Abstract
Some political observers argue that the balance of power between the legislature and the judiciary resides with the judiciary in Canada - a troubling assertion for those who feel unelected officials should not hold that kind of sway over the political process. In the view of this writer, such an argument is undoubtedly correct. With that uppermost in mind, this article looks at why it may be said that Canadian judges wield sweeping powers. From there, the paper turns to examine the arguments raised by at least one prominent Canadian academic who feels strongly that judges should use the considerable powers of their position to promote the creation of a Canada more in keeping with the notions of equality and inclusiveness that Canada allegedly stands for. The writer concludes by looking at how justices now see themselves in Canada, how the Charter entrenchment of certain rights has expanded their legislative role and what implications their prominent place in the democratic process offers for interest groups and citizens' groups. The writer maintains that the proper balance of power in a democracy should be one in which judges interpret the law rather than make it via prescriptive measures, but laments whether this will ever happen in Canada.

From the Paper
"Other academics, while appearing to share Dr. Greene's view that justices should play a key role in the shaping and formulation of Canadian law, nonetheless bristle at any suggestion that Canada's judiciary has been assertive in resisting the non-democratic or authoritarian impulses of Parliament - at least in some notable cases that have sweeping implications for all Canadians. For instance, L.E. Weinrib writes in 1994 that Canada's Supreme Court justices caved in to the legislature (and possibly to public pressure, as well) when they decided to reject Sue Rodriguez's request that she be allowed to die via assisted suicide. Of especial importance - at least to Ms. Weinrib - the majority of the Supreme Court read Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as enshrining the sanctity of human life and not as an expression of an individual's right to be an autonomous decision-maker in a free society."

Tags:judges, courts, legislatures, judgment

Abstract
This paper examines how effective democracies effectively balance their power among several leaders or agencies. The paper notes that tome political observers argue that the balance of power between the legislature and the judiciary resides with the judiciary in Canada - a troubling assertion for those who feel unelected officials should not hold that kind of sway over the political process. In the view of this writer, such an argument - however unsettling it may be - is undoubtedly correct. From there, the paper will turn to examine the arguments raised by at least one prominent Canadian academic who feels strongly that judges should use the considerable powers of their position to promote the creation of a Canada more in keeping with the notions of equality and inclusiveness that Canada allegedly stands for.

From the Paper
"Some political observers argue that the balance of power between the legislature and the judiciary resides with the judiciary in Canada - a troubling assertion for those who feel unelected officials should not hold that kind of sway over the political process. In the view of this writer, such an argument - however unsettling it may be - is undoubtedly correct. With that uppermost in mind, the following several pages will look at why it may be said that Canadian judges wield sweeping powers. From there, the paper will turn to examine the arguments raised by at least one prominent Canadian academic who feels strongly that judges should use the ..."

Tags:Canada, court, justice, equality

Abstract
This paper discusses Morgenthau's feelings about how politicians and/or leaders must be viewed based on their decisions; Waltz's ideas on the ever changing outlook of the balance of power and Kissinger's ideas that history must be viewed in order to learn about countries and their ability to gain power.

From the Paper
"David Hume said "It is a question, whether the idea of the balance of power be owing entirely to modern policy, or whether the phrase only has been invented in the later ages?" (Thompson & Morgenthau 1952, 105). Yet, as history has evolved it is evident that the theory of "balance of power" began to be constructed in ancient societies when there was a concern that one entity would become greater, or more prominent, than another. In early Greece, researchers contend, there is the first evidence of a concern for nations to achieve a balance of power within the world. Yet, this concern gained greater significance during the reign of Louis XIV in France, and developed further in Europe during WWI (Thompson & Morgenthau 1952, 105). "

Tags:balance, power, politics

Abstract
This essay examines whether the global balance of power has already shifted from the United States to China or still remains with the U.S. To appropriately answer this, the paper uses the six dimensions of global influence as a barometer in determining where the global balance of power now lies, whether it has already shifted in China or still remains in the United States. The paper then summarizes its findings for each point in the conclusion.

From the Paper
"In terms of size, the US economy is about eight times than that of China. In contrast, China is burdened with its huge population of 1.3 billion. Such that when its GDP is divided among its 1.3 billion population, this will translate to a very low per capita income. To illustrate this disparity, pre-crisis per capita income in United States in 2007 was $42,000 compared to China's mere $2,000 per capita income on the same period. Further, about 400 million Chinese who lives in its rural area survives on less than $2 per day and another 200 million lives on less than a dollar a day.
"China's phenomenal economic rise enables it to gain clout in the world economy especially with its contribution in the global growth. Its extraordinary economic development has also been used by developing countries as a model for growth .
"China's weakness includes its lack of multinational corporations. It does not have a home grown industrial complex and its economy is heavily dependent on Western expertise. It has a weak domestic consumption accounting only 36 % making it vulnerable to external market shocks. China's primary economic driver which is its exports is also largely foreign funded enterprises comprising 60% of its total exports."

Tags:disparity, ideological orientation, reserve currency, multinational corporations, aging population

Abstract
This paper outlines the historical factors and events during the 14th and 15th centuries that caused the balance of power to shift away from Portugal and Spain and toward the Netherlands, France, and England.

From the Paper
"In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the dominant explorers of the time hailed from Portugal and Spain, and these countries were made quite wealthy as a result. Their position, however, as significant empires would not last forever, and soon, the countries of Northern Europe - in particular, the Netherlands, France, and England - set out to take their share of the riches, too. These countries improved on the Spanish and Portuguese methods of exploration, ship building, and trade. The English had faster, more agile ships that were more maneuverable then those of Portugal and Spain."

Tags:defeat, spanish, armada, world, domination, britain, exploration, new, world, empires

Abstract
This paper examines the issue of whether corporate power makes the concept of democracy meaningless. According to the paper, in American life, corporations exert a great deal of influence and control, raising numerous complaints in recent years that big business, through lobbyists and other means, affect Congress to too great a degree and so make the concept of democracy meaningless. The paper further contends that if corporations can get what they want by making campaign contributions or twisting the arms of legislators, the influence of the voter at the polls is diminished.

From the Paper
"The issue raised is whether corporate power makes the concept of democracy meaningless. In American life, corporations exert a great deal of influence and control, rising numerous complaints in recent years that big business, through lobbyists and other means, affect Congress to too great a degree and so make the concept of democracy meaningless. If corporations can get what they want by making campaign contributions or twisting the arms of legislators, the influence of the voter at the polls is diminished. This idea has only increased with the exposure of a number of scandals in recent years, the Abramoff scandal being only the most recent..."

Tags:corporate, power, democracy

From the Paper
"Theory guides the course of research and affects our understanding of the world by prioritizing the problems to be analyzed and by providing a methodological approach to the study of these problems. In terms of the study of international relations, one of the oldest and yet most persistent theoretical approaches is known as the "balance of power" paradigm. The balance of power theory has undergone many developments through history and assumed many different forms, but the overall concept remains relevant to global affairs today.

This research charts the origins and development of balance of power theory and defines this methodological perspective according to its contemporary model. The contemporary balance of power theory is then applied to recent events in Middle Eastern international relations, particularly the role and functions of ... "

Abstract
This paper takes a look at how power relationships between men and women are as old as man and woman themselves. The paper discusses how throughout history the balance of power has sometimes subtly, sometimes dramatically, shifted in favor of one gender or the other.

Outline:
Introduction
Men Still Rule the Roost
Women in Control
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Despite the struggles of generations of women, in America and many other parts of the world, according to feminists, women are still the oppressed gender. According to Arslanian-Engoren, there are still biases that marginalize women, and in fact, these biases are so significant, they negatively impact women's healthcare, resulting in healthcare disparities between men and women. Power and knowledge are not the same thing, however they are mutually dependent on one another. Therefore without knowledge, power cannot be initiated. Feminists theorize that it is man that holds the key to knowledge in society today; therefore, power naturally follows. Arslanian-Engoren notes that only by acquiring new scientific knowledge, in this case specifically concerning women's healthcare, and reframing the parameters of women's healthcare, can women strive to achieve a more egalitarian and equitable balance in the power relationship."

Tags:man, women, female, male, control, struggle

Abstract
This paper analyzes the issue of corporate power and democracy. The issue raised is whether corporate power makes the concept of democracy meaningless. The writer discusses that in American life, corporations exert a great deal of influence and control, rising numerous complaints in recent years that big business, through lobbyists and other means, affect Congress to too great a degree and so make the concept of democracy meaningless.

From the Paper
"If corporations can get what they want by making campaign contributions or twisting the arms of legislators, the influence of the voter at the polls is diminished. This idea has only increased with the exposure of a number of scandals in recent years, the Abramoff scandal being only the most recent, showing how a lobbyist can gain favor that the average citizen cannot."

Tags:corporate, power, democracy

Abstract
This paper traces the development of the three orders of power in American history. It explains that the history goes back to the founding of the nation when the idea of a balance of powers was instituted, with three theoretically co-equal branched of government, the executive, the legislative, and the judicial, each with its own area of power. The paper focuses on the executive order and how this can potentially be abused by presidents. The writer argues that the executive order has become a means by which Presidents try to create law when they cannot get Congress to act as they wish. The use of the executive order endangers the balance of powers so important in our constitutional system.

From the Paper
"Critics point out that there has been a growth in presidential rule through executive orders and national emergencies. The Constitution defines presidential powers very generally, and so it does not define or directly limit the power of a president to rule by executive order: "The issue is especially acute when presidents use executive orders to legislate, for then they usurp the powers of Congress or the states, raising fundamental concerns about the separation and division of powers" (Liberty Study Committee). "

Tags:president, order, national, democracy, abuse