Abstract
The paper discusses how most people will have a reaction to public speaking, with anxiety symptoms that can range from a dry mouth and sweaty hands to not being able to breathe or actually blacking out. The paper looks at the different methods that businesspeople can follow, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, relaxation techniques and spiritual support, that will effectively break the cycle and reduce the degree of anxiety.

From the Paper
"Ask a very self-confident, high-achieving executive to present a speech and this person may actually start to sweat and get nauseas. Anxiety, and even panic attacks, is quite common with fear of public speaking or "glossophobia." Studies show that neurological changes, such as cortisol levels occur in these individuals prior to the speech (Roberts, Sawyer, & Behnke, 2004). Research finds that there are ways to influence the pre-conscious and conscious levels of these individuals so that anxiety can be reduced. Businesspeople have several proven options on how they can tackle their public speaking anxieties.
"The concept of anxiety and its causes has been studied for decades. Sullivan (1949), one of the first to study and define the term, saw anxiety as experiencing the threat of losing the sense of self security. The "self system" was an organization of security operations designed to deal with anxiety and re-establish a sense of security. Sullivan helped his patients to notice "marginal thoughts," which occurred alongside of what one was centrally thinking-in one's peripheral field so to speak, and thus the rudiments of cognitive behavior therapy are seen here. These marginal thoughts have the potential of being more of interest than what was actually being reported. According to Schultz (2006), Sullivan's anxiety perspective has a relevance to psychotherapeutic approach. Instead of trying to eliminate anxiety with medications, or other means such as alcohol, it is more important for the therapist and patient to face the conflicts that are at the root of this anxiety."

Tags:cognitive, behavioral, therapy, exposure, therapy, relaxation, stress, worry

Abstract
The paper discusses how despite the strong evidence that second-hand smoke is linked to serious illnesses and deaths in non-smokers, there continues to be tremendous controversy surrounding smoking bans in public places. The paper explains that some believe such a ban violates the rights of business owners to establish the rules for their businesses and it infringes upon the rights of smokers. However, others believe that the health effects of second-hand smoke are sufficiently negative to support banning smoking in public places. The paper looks at the two groups that are the most vulnerable to the effects of secondhand smoke exposure; employees and children. The paper concludes that the reasons are compelling for a ban on smoking in public.

From the Paper
"Everyone is aware of the negative effects of cigarette smoking. That smoking cigarettes causes heart disease, lung disease, and several types of cancer is well-documented. Less well known is the fact that secondhand smoke is very dangerous as well. Secondhand smoke includes two types of smoke; that "given off by the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers." (American Lung Association). Secondhand smoke is a known carcinogen and is linked to about 3,000 lung cancer deaths in nonsmokers each year. (American Lung Association). In addition, secondhand smoke is known to cause heart disease in nonsmokers; about 35,000 nonsmokers die of secondhand smoke-caused heart disease each year and nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke are 25 percent more likely to have coronary heart disease than other nonsmokers."

Tags:nicotine, carcinogen, heart, disease, lung, dangers

Abstract
This paper identifies the focus of research questions used by public opinion scientists to frame the issue of immigration in their studies. The author discusses the known attitudes of Americans towards immigration, including overall public opinion, specific attitudes of significant demographics and relevant research trends. The paper concludes that, even though public opinion regarding immigration is both socially and politically important, research on this topic is still relatively limited. The author points out that polls indicate that, while generally Americans do not support increased immigration, the overall public believes that immigration has benefited the country as a whole but has negatively affected certain economic and social issues. The author underscores that researchers have suggested that family relations and friendships with recent immigrants have shown to produce positive attitudes towards immigration while feelings of prejudice typically coincide with restrictionist immigration views. The paper includes tables.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodological and Theoretical Issues Presented by Scientific Public Polls
Objectives and Insights: Overall View, Significant Demographic Disparities and Notable Trends
Attitudes towards Immigration Levels with Possibilities for Future Work
Attitudes towards Immigration in General and Regarding Specific Concerns
Proposed Explanations of Inconsistencies and Possibilities for Future Research
Explaining the Gap between Ethnicities with Recommendations for Future Research
Explaining the Gap between Public and Elites' views with Prospects for Future Work
Two Brief Anomalous Periods in 40-Year Trend Reveals Apathy
Possible Factors Influencing Public Opinion: Significant Case Studies
Methodological and Theoretical Issues Identified with Proposed Framework for Future Research
Kathleen Moore: Direct Exposure Theory
Peter Burns and James Gimpel: Prejudice Fueled by Economic Anxiety
Charles Chandler and Tsai Yung-mei: Ranging Social Factors
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A more likely explanation for this gap is represented by the public's combined ignorance, and even sometimes apathy towards immigration legislation. Take, for example, the Gallup polls surveying public opinion towards the proposed 2007 immigration bill. Despite extensive news coverage and the fact that this poll was conducted just days before Congress was scheduled to debate the bill, the number of respondents claiming to have paid attention to the legislation is discouraging. 40% admit to paying little or no attention to the issue, 42% were somewhat attentive while only 18% followed the bill closely."

Tags:techniques, restrictionist, demographics, friendships, legitimacy

Abstract
Analysis of Humphreys' book on the sociology of deviance. Book centers on a study of men from mainstream society (most married) who engaged in impersonal sex with other men in public bathrooms. Subculture. Risks involved (exposure, police) and reward (sexual satisfaction). Faults author's controversial research strategy (posing as a deviant to obtain information) & his methodology as violations of the freedom & privacy rights of his subjects, and as lacking depth. Praises book for its enlightening perspective.

From the Paper
"In Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places, Laud Humphreys redefined the sociology of deviance by showing that men from mainstream society were the main participants of a highly deviant activity?impersonal sex in restrooms dubbed the tearoom (Rainwater in Humphreys, 1975, p. xiii). Unlike prevalent conceptions of deviant acts as belonging solely to a deviant subculture, such as the gay culture, tearoom sex involves men who are married and live with their wives (Humphreys, 1975, p. 105).


Depending on how far their deviant behavior deviated from the rest of their lives, these men faced different risks by participating in tearoom sex. Therefore, Humphreys (1975) discovered that married men with a respectable position in mainstream society compensated for their deviant behavior by..."

Abstract
The Yale Model focuses on exposure, attention, comprehension, acceptance and action ("Yale", n.d.). Exposure encompasses trust and the ability of the candidate to demonstrate experience, as well as be an identifiable figure to the public. Attention focuses on the candidate's ability to bring attention to his her herself, as well as the issues that are believed to be important in the campaign. Comprehension is related to the voter's knowledge of the candidate and his or her acceptance as a viable factor in the race for the White House. Finally, action concentrates on the methods used by the candidate to win support.

From the Paper
Clinton Campaign Analysis 1. The Yale Model focuses on exposure, attention, comprehension, acceptance and action ("Yale", n.d.). Exposure encompasses trust and the ability of the candidate to demonstrate experience, as well as be an identifiable figure to the public. Attention focuses on the candidate's ability to bring attention to his her herself, as well as the issues that are believed to be important in the campaign. Comprehension is related to the voter's knowledge of the candidate and his or her acceptance as a viable factor in the race for the White House. Finally, action concentrates on the methods used by the candidate to win support.

Tags:politics, hillary, clinton

Abstract
The paper discusses the radiological health program (RHP) that has been mandated to control the uses of radiation and to protect the public's health and safety and the environment from accidental and avoidable radiation exposure. The paper also examines the response to the Chernobyl accident and the ensuing establishment of the international nuclear safety program (INSP) and highlights the advancements that have been made in the technology of nuclear safety.

From the Paper
"Health is a key factor in the scope of any kind of nuclear services or work. Many steps are taken to ensure that each individual is protected as much as possible when involved in dealing with any type of radiation. A program called The Radiological Health Program has been established to set guidelines and regulations that protect the public and keep all involved safe.
"The Radiological Health Program (RHP) has been mandated to control the uses of radiation and to protect the publics' health and safety and the environment from accidental and avoidable radiation exposure. This has been accomplished through the registration of radiation (x-ray) machines, licensing of radioactive materials, inspections, and enforcement actions, to ensure total regulatory compliance."

Tags:Surtsey, Chernobyl, accident, reactor, containment

Abstract
This paper explains that, for several decades, the medical community has alerted the public to the incidence of birth defects that are directly related to radiation, underscoring the long-term impact that exposure to radiation has on the body and on future offspring. The author points out that exposure before conception carries a risk of specific birth defects including mental retardation and childhood cancers. The paper stresses that to avoid these risks in the future it is important to re-evaluate the location of nuclear reactor sites as well as the frequency of x-rays.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
The Basics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A defect occurs when there are changes in the DNA. Changes can occur spontaneously or can be caused by an external factor. One of the external factors that have been strongly linked with changes in the elements of DNA is exposure to radiation. Changes that are caused or directly linked to the exposure to radiation are referred to as mutations.
When these changes result from radiation exposure they are called radiation-induced mutations."

Tags:germline, somatic, dna, reactor, x-rays

Abstract
The paper looks at how Anne Goulding's "Information Poverty or Overload?" addresses a growing issue of concern for information specialists and the public in general. The intense availability of information in the developed world is actually leading, Goulding argues, to the creation of a class of people who for all intents and purposes become paralyzed by too much information. The paper explains that given seemingly limitless possibilities for answers and explanations, individuals have difficulty sifting through the available information and making reasonable decisions or acting upon them. The paper posits that Goulding's discussion importantly sheds light on the unexpected dilemma of too much information exposure.

Tags:information, overload, misinformation

Abstract
The paper discusses William Godwin's major work, "An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice", which is an early elucidation of the political theory of anarchism. The paper defines anarchism and then compares this work to Marx's "Capital" and "The Communist Manifesto". The paper explores why William Godwin's work has had less public exposure and popularity than either of Marx's works.

From the Paper
"While Karl Marx has become a famous thinker and philosopher through the wide dissemination of his two major works, Capital and The Communist Manifesto, a much lesser known figure has also contributed substantially to the perennial dialogue of radical political philosophies, and this man and his work is worthy of deeper analysis. This writer is William Godwin (1756-1836), who was nearly a contemporary of Marx and in his own way equally radical, yet significantly divergent in his thought. Godwin may be best known for having married the writer Mary Wollstonecraft, a groundbreaking feminist thinker in her own day, and for being the father of Mary Shelley of Frankenstein fame. Godwin's major work, An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793) is an early elucidation of the political theory of anarchism, and is worth analyzing in terms of the similarities it shares with Marx's communism (Landry, para 16)."

Tags:Capital, Communist, Manifesto, government, corruption, private, property

From the Paper
"RISK MANAGEMENT IN YOUTH ATHLETICS

Introduction
This research examines the application of the concepts of risk management in the administration of youth athletic programs. The term "youth athletic programs," as the term is defined for purposes of this research, does not refer to youth athletic activities conducted under the aegis of school boards or administrations..public or private. Rather, for purposes of this research, the term "youth athletic programs" refers to programs administered by quasi.public organizations such as Little League Baseball, Pop Warner Football, and the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association).

The findings of this research are presented in three major discussions. The first discussion provides an overview of the ..."