Abstract The paper looks at methods of organizing material effectively and explains the use of an attention-getting opener, a well-organized and easy to follow speech body and a well thought-out conclusion. The paper also discusses the importance of clear articulation, good projection, variety and animation in presenting a speech.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
PublicSpeaking Methods and Skills
Speaking at a Public Meeting-Tips
PublicSpeaking in the Media
The Attention-Getter
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Basic presentation skills are stated in the work of McNamara (2007) and stated as the first step is to "list and prioritize the top three goals that you want to accomplish with your audience." Secondly, it is important to "be really clear about who your audience is and why it is important for them to be in the meeting." (McNamara, 2007) Third, it is important to list all the major points of information that should be conveyed to the audience and then to ask oneself if all the points are likely to be understood by everyone in the audience. It is necessary to consider the tone that one desires to set for the presentation. Through defining the tone of the presentation one may enable the cultivation of that mood to those listening in the audience."
Abstract This three page graduate paper is in the form of a critique of a speech about mergers and discusses the technique of publicspeaking. The author notes that in critiquing this speech about mergers and their unappreciated benefits it is appropriate to use the call to action technique. The writer maintains that this personal approach will serve to draw the audience into the topic immediately and frame the content to follow from the proper perspective.
From the Paper "In critiquing this speech about mergers and their unappreciated benefits, it is appropriate to use the call to action technique and to open the speech with the question, "How many of you have ever been involved in a merger or acquisition?" for this personal approach will serve to draw the audience into the topic immediately and frame the content to follow from the proper perspective. But before proceeding with the Christian Science Monitor material, the speaker should establish her credentials and experience by providing some personal information."
Abstract The paper explains that while everyone talks, very few manage it in front of others with a confident manner, definitive goal and end success. The paper quotes experts on publicspeaking; Lucas, Gard, Krannich, Fellows and Dunckel and highlights their formula that being prepared for the practical problems that confront every speaker is the secret to a good speech. The paper explains that while they summarize their findings differently and approach different types of speech work in their research, they agree on the three key tasks of setting goals; constant and good preparation, quelling the fears that stand in the way of every presenter and a thorough presentation.
From the Paper "The words of seminal speakers have not only woven the prose of a poet's pontification, they have inspired the events and actions that have determined the course of the world. "Throughout history, people have used public speaking as a vital means of communication," Stephen Lucas writes. Making ones words public are easily done well; while everyone talks, very few manage it in front of others with a confident manner, definitive goal, and end success. The habits of highly effective speakers are educational; while sometimes innate, they are learned skill sets, honed, and practiced daily to conquer fear, gather thoughts, and control attention. Personal experience lends to my understanding of public speaking as not just a message to spread nor system or rhetoric, but rather an amalgamation of the academic, theoretical, and practical standards of speech."
Abstract This paper explains why some people are afraid of publicspeaking. First the nature of fear and anxiety is discussed. This is followed by a discussion of four things people can do to improve their publicspeaking ability--systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, preparation, and practice.
From the Paper "Public speaking is often described as the most common fear in the world. This fear of public speaking is often regarded as a problem that occurs when an individual has to speak in front of a large crowd of people. However, the same fear can be created when speaking in much smaller group situations. While speaking in front of mass audience may be easily avoided, speaking in smaller group situations may not be. For example, a person may be required to speak to a group of employees, or to do a presentation for a group of work colleagues. These situations are far more common and are not something a person can avoid without it harming their life and career. One of the other features of the fear of public speaking is that people often consider it natural. A certain level of nervousness probably is natural, but anxiety is not. There are relatively simple steps a person can take to manage any anxiety they experience. A person can turn what might have been a difficult experience into one that is comfortable for them. Fear of public speaking is not something that a person has to put up with, nor some unchangeable aspect of their personality; fear of public speaking can be overcome."
Tags: cognitive, restructure, desensitization, practice
Abstract The paper begins with a definition of publicspeaking anxiety and a discussion on the various forms it takes. This is followed by an examination of some of the common treatments for this condition. Finally, the impact and importance of preparation and practice in avoiding this anxiety is explained.
From the Paper "Public speaking anxiety is defined as a certain type of communication apprehension or CA, where CA is defined as, "fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another person or person" (O?Hair, Freidrich, Wiemann & Wiemann 344). Communication apprehension can be either a personality trait, where the individual feels apprehensive about any type of communication. Or more commonly, it is situational, where the level of anxiety depends on factors such as the nature of the communication and the size of the audience. This explains why an individual may be a confident speaker in an informal situation, but may still develop high levels of anxiety in a situation with a large audience or one that is seen as a threat. It is also important to note that it is not only the size of the audience that matters, the other factors in the situation also have an impact. For example, an individual may be comfortable giving a speech to several hundred school mates, but then experience anxiety if asked to speak in front of a formal board of directors, or to a group of children. This illustrates that it is the stress associated with the communication situation that determines the levels of anxiety experienced."
Abstract The paper focuses on speech development and presents an ethical argument for the sick and dying to be able to use drugs legally. This is of paramount important to the validity of the speech. This speech conveys a multi-layered set of evidence-based principles that provide a legal and ethical critical analysis for the legalization of drugs in America.
From the Paper "The aim of this study is to evaluate the basis of informative and critical speech methods which have been developed over the course period. By analyzing the earlier aspects of speech development, one can realize how critical and ethical considerations are necessary in the latter development of effective speech presentations. By analyzing the various arguments for the legalization of drugs, this speech represents a thorough and penetrating ethical argument for the end of the Drug War in America. The opening tenants of the dangers of illegal drugs is explicitly stated when the speech initially proclaims: "I believe the death of every youth killed by drug-related gang violence is on the hands of those who perpetuate this drug war, since these deaths just would not have happened if drugs were sold legally like alcohol and tobacco are now.""
Abstract This page paper presents a detailed exploration of the writer's experiences and ideas that were garnered from taking a business class. In this paper, the writer explores the various things he learned about business management, finance and publicspeaking for the purpose of presentations. This paper shares the writer's personal perspective.
Outline:
Introduction
The Importance of Business and This Class
Groups
Personal Objectives and Goals
Conclusion
From the Paper "I learned several things about working in a group from taking this class. The first thing I learned is that while everyone does work together on the project, it is important to appoint a leader. It is not because the leader necessarily knows more than other team members, or because the leader wants to be in charge of people. The leader is needed so that one person can be responsible for overseeing each area of the project and viewing the overall picture and seeing if it is all coming together as planned. If there is a hole or something missing from the needed equation the leader is able to see it and point it out.
When the group has a leader appointed then individuals in the group are better able to concentrate on their area of the project and devote all of their energy to that one element.
With each group member doing the same thing the entire group can produce a more comprehensive and professional result. "
Abstract At a rally on September 9, in Dayton, Ohio Senator Barack Obama gave a speech on "A 21st Century Education". The author of the paper uses that speech as a platform to examine and analyze Senator Obama's abilities as a public speaker. The writer describes Obama's use of words and imagery and examines their effects on the audience. He goes on to show how Obama uses his linguistic ability to establish his credibility and promote the image of a caring, forward thinking, everyday American in an attempt to win support not only from Democratic party supporters but also Republicans.
From the Paper "Besides revealing character qualities, Obama uses ethos to establish his credibility as a leader who makes wise decisions. He includes a bit of his track record when he brings up the successful law he passed in Illinois to double the number of charter schools in Chicago, and his plan to do the same thing nationwide. He mentions several statistics about the literacy rates in America and the rate of jobs offered to different levels of education to raise awareness of our current state, and more so to show that he is educated and passionate about this issue. He further shows his ability to solve this problem by mentioning a couple of programs he had developed last year, such as the Service Scholarship fund to solve the problem of finding good teachers."
Tags: democratic president senator republican, american dream, elections public
Review of the novel "Black Elk Speaks" from the perspective of Christianity with an emphasis on the influence Christianity has had on the Lakota Sioux.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, 2002, $ 80.95
Abstract The characters in John Neihardt's "Black Elk Speaks" cross a multitude of literary representations, symbols and metaphors. Although one can say that each of these characters or representations are unique to the Lakota Sioux, and indeed represent what is unique about Native American heritage in general, This paper will focus more on how these representations and characters reflect the Christian influence upon the Lakota Sioux. Throughout "Black Elk Speaks", many Christian parallels may be found and this paper will highlight several of them.
Abstract This paper discusses what public relations means to a company's success and what effective public relations are supposed to achieve for a company. The paper explains that effective public relations is dependant on the company's ability to provide a positive company image to the public, focus on the stakeholders related to the company and produce a public relations plan that will serve as a guide for all public relations issues. The paper also explains that companies that are capable of in-depth planning with regard to public relations have the ability to handle any issues that arise with positive outcomes. This includes damage to the company's image for any number of reasons and the company's ability to recover successfully. The recovery will ultimately be dependant on the image that the public has of the organization and the public's knowledge of honest concern that the business has in association with the public as stakeholders in the business.
Abstract This paper serves as a proposal for the study of research findings on questions relating to the overall quality of public schools and private schools in America. The author has devised a research study,which is to include the collection of data from a broad spectrum of relevant sources, such as current students of public and private schools, parents and guardians of students in public and private schools, teachers and administrators from public and private schools, graduates and alumni from public and private schools, and finally the general public. The questions the research study is to focus on are: (1) Which type of school is perceived as providing the highest quality education to students? (2) Which type of school is perceived as being the best value? (3) How should public and private schools co-exist and function within our society? and (4) Which subsets of the population (current students, former students, parents of students, school staff, and others) hold which opinions? This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter summarizes the purpose of the research study and defines public and private education. The second chapter is a literature review, detailing previous research and then suggesting that this body of work is insufficient to fully address the question of public vs. private education. The third chapter presents the methodology of the author's study, including how the population sample is to be chosen, what questions are to be asked of that sample population, and how the results of this survey are to be calculated.
Outline:
Chapter One
Introduction
Background of Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose
Significance of the Study
Research Questions
Assumptions and Delimitations
Definitions
Summary
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Chapter Three
Methodology
Research Design
Site Setting
Population
Sample
Measurement Methods
Procedure
Ethical Considerations
Summary
List of Appendices
From the Paper "As this first chapter has demonstrated, there is a great deal of research that must be conducted in the area of school and education. The current educational system is divided into two major subsections: private schools and public schools. Public schools are funded by taxes and regulated by the government, while private schools are independently run and funded, with different laws and regulations for each of them in every school district and state. However, it is obvious that both of these types of schools are still experiencing difficulties and have not become ideal institutions as of yet. There are many social factors which are affecting and being affected by the state of the schools, and it is important for the future of youth and society as a whole that the educational system be properly evaluated so that improvements can be made. Public schools and private schools both demonstrate some positive traits as well as some negative. In order to get a complete image of the current state of public and private schools, the opinions, experiences, and suggestions of all related populations must be taken into consideration; current students of public and private schools, former students of public and private schools, parents of students of public and private schools, staff of public and private schools, and people who do not attend, work at, or have children in school all must have input into a complete survey of the school situation."
Abstract This paper discuses the transition from public administration to public governance. The author examines specific issues relevant to the practice of public governance. The paper highlights the application of public governance concepts, techniques and practices to strengthen accountability in public service and to maintain the integrity of public funds.
From the Paper "From the recording clerks of ancient Egypt to the bureaucracy of Weber to formalized public administration, the process of government is undergoing a new metamorphosis into public governance. The future of governance ..."
Abstract The paper discusses public relations and its popular conceptions. The paper also discusses the author's interpretations of what constitutes public relations, as well as how various professional researchers and bodies view public relations. Finally, a consensus is reached regarding the nature of public relations and what public relations means to the various bodies that utilize public relations as a unique business activity.
From the Paper "This author's concept of public relations (PR) is that it comprises the identity of a company or organization that the company's, or organization's, internal and external customers perceive. PR forms the voice of a given enterprise through which that enterprise speaks to its constituents whether internal or external. While most individuals might equate PR with media relations, speech writing and composing press releases, it occupies a much more important, albeit less defined role, within an enterprise that most might believe. Effective PR strategies are the single most important function within an organization during times of crises and how a company's PR function manages a crises can either ensure that the organization continues as a viable enterprise or, alternatively, ensure that it no longer maintain sufficient revenues to remain in business."
This paper identifies the various publics involved in this public relations case study of Tylenol and attempts to differentiate between the internal and external publics.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, 2006, $ 35.95
Abstract This paper presents a public relations case study on Tylenol. The paper identifies the different publics involved in the case study as the American consumers who had grown to rely on the business and the product. These consumers were especially important in the Chicago area where the deaths linked to the use of Tylenol had occurred. Stakeholders and employees within the company that contributed to making the product or invested in the product over time are also identified as members of the varying publics in the case study. Additionally, the paper identifies the state and federal governments that were involved in the case because it involved illegal activity, as well as the local police and federal authorities that were attempting to investigate the matter as members of the different publics.
Abstract This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the role of public relations for today's global companies, with particular focus on marketing and management strategies. The paper includes a literature review which helps define a best practices model for this field. Several other models of public relations are taken from current research in emerging global companies. The importance of the Internet is described as a public relations tool, with applicable sites listed.
Outline:
Introduction
Emergence of Public Relations Maturity Model
Model of Market-Driven Organization, Synchronized Across Functions
Figure 1: Public Relations as being Demand Driven
Figure 2: Public Relations Maturity Model
Literature Review
Figure 3: Sales-force.com PR Manager Dashboard Interface
Turning the Position of Trusted Advisor into a Competitive Advantage
Completing Market Segmentation Based on Trust
Values-Based Segmentation Strategies and Pricing
Organizational and Customer Value Alignment and Relationships
ROI Analysis Literature Review
Nordstrom's Case Study: How Public Relation's Stressing Value Impacts Company Culture
Areas of Future Research
Bibliography or Works Cited
From the Paper "The second critical success factor emerging from the research completed is the challenge of continually defining value both from a product and services perspective across multiple geographies. Respondent scores reflect a global focus of retaining credibility through stressing value-based selling over features, functions, benefits and other product-centric messaging including price. This second critical success factor centers on positioning and messaging with high credibility to support the trusted advisor role. Researchers mention that this approach to building credibility both supports the trusted advisor role and gets their companies away from selling only product features, which in many industries makes the selling process even more difficult. This second critical success criteria reflects the impact of market-driven organizations on product strategies. It is evident from the market-driven organizations in the sampling base there is a much stronger triad link between marketing, public relations, analyst relations, and investor relations. Imagining an overlapping Venn diagram of these items a best practices model emerges for messaging synchronization across a global enterprise."
