Trade Organization meeting occurred in Cancun, Mexico to discuss issues of trade and tourism. Cancun is a popular tourist resort. Three separate articles from around the globe, namely Europe, North America and Asia, recorded this event from varying details. Around the world, there is a prevailing sense of disillusionment and distrust towards the WTO, at least as expressed via these three articles. Of the three, there was not one that held a positive view towards the Cancun meeting, a fact which is made even more significant by the vastness of subject matter relating to this event. One article takes the reader through the.."
This well-researched paper examines the alarming rise in traffic related accidents, injuries and fatalities in the U.S., as well as the resources available to improve the current conditions.
Abstract The writer of this paper analyzes the issue of traffic and road safety as a public health issue. This paper contains relevant statistics and data regarding traffic and road related injuries and fatalities. This paper examines the various options and strategies available to combat these traffic related accidents which kill 1.2 million people each year and injure between 20-50 million more. The writer contends that traffic safety is a fundamental public health issue and substantial resources are allocated to identify safety problem areas and ensure safety measures are implemented. This paper delves into the joint report on road safety issued by the WorldHealthOrganization and the World Bank which presented key facts and figures on which they framed their overall approach to this particular public health issue. This paper details various approaches to reducing the number of fatalities and injuries including a workable systems approach as well as action plans that involve the government, the public health sector, vehicle manufacturers, communities, civil society groups and private citizens.
Table of Contents:
Background
Proposed Methods
Bibliography
From the Paper "The Vision Zero Programme in Sweden and the sustainable safety programme implemented in the Netherlands were examples of what could be designed and implemented to encourage more walking and cycling reduce dependence on motorized transportation, thus also reduce pollution and environmental wastes. The public health sector could collect and analyze data on injuries in order to demonstrate their impact; research on risk factors; implement, monitor and evaluate interventions; deliver appropriate primary intervention, care and rehabilitation; and advocate for greater attention to the issue. A particular society or country could design its own systems approach to emphasize the actual conditions of its environment and the use of roads and vehicles, beyond re-educating or motivating motorists and pedestrians."
Abstract This paper examines the work of the WorldHealthOrganization, which has achieved many successes in assisting people all over the world to attain the highest possible level of health. The author recommends that the Canadian government increase its support of the WHO to improve the provision of healthcare services throughout the international community.
From the Paper "The World Health Organization has been successful because of its decades of experience identifying international health assistance priorities, and its addressing of these priorities through six core WHO functions. My study confirms that WHO has provided international leadership on critical health issues and has engaged in partnerships when and where joint action has been needed. Its leadership has shaped the research agenda and has stimulated the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable healthcare knowledge, and has established setting norms and standards, while promoting and monitoring their implementation. (WHO)
"Furthermore, the WHO has articulated ethical and evidence-based policy options, has provided technical support, has catalyzed change, has built sustainable institutional capacity, has monitored international health conditions, and has assessed health trends in every region of the world. (WHO) In the process, this IGO has acquired vast and immensely valuable experience in dealing with global health and healthcare issues, and thus deserves increased support from Canada."
Abstract This paper takes a critical look at the website of the WorldHealthOrganization. It concludes that the site is poorly designed and does not reflect a positive image of the organization. While it does house useful information, the navigation is not consistent, logical or user friendly. Some useful suggestions for improvement are made.
Abstract The paper shows how the definition of health and wellness is reflected in various issues of life. Among the issues covered: Health Values, Beliefs, Assets and Practices (which incorporates personal responsibility, compassion and community responsibility and professionalism), today's health concerns and goals of the health profession.
From the Paper "When health care personnel work with the patient's beliefs, rather than alongside them, the outcomes are usually more victorious, measured not only in patient satisfaction but also in ease for the medical team in managing the patient and family. People in some cultures rely on home remedies to indulgence their illnesses rather than on pharmaceutical drugs. When prescribing drugs to patients of another culture, it is sensible to be aware that patients may resist taking the medication. Such unwillingness may be influenced by religious beliefs and practices. In addition, in some cultures, it is believed that illness (and recovery) is God's will."
Abstract Examines ethical standards established by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of HealthOrganizations, with a focus on patient welfare and rights, a critique of utilitarianism, bioethics and nursing practice.
From the Paper "GOOD PRACTICE IS GOOD ETHICS IS GOOD MANAGEMENT POLICY": APPLICATION OF THE JCAHO ETHICAL REQUIREMENTS
Introduction
The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Organizations (JCAHO) establishes standards for health organizations that cover a wide spectrum of operations and responsibilities. One area for which standards are established by the JCAHO is ethics. Ethical standards for health organizations apply to clinical practice, research, and all other aspects of the management of health organizations (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Organizations, 1996c).
To be accredited by the JCAHO, a health organization must be rated satisfactory on an assessment of the organization conducted by the JCAHO. This assessment covers all JCAHO ..."
Abstract This paper looks at the World Trade Organization, or WTO and debates whether or not the WTO has a positive effect on the world. The author takes the position that one needs a place to take disputes and set regulations for the international economy.
From the Paper "The World Trade Organization, which was created in 1995, was the biggest reform of international trade since 1948. During the previous years, international commerce had been organized under GATT, which established a multilateral trading system. However, by the 1980s major restructuring was needed. The Uruguay Round brought about that overhaul. It was the largest trade negotiation ever."
Abstract The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the international institution that is most closely linked to the processes of globalization and as such is at the center of some of the most contentious debates of our time. This essay examines the development of the World Trade Organization over time with specific reference to its operations in terms of reducing inequality in the global economy.
