Abstract
The paper is a basic outline of the construction of the pyramids. It describes Ancient Egypt and the various tools they used during its construction. The main discussion is on theories scientists and architects have proposed regarding how they were built.

Outline:
Introduction
Construction of the pyramids
Various Ramp style theories
Alternate theory- built with no ramps
The broken Vase Theory
Construction Utilizing Large Labor Force was Plausible
Architecture of the Pyramids

From the Paper
"Ancient Egyptians had the wheel technology and may have used them in building the pyramids by moving heavy stones. They also used pulleys to raise their boats' sails and could have used them in lifting stones to higher levels.
"The true pyramid is a natural development and improvement on the earliest form of pyramids, the step pyramid, consisting of several steps. The first true pyramids were introduced in at the beginning of the 4th dynasty. The structure of these pyramids is virtually the same as a step pyramid. Packing blocks are stacked until the dimensions were right, and then finishing blocks (usually limestone) were the last touch (Winston )."

Tags:ancient egypt, history, pyramids

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the formal and cultural dimensions of the pyramids at Giza and the Louvre. The Great Pyramid of Giza as one of the wonders of the ancient world, and I.N. Pei's pyramid that serves as the entrance to the Louvre Museum are discussed.

From the Paper
"A pyramid is not a pyramid is not a pyramid to paraphrase Gertrude Stein". Even monumental pyramids vary greatly one from the other as we can see if we compare the grand pyramid that I M Pei created to serve as an entrance to the Louvre Museum in Paris and the ..."

Tags:giza, pyramid, I.M. Pei, Louvre

Abstract
This paper discusses how ancient Egypt was one of these first civilizations and how the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt were the first real kings in the world and because they were so powerful, they had the ability to build such astonishing structures such as the great pyramids. It discusses how the Egyptian pyramids are the oldest stone buildings in the world, standing for nearly 5,000 years and how their size, strength and age is the reason pyramids fascinate people to this day. It describes how the Egyptian pyramids were built as tombs for the pharaohs and were said to be the pharaoh's "Castle of Eternity" in order to preserve their bodies for the next life. It examines the architecture, the design, the materials and the strict criteria to which they had to conform as well as the logisitics of how they were built at the time.

From the Paper
"The base of the pyramid had to be a perfect square. This meant that all four sides had to be perfectly even in length. All four angles would have to be perfect right angles. This would prove to be difficult for the large distances that had to be measured. Each side of the Great Pyramid is measured at 755 feet in length. The Egyptians didn't have measuring tapes like we have today. They made these measurements with cords of palm-fiber or flax-fiber, which tended to stretch when used to measure such distances. After this the base would finally be ready for the start of construction. While the base was being prepared and measured stone was already being quarried and brought down the river to be placed near the proposed sight for the pyramid (Pace, Mildred)."

Tags:egypt, pharoah, death, ka, mummy, stone

Abstract
This paper is an examination of the purposes and construction of the Great Pyramids. It looks at the connection between the afterlife and pyramids and their purpose as a demonstration of power and influence. It also discusses the mysterious nature of the construction of the pyramids.

Abstract
The paper looks at how various researchers define the way that the pyramids were theoretically built, providing insight as to how workers must have lifted the heavy stones up the pyramid's steps. The paper discusses in detail the physical construction of the pyramids to show how these monuments were built by laborers.

Tags:workers, builders, ancient

Abstract
The pyramids are the very symbol of Egypt and represent a rich and exciting history of this once great nation. This paper details each pyramid constructed in Egypt from the first one built, to the last one of the 4th Dynasty. The paper includes the history of the creation of pyramids and some information about mummification, as well as the philosophies behind them.

From the Paper
"Often times, a pharaoh had what was called a "southern burial." The southern burial had two purposes. First, the body would be buried in a pyramid in the north. It was believed that the soul or "ka" would then travel south to Abydos where the unused tomb, or cenotaph was (Brier 99). This was figurative of the reunion of Upper and Lower Egypt, which was highly celebrated by Egyptians. In addition, it served as a decoy for the real burial chamber to throw off tomb robbers".

Tags:archaeology, giza, imhotep, isis

Abstract
This paper discusses the development of the pyramids. The paper describes the various stages the Egyptian architects went through before finally achieving the famous pyramids at Giza.

Abstract
The paper discusses the functions of pyramids and platforms of old and relates them to today's skyscrapers and the cities that surround them. The paper points out the intentions behind skyscrapers that are to be architectural marvels and a symbol of money and grandeur. The paper asserts that they parallel the ancient world in terms of structure, appearance and a desire to challenge the natural world.

From the Paper
"Though the same author goes on to stress concerns that the Gherkin and its influential owners have had monumental trouble, as of late filling the rented space within the tower, as have others, since the 2001 terrorist attacks in the US, the symbol is still a high flying example of the feats of humanity. Every architect and architectural designer has an overarching goal of someday being involved in the development of a grand skyscraper, despite the fact that their building is in decline, as they prove to be illogical and poor draws for tenancy. The skyscraper is a functional and societal challenge to the elements and to the ability of science and construction to overcome the logical laws of physics. Building materials and the progress of technology have to a large degree been created, refined and manipulated to develop skyscrapers and make them real and manageable realities, regardless of the fact that appearance, rather than function often dictated the whole of the vision and determined the lengths that the monument would go as a symbol of human progress and success."

Tags:wealth, influence, grandeur, architecture, Dubai

Abstract
This paper examines and compares the pyramids of Egypt and those of the ancient Mayan culture, found in Mexico and parts of Central America. In an attempt to explain why these architectural legacies share so many striking similarities in spite of the thousands of years and geographical distances that separated the cultures that produced them, the paper considers what was important to the two civilizations and what it was that they were they trying to accomplish by building these complex and enormous structures.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Egyptians
The Mayans
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Half a world and three thousand years apart, two ancient civilizations built a series of remarkably similar structures shaped like and known as pyramids - or The Pyramids to us latecomers. The Egyptians built theirs in the twenty-sixth century b.c., or earlier, a short distance inland from the west bank of the Nile River; to date, eighty are known to exist. Built between 250 and 800 a.d., the dozen or so Mayan pyramids excavated thus far are located in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala and elsewhere in Central America. The biggest, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, at Giza in Egypt, was originally built to a height of 481 feet (though the top thirty feet have simply disintegrated over time) and was for more than four thousand years the largest man-made structure ever assembled. The Mayan pyramids are somewhat smaller, but imposing nonetheless."

Tags:sophisticated, superstitious, religious, significance, reach, skyward, heavens, stars, gods, height, shape

Abstract
The paper discusses the Stonehenge structure, which is located in Salisbury, England and the Great Pyramid located in Gizeh, Egypt and their hidden purposes. The paper explains that although nobody knows why these structures were built, it is easy to see that these works of art were very important to the people of these societies. The paper asserts that these are important structures in history because of what they tell us about ancient civilizations.

From the Paper
"Stonehenge and The Great Pyramids are two of the most mysterious structures in the world. Even with everything that modern technology has learned about them, there still remains more questions than answers. While it can be seen that these works of art were very important to the people who built them, it is nearly impossible to interpret why exactly they were created. So much time and effort went into each of these objects that they must have had a very special significance for these ancient civilizations. Both of them used very heavy materials, which had to be moved great distances and lifted on high platforms. The amount of manual labor that went into these structures is unheard of by today's standards."

Tags:Egyptian, pharaohs, civilizations