Abstract This paper explains that, at the beginning of the 20th century, new forms of art, literature and theater became popular in the United States that were not as constrained as earlier forms. The paper looks at the group of avant-garde actors and producers called "The ProvincetownPlayers" who developed a theater form that would have an impact for many decades to come. The paper shows how, although they may have been a strange group, the ProvincetownPlayers provided an excellent outlet for their separate needs: political fervor, artistic zeal, trial of new works, Greek theater production, friendship and feminism.
From the Paper "George Cram Cook (Jig), one of the originators of Provincetown Players stated in a book about the theater in 1920, "Groups like ours are about to inherit the whole duty of dramatic man." This was an entirely new concept, because America had not been considered the center for literary leadership. When Cook's theatrical experiment began, cultivated Europeans were still sneering at the concept of American theatre and drama. It was not that theatre buildings, dramatic publications, and theatrical productions were nonexistent in the U.S., but rather that American playwrights and actors, designers and directors were still virtually unheard of in Europe (Sarlaos 1)."
Tags: ideology, Industrial, Workers, of, the, World, O'Neill, productions, plays
Abstract The salaries of the baseball players when compared to their performance comes out to be justified according to the equity theory. This paper presents statistics and research studies that compare values and present that the players in Major League Baseball are neither underpaid nor overpaid, rather they get paid their just deserves.
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that with the advent of modern communication and media technologies, sports have become a global industry and have become a channel for cultural and ethnic diversity. The writer investigates the role of sports in promoting cultural exchange. The term cultural exchange is used by the paper to refer to the assimilation or accommodation of practices associated with non-American cultural traditions. Changes in existing perception about a particular culture because of the sports exposure are also assessed. Sports of interest are primarily baseball, basketball as well as American football - sports which have been identified the most with the United States. Current perceptions of the influx of foreign players and its implication to the industry, players and sports fans are also assessed. At the end of the paper, a conclusion is developed as to the effectiveness of sports as a platform of cultural communication.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Assessment
Implications
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper " A good illustration of the case is the recruitment of Yao Ming. His physical stature and sport are not directly associated with the characterization of being Chinese. Joanne Tang points out that the popular characterization of the race has been that they are of diminutive in statures, associated with martial arts or as academics and involved in trade. Chinese athletes have also been more associated with gymnastics, diving and marital arts. Thus, Yao seemed to be distinctly out of character. At the same time, he also didn't subscribe to the idea of a basketball star, appearing even at times recalcitrant to face the public or the media. Baseball's Masanori Murakami experience was also similar. He recalls that though baseball was considered a big sport even in his time, he had to significantly adjust to the intensity of playing in Major League Baseball. One critical difference in perspective that he refers to is that his view of playing baseball before playing in the United States was that it was a profession foremost but in the United States, the celebrity value of athletes is much more pronounced."
Abstract This is a review of Kurt Vonnegut's book, "Player Piano". The main character is Paul Proteus. Although he may have every thing a person might want, it did not erase the depression about his life. Machines do all the work and people are actually "slaves".
Abstract This paper examines the struggles that Latino players in major league baseball have faced over the years. The writer discusses the beginnings of Latino players in professional baseball, beginning in 1954 and continuing through the surge that began in the 1980s. The paper also discusses how the influx of Latino players has increased baseball's popularity in Spanish-speaking countries worldwide which in turn has impacted upon the numbers of Latino youth seeking to play professional baseball in the United States. Another area that the paper touches upon is how the increasing numbers of Latino players has opened up the doors to a small, but growing number of Latino managers in the major leagues. The writer also examines the struggles that these players faced in the early days, when Latino players were fewer in number.
From the Paper "As more Latino players move into the majors, Latino managers are making their mark, too. Felipe Alou was recently hired by the San Francisco Giants to take over the manager job vacated by Dusty Baker after the World Series. "Alou was also the fourth Latin American manager born in the Caribbean Islands, the other are Mike Gonz"lez, Preston G"mez and Cookie Rojas all from Cuba. Later Tany P"rez (Cuba)and Tony Pe"a (Dominican Republic) became the fifth and sixth respectively" (Pi-Gonz?lez). Alou was also the first Latino to manage an All-Star game in 1995."
Abstract The paper addresses the issues of collective bargaining, free-agency, arbitration, owner/player relations and salary structure all from the perspective of human resources. The paper reviews relevant literature and explains that the methods being utilized in major league baseball for basing players' pay provides the players with motivation to increase their marginal revenue product (MRP) so that the owners will have a basis for increasing their salaries in future negotiations. This study concludes that the performance of a player in major league baseball is a fair and equitable method to use for the basis of a player's salary.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Review Of The Literature
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper "According to Fields (2001) many and often are the debates surrounding the issue of whether professional baseball players are actually worth the exorbitant salaries they are paid. Stated is: "A recent report from the Independent Members of the Commissioner's Blue Ribbon Panel on Baseball Economics concluded that from 1995-99 only three teams (Cleveland, Colorado, and New York Yankees) achieved profitability (Levin et al. 2000). These factors have resulted in arguments for revenue sharing, a tax on clubs with payrolls over a fixed threshold, and other measures to attempt to lower players' salaries.""
A comparison of the reactions of the Major League Baseball Players' Associations and the National Football League Players' Association's to policies of steroid testing.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, 2005, $ 44.95
Abstract This paper discusses the reaction of the players' unions of the MLB, the NBA and the NFL with regards to policies for testing of steroids on professional athletes. It shows the difference between the Major League Baseball Players' Associations strong opposition to any anti-doping measures and the willingness of the National Football League Players' Association's willingness to comply with tougher steroid testing measures.
From the Paper "Anti-Doping Measures and Professional Sports League Players' Unions Professional sports has become more competitive than ever before with many hopeful young men competing at the high school and collegiate levels with the dream of eventually becoming a professional athlete and enjoying all of the fame and fortune that their favorite sports heroes enjoy. However, because of the fierceness of the competition and the limited number of slots available on professional sports team rosters, most of these young men will never realize their dream and the ones who are fortunate enough to get a taste of that sweet dream know that it may be only momentary unless they manage to stay at the top of their game and ahead of the competition curve. The high level of vulnerability of professional athletic careers and the unrelenting competition may be what drives some professional athletes to seek to gain and edge by using steroids."
Abstract This paper provides a brief insight into the life of basketball player Michael Jordan from his birth in in Brooklyn, N.Y. on February 17, 1963 to becoming one of America's greatest players in basketball history. It examines his career through school and college, his family life and the affect of the tragic death of his father. On January 13, 1999 Michael Jordan, the great basketball player, who goes for the hoop with his eyes rolling and his tongue sticking out, retired from the court forever.
From the Paper "Michael accepted a basketball scholarship to the University of North Carolina. In 1981, he was a freshman in college. He played hard and got into the starting lineup. In 1982, it was the NCAA championship: UNC vs. Georgetown, and Michael made the winning shot. Because of him, the University of North Carolina was the 1982 NCAA champion. Then, the Bulls offered him a seven-year-contract worth $6.15 million. In 1984, he moved to Chicago and played with the Bulls using #23. Everything was going well for him. In his personal life, he became a millionaire, met a woman named Juanita Vanoy who was an executive secretary at the American Bar Association, got married, and had three children named Jeffery, Marcus, and Jasmine. In his career life, he was named the Most Valuable Player from 1987-98, NBA Finals MVP from 1990-98, the NBA Defensive Player of the Year for the years 1987-88, 1991 NBA championship, was in eleven NBA All-Star games, and starred in the movie ?Space Jam.? "
Abstract The purpose of this study is to look at aerobic and anaerobic conditioning and exercise. Female soccer players are used for this study and the results of how well they do on specific tests are measured. The study also examines whether those that perform better on these tests are also better soccer players and concludes whether this type of training and exercise has an effect on the performance of female high school soccer players.
Introduction
Demographics
Background of the Study
Who am I as a Teacher?
How did I get to be that Way?
How did I get Here?
Personal Motivation
Rationale
Teacher Action Research
The Study
Purpose of the Study
The Research Question
What are the Issues and Concerns?
Overview
Review of the Literature
Procedures
Overview
Initial Testing
Test #1 - 1 Mile Run
Test #2 the Coopers Test
Test #3 40-yard Sprint
Test #4 300-yard Shuttle
Test #5 200-yard Dash
Test #6 400-yard Test
Conclusion
From the Paper "Marple Newtown School District is a suburban Philadelphia school district in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in a community of approximately 35,000 people, most of who are involved in business and the professions. There are approximately 3,500 students enrolled in grade K through 12. Accelerated and advanced placement courses are offered in all academic areas. The academic curriculum of the district reflects the strength of traditional programs while meeting the changing needs of a technological society."
Abstract This paper discusses how MMORPGs provide an environment in which satisfying relationships can be built. However, the compatibility that players feel with others in the game may be artificially enhanced by game-based pre-selection. The paper further discusses how it is possible, also, that individuals are concealing information that may lead to other players drawing other conclusions about them, if that information was known. Research on MMORPG relationships is scarce, however, existing research shows that players experience greater emotional involvement in these games, rather than outside of them.
From the Paper "Jason DesFlam is a husky young man with bright red hair, secured by a blue skullcap. He wears a silver chain-mail tunic, overlaid with a yellow doublet and leggings of red dragon scales. In Ultima Online, Jason is a powerful paladin warrior, capable of both armed combat and simple spell-casting. His blue ostard--a creature that is a combination of an ostrich and a lizard--is not the most powerful of creatures, but is a swift mount that possesses some combat skills of its own. Yet when Jason logs out in the inn, another identity emerges, a forty-five-year-old woman. No one in the game knows who "Jason" really is. They believe she fits the standard demographic of the game, a young man between the age of seventeen and twenty-four."
Abstract The paper discusses how very few professionals have the right to express themselves while they are on the job, that even actors and actresses sport the 'uniform' of their trade. The writer argues that basketball is a highly competitive team sport, and is, moreover, uniquely American and so for players to, almost universally, adopt an image that conveys the lowest common denominator of American life, the ghetto, which supposedly honors its unfortunate racial history, is therefore ridiculous. The writer further argues that the NBA players are highly paid professionals, charged de facto with presenting an image that the world will find attractive and uplifting and so asking the players to present a clean-cut image, particularly in these troubling times, seems little enough to ask of people getting paid multiple millions because they are exceedingly tall and can play a child's game.
Table of Contents:
Why a Dress Code, Why Now?
Dress Codes in Professional Settings and Sports
Conclusion
From the Paper "Not everyone is as much in favor of the rule as the Chicago student. Terry Boyd, a "hip-hop professor' at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, accuses the NBA of wanting to have it both ways. They want, he says, to hire players who come from a hip-hop environment, but then they want to demonstrate, by choosing attire that might be worn by Commissioner David Stern and not street-wise players, that Stern, and not the players, is in charge of the league (Cholo, 2005). The brother of the student in favor of the code opposes it, contending that it is insulting to hip-hop; more cogently, he points out that the "NBA makes money off hip-hop" (Cholo, 2005). Indeed, rappers Nelly and Jay Z "are part owners of basketball teams" (Cholo, 2005)."
Abstract This paper examines sports organizations and their power structures. It also considers issues of conflict and power struggles between owners of sports organizations and the players, collectively. In addition, it looks at different instances of conflict resolution and then includes cases in which the use of power by leadership has either led to improving or damaging the conditions in these sports.
From the Paper "Owners supply the capital to ensure the franchise can operate and function. As the author Bernard Bass described, "the member with more personal power" will be more esteemed, since he can directly give or deny? (Bass, 278). It allows the employees to get paid, the stadium to open, marketing to draw interest in the team, and all the other functions, which the operation needs to continue to run. Owners invest in the team expect a return for their investment. In order to get a return on one's investment, a team must be profitable (or show the potential for profitable returns. Without the owner's capital, employees would not be paid and the franchise would cease to exist. The owner provides the gift of life."
Abstract This paper examines and analyzes the theme of Kurt Vonnegut's 1952 novel, "Player Piano". The author discusses what themes play out in the life of Paul Proteus, what elements of American politics might lead to the sort of society described in the novel, and what elements might prevent such a society.
Abstract This nine-page paper provides the reader with an in-depth look at careers in professional sports players. The writer addresses the issue of injuries, risks, and methods to reduce those risks.
Tags: SPORTS / PROFESSIONAL, AMATEUR, professional sports players
Abstract This paper looks at the various elements of the film "The Player" by Robert Altman and their thematic effects on shaping viewer response. The paper analyzes the plot, characterization, acting, camera angles, mise en scene and cinematography of the film in great depth.
From the Paper "The 1992 film The Player written by Michael Tolkin and directed by Robert Altman, satirizes the filmmaking industry of Hollywood, whilst criticizing the industries corruption. The film constantly alludes to earlier Hollywood films and comments on the practices of Hollywood film studios. The film utilizes the scope of film medium to simultaneously create meaning and entertain the viewer."
