Abstract
The paper describes how metals exist in the form of minerals in the earth's crust, a metal ore being a highly concentrated mineral form of the metal. The paper explains how extraction of metals from its ore depends upon the quality of the ore and that the ores obtained from the ground contain unwanted impurities called gangue. The paper discusses the various methods of extracting these impurities from the metal.

Table of Contents:
Concentration
a. Gravity Separation or Hydraulic Washing
b. Froth Flotation
c. Magnetic Separation
d. Chemical Separation
Roasting or Calcination
Reduction of Mineral to the Metal
a. Electrolytic Reduction
b. Chemical Reduction (Smelting)
c. Auto-reduction(Smelting)
Refining

From the Paper
In this method, a Wilfley table is used .It is a sloping table and its top is corrugated or riffled in the direction of the slope. The crushed ore is then placed on the top of this table, which is always kept vibrating. "Then water is made to flow across the table at right angles to the top. The lighter gangue particles are thrown upwards at every jerk and carried across the table by the stream of water, while the heavier ore particles move towards the bottom of the table. Thus separation takes place when the ore reaches the bottom. This method is useful for dense ores like Cassiterite (SnO2).
Hydraulic classifier."

Tags:Wilfley, hydraulic

Abstract
This marketing plan asserts that the water purification system is a combination of three technolgoies on the marketplace, utilizing the best features of all three. The paper relates that it can be tailored for gravity fed systems or run on electricity, it uses a small trace of chemicals which can be adapted by purchasing different filter types for different areas of the country, and it has implemented the water dial, which gives users a choice of what taste they would like in their drinking water.

From the Paper
"Our water purification system is a combination of three technolgoies on the marketplace, utilizing the best features of all three. It can be tailored for gravity fed systems or run on electricity. It uses a small trace of chemicals which can be adapted by purchasing different filter types for different areas of the country. Additionally, it has implemented the water dial, which gives uses a choice of what taste customers would like in their drinking water. To elaborate about our system, this paper cites the need for this water..."

Tags:water, purification, india

Abstract
This paper discusses the environmental and human health effects of heavy metal contamination. The paper examines the sources of the heavy metals, transport of the heavy metals and the solutions to heavy metal contamination.

From the Paper
"Heavy metals are one of the most common environment pollutants. They come from a wide range of sources. For example, in a recent study of heavy metal contamination in Sydney, R. Snowdon and G.F. Birch note, Soils across the entire Iron Cove catchment are enriched in Cu, Pb, and Zn, but are substantially elevated in the north-east part of area, probably due to the location of old houses, past industry, and the convergence of major roads and railway lines (Snowdon and Birch 336). From this statement it seems that heavy metals are released into the environment from a number of human activities."

Tags:heavy, metals, environment

Abstract
This paper discusses the Dowling Flexible Metals Company case in which the Dowling company developed with relative rapidity from its beginnings in a small garage. The paper describes how they started out as a company fabricating dyes for making minor component metal parts for automobiles. When it was decided that diversification was necessary, so as not to be tied so closely to the automobile, the company started to expand into new markets with new metal products. The paper examines how the company now has problems that need to be addressed.

From the Paper
"The Dowling Flexible Metals Company developed with relative rapidity from its beginnings in a small garage. What started out as a company fabricating dies for making minor component metal parts for automobiles. When it was decided that diversification was necessary so as not to be tied so closely to the automobile, the company started to expand into new markets with new metal products. The company grew rapidly after that and in 1980 found itself with greater size, more debt, and a number of problems that had not been addressed during the period of growth. The immediate issue is to examine the company and to recommend how to make things run better."

Tags:dowling, flexible, metals

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the medical uses of metals such as iron, potassium and selenium. The writer discusses where to find these metals in the human body, how they function in the body and how they can be used to treat disease. Further,t hew writer looks at the reasons for the metals to be toxic, how the metals are used as drugs and how the body absorbs the metals.

From the Paper
"It is the objective of this paper to look at the medical uses of metals such as iron, potassium and selenium. Here we will look at where we can find these metals in the human body, how they function in the body and how they can be used to treat disease. The paper also analyzes the reasons for the metals to be toxic, how the metals are used as drugs, how they can be used to diagnose diseases and how the body absorbs the metals. Metals in the body and their function. In this section we will be looking at where iron, potassium and selenium ..."

Tags:iron, potassium, selenium

Abstract
This paper presents a marketing plan for a water purification system for use in India. The paper cites the need for this water purification system and enumerates the current problems in India with providing clean water. It also describes the competitors and risks to the system, pricing and distribution. Finally, the paper discusses advertising and budgetary issues.

Table of Contents:
Product Description and Introduction
Goals and Strategy
Target Market
Competitors/Risks
Pricing
Channels of Distribution
Advertising, Sales Plans, PR Plans
Budget for Three Years
Budget
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It has cost $600 million in R&D to develop the product, and set up manufacturing operations in India. Our operational costs will be another $100 million annually. We are working on a fixed cost of $30 per unit, and initially $15 for marginal cost for a profit of $5 for each unit. Our advertising cost will be $40 million per year. Our profit will be $5 each unit. However, we are anticipating a operating loss our first year setting our sales at 100million units. We will make up that loss over the year two years, making 2million which still puts us as a net loss for year two, but recouping our investment in year three, by selling 200,000 units (a 50,000 increase in sales each year) In year three, we will make $260 million, which will make up for our $16million loss in year one."

Tags:budget, product, sales, PR

Abstract
The writer explains that in this experiment, lysozyme was purified from egg white solution into 24 fractions using gel column chromatography. The writer points out that the odd-numbered fractions were then assayed in order to determine the enzymatic activity of lysozyme, while the even-numbered fractions were assayed for total protein content, using the Bradford protein assay procedure. The writer notes that lysozyme is one of the most well-known enzymes, being abundant in mucus, tears, and albumen (commonly known as egg white).
The writer concludes that the purification of lysozyme from egg white was only somewhat successful since the estimated value of the molecular weight, 14.25 kDa, is practically the same as the known weight of 14.3 kDa. However, the specific activity, calculated at 400 units/mg, was significantly less than the expected specific activity of 25 000 units/mg of protein.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Calculations
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Lysozyme is itself composed of 129 amino acids, including four disulfide bridges and three sets of alpha helices. The enzyme's active site consists of a long groove that can hold as many as six polysaccharides. According to past experiments, specific activity of lysozyme from egg white is approximately 25 000 units/mg. This is the expected result for this experiment. However, one factor that influences the specific activity is the actual column and type of chromatography being used, since accuracy differs among the different types of chromatographies. Therefore, some are able to purify enzymes better than others, giving a more accurate specific activity. In addition to obtaining the specific activity, molecular weight of the enzyme can be determined by comparing the fraction in which most of the enzyme eluted with the fractionation range."

Tags:protein, egg, white, calculations, fractions

Abstract
Analytical and comparative assessment of four precious metals as investment vehicles. Gold, Palladium, Platinum, Silver. Factors for and against precioius metal investment compared with other investments. Optional investor strategies for investing in precious metals. Comparison of the performance of the four precious metals. Pricing and price volatility. Seven Exhibits.

From the Paper
"INVESTING IN PRECIOUS METALS: AN ANALYTICAL AND COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT

Introduction
Over the past decade, precious metals have taken a back seat to securities as the preferred investment vehicle by the majority of investors. The slippage in preference among investors, however, does not necessarily mean that investing in precious metals is not a good strategy for some investors.

This research provides an analytical and comparative assessment of precious metals as an investment vehicle. This assessment covers four precious metals gold, palladium, platinum, and silver. The presentation of the findings of the assessment is in three major sections, as follows: (1) a comparison of the performance of the four precious metals ..."

Abstract
The paper explores the causes, effects and solutions of heavy metals and their political, societal and economic ramifications. The paper shows how, although heavy metals are essential for many human endeavors, a growing body of evidence suggests that long-term exposure to such substances can have significant adverse health consequences.

Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The encyclopedic entry for the term shows that heavy metals include the most dense metals, such as osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, tungsten, uranium, tantalum, mercury, hafnium, lead, and silver (Heavy metals, 2007). According to Farmer, there are a number of metals that are toxic to plants and animals, many of which occur naturally in varying concentrations, due to rock and soil weathering and volcanic activity; human activity, though, can cause significant amounts of additional emissions of such substances. This author advises, "Most metal processing operations will emit varying quantities of metals, as is to be expected. However, there are also other significant sources, such as fossil fuel burning (coal and oil contain traces of heavy metals)" (Farmer, 1997, p. 26). To date, the most heavily publicized heavy metals emissions involve those with lead in motor vehicle exhausts, where the lead component is specifically added to the gasoline product as an anti-knocking agent (Farmer)."

Tags:exposure, contamination, toxicity, sludge

Abstract
The paper begins by purifying beef heart and ends with a highly-quantitative analysis of the results of attempting to isolate the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. It contains every aspect of a detailed biochemistry lab report. The paper contains complex quantitative analysis with supporting statistics. It also has scanned photographs of the gel electrophoresis.

From the Paper
"Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a crucial enzyme that regulates lactate levels throughout the mammalian body. Proper LDH function is essential for a number of important biochemical pathways, including the Cori Cycle and glycolysis among others. Without it, the glycolytic cycle would come to a halt due to diminished nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) reserves, and the buildup of lactate would ultimately result in lactic acidosis-a potentially fatal affliction."

Tags:bovine, centrifugation, chromatography, electrophoresis