Abstract
The paper relates that philosophers have long sought to reconcile the idea of freedom with the idea of determinism. The paper explains that we are constantly faced with an array of choices and must choose among them, yet we seem at times to make excuses for others based on their experiences, as if the forces pushing them one way or the other were so much greater than any forces we might face. The paper looks at the ideas of Campbell, Frankfurt, Richard Taylor and Ayer and shows how determinism has been given new support in psychology and the sciences as various causal forces are considered for how they may contribute to our actions and to our decisions to take action.

From the Paper
"Philosophers have long sought to reconcile the idea of freedom with the idea of determinism, the division between liberty and necessity, though both cannot be true at the same time, though some find circumstances under which they can. Campbell, for instance, differentiates between internal and external actions, finding that free will is necessary for there to be morality but that free will can be identified as internal, choices as to what to do and what is right. He also sees free will to be expressed in the strength of will needed to resist external influences, and the free will he says is necessary is the freedom to act for or against a moral decision. Frankfurt also sees free will as an internal matter and indeed holds that it must be found in the deep self."

Tags:Campbell, Frankfurt, Taylor, Ayer, necessity, free, will, decisions, choices

Abstract
This paper discusses Jane Eyre's need for freedom and equality in the book 'Jane Eyre.' At the start of the story, Jane is thought of as being simply a dependent, and therefore is neither free nor equal to those around her. Throughout the novel Jane experiences various degrees of freedom and various forms of equality, but it is not until she finds both simultaneously, and under her own terms, that can she be truly content with her life. By the end of the book she has found all she needs in life.

From the Paper
"In the book 'Jane Eyre', by Charlotte Bront, the title character undergoes a lifelong struggle to find freedom and equality in Victorian society. Throughout the novel Jane experiences various degrees of freedom and various forms of equality, but it is not until she finds both simultaneously, and under her own terms, can she be truly content with her life. Jane's dilemma stems from her expanding definitions of freedom and equality, for due to her restless nature, each new taste of independence soon leaves her hungry for more."

Tags:Jane, Eyre, Charlotte, Bronte, Victorian, society, freedom, equality, independence

Abstract
The computer age has produced renewed debate pertaining to questions of freedom and speech, as opposed to censorship. This discussion ventures to explain how the advent of the so-called Information Age does not really alter the dynamics of a longstanding question, or rather a set of questions, that have been basic to political theory among other of the social sciences. Two articles selected from The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, on radically different topics, help to reveal certain approaches to all questions of communications, the media, and the 'post-modern' age, within academic research. These materials are examined en route to sections that focus directly on issues of the internet and freedom of expression.

Tags:freedom, of, expression

Abstract
The following paper discusses both sides of both issues of the Maynard vs. Wooley case. In 1969, the New Hampshire legislature approved a law that obligated most non-commercial motor vehicle license plates to display the state motto ?Live free or die.? This act of the state was intended to promote appreciation of state individualism, history, and pride, and on a more practical level to distinguish passenger New Hampshire license plates from others. George and Maxine Maynard, two devoted Jehovah?s Witnesses residing in New Hampshire, however, were offended by the statement that conflicted with their religious and moral beliefs. Finding the statement objectionable, the couple covered then later cut out the words from the plate, believing that displaying them would be equal to an affirmation and open endorsement of the statement. Their refusal to carry the motto on their plate violated New Hampshire statutes RSA 262:27-c and RSA 263:1 that required the display of the motto on all non-commercial plates and outlawing any deliberate obscuration of or damage done to the motto. The Maynards objected to the fines and charges against him, and the case went to the New Hampshire state court, where the judge ruled in their favor. The interests of the people were put at risk for the pursuit of a state interest that was relatively quite insignificant and could be achieved in less drastic means. The author discusses the Supreme Court?s final ruling that chose to place priority on personal freedoms and rights.

From the Paper
"A great deal of the case focused on the state's violation of the First Amendment, which protects the Maynards" freedom of religion and speech, and of the Fourteenth Amendment, which provides that the citizens? rights cannot be infringed on by the state. The Maynards believed, and later the greater part of the Court agreed in Justice Burger's opinion, that the N.H. statute R.S.A 262:27-c itself was unconstitutional because it ?forces an individual, as part of his daily life - constantly while his automobile is in public view - to be an instrument for fostering public adherence to an ideological point of view he finds unacceptable. In doing so, the State "invades the sphere of intellect and spirit which it is the purpose of the First Amendment to our Constitution to reserve from all official control."

Tags:district, attorney, constitution, rights, personal, freedom, expression, individual, state

Abstract
This paper shows that the purpose of Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" was clearly to advocate socialism as the only answer to the wage slavery enforced by capitalism. However, the novel suggests that labor unions failed because owners could form even more powerful associations. "The Jungle" points out that the only way that the working man could gain freedom was by restructuring American society, suggesting that socialism was the only way, which seemed to be the theme of the novel. In addition, the paper shows that the depiction of filthy conditions in Chicago's slaughterhouses in this novel alerted the nation of the need to take precautions. The book helped to push the Pure Food and Drug Bill out of a House Committee and to force President Roosevelt to take action. At the same time, a Beef Inspection Act was submitted to the Senate, with Roosevelt's approval. Six months after "The Jungle" was published, the Pure Food and Drug Bill and the Beef Inspection Bill were passed.

From the Paper
"Sinclair explains that Jurgis feels no more his own man than when he was shoveling guts at Brown's, working when he was told to, receiving whatever pay the packers chose to give him. He feels that he is better off committing crimes with Jack Duane, who introduces him to the criminal world of Chicago or buying votes for Mike Scully, an Irishman who is the Democratic boss of Packingtown. Eventually, Jurgis finds Elizbieta and is accepted. Jurgis lands a job as a porter at a hotel run by a Socialist organizer, Tommy Hinds. Things are starting to look up for Jurgis and he feels that he finally has a chance in the world."

Tags:Jurgis, Rudkus, Ona, American, Dream, Antanas

Abstract
The paper reveals that the Tiananmen Square protest and its suppression meant different things to different people. The paper discusses how some Chinese were dissatisfied by what the Chinese Community Party government had been able to achieve, while some opposed a still oppressive government. The paper discusses how for American and other right-wing Western observers, Tiananmen Square seemed to show a predictable Chinese push for democratic reform, as they were certain that millions who lived in the People's Republic of China (PRC) 'obviously' wanted more freedom. The paper shows how this was not accurate, since demands for civil liberties would drop if the PRC could bring fast economic growth.

Outline:
Introduction
A Democratic Demand?
Tiananmen Square
Varied Results
Who were the Demonstrators?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Communist state's crackdown after the Tiananmen Square gathering of more than one million persons, some of them demanding democratic reforms, caught the interest of many followers of the People's Republic of China (PRC). American and other journalists, along with scholars, assumed that the Chinese had had enough of Communist rule as fitted in with Cold War ideas of democracy and capitalism as inevitable, as people would always want them, and the government that refused democratic reform holding its people back. This paper explains that this was not quite what was shown at Tiananmen Square or in its aftermath of state repression."

Tags:communism, democracy, capitalism, demonstration, reforms, suppression

Abstract
This paper examines how the narrator in "Boys and Girls" by Alice Munro begins the story thinking of herself as free: free to do and be whatever she wants. Over the course of the story, however, she realizes that freedom is an illusion and that she will be required to acknowledge and accept society's gender roles whether she resists or not. It looks at how, like Flora, the horse, she yearns to be free and fights against the inevitable, but how, in the end, her fate is sealed, just like Flora's. It shows how Munro is making a point about the nature of our selves and how, although society pushes us in certain directions, we cannot deny the truth of who we essentially are; girls and boys, or men and women, are not the same, and there is no point in pretending we are.

From the Paper
"The ultimate change in the narrator begins when she watches the farm hand Henry shoot Mack, one of the horses she has grown to love. She watches this with the same eyes that have witnessed foxes being skinned all her life, but inside, she feels differently about Mack's death. She cannot help but notice the horror of his death and it affects her, although she doesn't realize it until later. When it is Flora's turn to be killed, the girl is struck by Flora's free spirit: "It was exciting to see her running, whinnying, going up on her hind legs, prancing and threatening like a horse in a Western movie, an unbroken ranch horse, though she was just an old driver, an old sorrel mare" (p. 771). Here, Flora is free, resisting the confines of her assigned role, breaking free of the chains that hold her."

Tags:henry, flora, mack

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as a moderate Democrat and prior Governor of Arkansas, William J. Clinton became the forty-second President of the United States. Clinton entered the White House after winning the 1992 election with his cornerstone philosophy of a New Democrat. The writer points out that Clinton's ideas were of a less domineering government that would promote social, economic, and political success. He served two terms in office and was the first Democrat to do so since Franklin D. Roosevelt. The writer discusses that President Clinton pushed for peace in America, its borders, and throughout the world while also being an activist in the American ideology of freedom. In his last term, the House of Representatives impeached Clinton, which was the second impeachment of a United States president, but he was found not guilty of the charges brought against him.

From the Paper
"After eight years of Clinton trying to find common ground between the liberals and conservatives, a plethora of information has been collected, published, and entangled. John F. Harris captures the presidency of Bill Clinton in a way that is more believable than any other work available. Harris portrays Clinton in a format that neither praises nor accuses on a constant level. Studying the work of Harris places the reader in the same room with Clinton, overhearing every word spoken and seeing every action that Clinton does. Harris gives the facts and statements of Clinton with all the surrounding details and environmental factors that have any input into each situation. The flourishing days of Clinton, as well as the battles and ordeals of his time in office, are given with fair judgments and honest appraisals throughout. In his book, The Survivor, Harris gives an objective view about Clinton's personal life, leadership skills, and philosophies. Harris also remains impartial to the Clinton Administration's accomplishments, success, failures, and consequences."

Tags:government, New, Democrat, change, conservative

Abstract
The paper discusses the Obama-Biden plan that is being pushed as providing affordable, accessible health care for all, and argues that in actuality, it will establish a healthcare system that not only cannot provide for the rich, it will also not provide for the poor. The paper points out the lack of funding for many ideas such as increased cancer screenings, and also explains why investing in healthcare information technology may not produce significant savings. The paper strongly contends that instead of a nationalized system, the free market should address the healthcare system. The paper believes that allowing individuals the freedom to make a profit provides more of an incentive to succeed than any government program will.

From the Paper
"Now that Barack Obama has seized power in Washington by promising 'change', healthcare and government official seems to be taking more seriously the different proposals being floated by the various entities in Washington. Some of these entities include lobby groups, insurance companies and government agencies, many of these groups are looking to guarantee coverage to the almost 45 million individuals currently with little or no medical insurance. There are good reasons behind their desire to do so."

Tags:coverage, insurance, free, market, taxes, access

Abstract
This paper briefly explores the pros and cons of rapidly democratizing Hong Kong despite the marked reluctance of the Chinese government to see this occur. The paper indicates that there are obvious advantages to rapid democratic reform, but also reveals the dangers that lie in pushing for too much, too soon. Finally, the paper concludes that the present "Two Systems" approach in China is ultimately unworkable.

From the Paper
"The matter of democratic reform in Hong Kong has caused much comment for a very long period of time. Despite popular demands for immediate democratic reform, many powerful individuals in the upper stratosphere of government - both in mainland China and in Hong Kong - have resisted calls for change. This paper will examine the arguments for and against immediate democratic reform, as well as taking a closer look at the individuals who are pushing for reform and those who are opposing it."

Tags:hongkong, china, freedom